Showing 6 results for Microstructure.
M. Sabzi, R. Kalantaripour ,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (8-2016)
Abstract
In this investigation, the effect of heat input of SMAW process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hadfield steel weld joints was investigated. For this purpose, 4 annealed sheets with thickness
2 mm prepared from Hadfield steel and then welding applied by SMAW process with 6.75 and 11.25 kJ/mm heat input values. The evaluation of the microstructures of welding joints was conducted by optical microscopy and the joints mechanical properties were examined by tensile, charpy impact and microhardness measuring tests. The results indicated that by increasing the heat input in the SMAW process, microstructure consisted from smaller grains, and strength and microhardness increased but impact energy was reduced.
H. Mehrabi Sharifabad, M. Hajisafari,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (8-2018)
Abstract
In this research, two different filler metals, ERNiCrMo-3 and ER309L, were used for developing different microstructure, austenite (γ) and austenite and ferrite (γ+δ) in the weld metal and fatigue properties of welded samples were evaluated in the air and sea water environments. Microstructural studies indicated a good agreement between predicted microstructures via schiffler diagram and metallographic studies. Evaluation of fatigue properties in the air and sea water environments revealed the austenitic weld metal, like base metal microstructure, improved the fatigue strength of welded samples. Fractographic studies and FESEM-EDS analysis showed more ductile fracture of welded samples by using ERNiCrMo-3, formation of more uniform and deeper dimples in the final zone of fatigue fracture, than that of welded samples by using ER309L. Furthermore, unlike dimple formation centers in welded samples by using ER309L, Mo-Ti rich intermetallics caused formation of dimples in the welded sampled via ERNiCrMo-3.
S. A. Beheshti Bafqi, M. Mosallaee,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (12-2020)
Abstract
In the present study, the transient liquid phase bonding of AISI 2205 dual phase stainless steel with amorphous BNi-3 interlayer was carried out. Based on the initial experimental and analytical studies, the parameters of temperature and bonding time were determined. In order to investigate the effect of bonding temperature on the microstructural changes of the joint, bonding was performed in the temperature range of 1050-1200℃ for 20 min. The microstructural and phase analyses indicated the completion of isothermal solidification and the formation of a uniform Ni-solid solution in the bonding zone centerline. The interdiffusion between the bonding zone and the adjacent base metal resulted in the formation of boride and nitride intermetallic compounds in the base metal adjacent to the bonding zone, which the area fraction of this intermetallics significantly decreased with increasing bonding temperature from 1050℃ to 1200℃ (reduction of the intermetallic area fraction from 85% to 40%). Evaluation of shear strength of samples showed that despite the completion of isothermal solidification in all samples and shear strength of bonded samples significantly depends of amount and morphology of intermetallic compounds on the transient liquid phase bonding shear strength. By increasing the bonding temperature to 1200℃ and reducing the area fraction of intermetallic compounds up to 40% of the shear strength of the samples increased from 450 MPa of TLP bonded specimen of 1050℃ to about 85% of base metal shear strength.
F. Harati, M.a. Jabbareh, S.m. Mousavizadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (1-2023)
Abstract
The present research aims to study the liquation and re-solidification of liquid during friction stir spot welding of AZ91 alloy. Although friction stir spot welding is a solid-state process, the presence of Mg17Al12 intermetallic compounds results in liquation during the welding process. In this study, friction stir spot welding was performed with a tool rotational speed of 2500 rev/min and a tool dwell time of 5 seconds. The microstructural assessment was carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that initiation of liquation from the inner and outer edge of the eutectic precipitates occurred based on the melting of residual eutectic. Moving toward stirred zone, a liquid film formed along the grain boundaries. The liquid re-solidified as a composite structure of α-Mg/, which α-Mg phase dispersed in γ-Mg17Al12 matrix. Also, the results showed that eutectic morphology resulting from re-solidification is related to the cooling rate. Eutectic morphology changed from granular to fibrous by increasing the cooling rate. Also, the liquid film along the grain boundaries re-solidified as a divorced eutectic.
Mr E. Ganjeh, Dr Ali Kaflou, Dr Kourosh Shirvani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (1-2024)
Abstract
In this study, mechanical properties of the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonds between Hastelloy X to Ni3Al IMC at temperature range of 800 - 900 °C were investigated. The microstructure of the joints was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Also, high temperature XRD (HTXRD) analysis was utilized to investigate the phase changes at different temperatures of half-joints. According to microscopic observations, the joint cross-section consisted of three regions including diffusion affected zone (DAZ), isothermal solidification zone (ISZ), and Athermal solidification zone (ASZ), which increasing temperature and time result in ISZ consisting of nickel-rich solid solution developed across the microstructure. The optimum joint bonding strength was achieved for the sample treated at 1100 °C – 180 min equal to 355 ± 4.5 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength reached 36.5 ± 1 and 20.5 ± 1 MPa at temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C, respectively. Fracture occurred on the side of the IMC substrates at both test temperatures due to the presence of shrinkage porosity during the solidification stage of IMC and crystal lattice parameters mismatch with the matrix.
S. H. Hashemi, R. Vafaei, R. Shoja-Razavi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (1-2024)
Abstract
316 steel is used in transportation, space, and chemical equipment. This steel is in demand in these industries due to its durability. It is used to increase the lifespan and renovate equipment. The research explores the impact of laser energy density on st6 cladding. It specifically focuses on the microstructure and geometric characteristics of the cladding. The cladding is applied on 316 steel. The experiment was designed with energy density changes from 40 to 116 J/mm and powder rate changes between 12 and 20 g/min. Optical and electron microscopic images were used to evaluate the samples. The results indicated that the dendritic arms grew larger with increased energy density. The dimensions increased from 1.5 to approximately 3. In other words, the speed of cooling is doubled. Increasing energy density from 40 to 75 J/mm reduced cobalt to chromium ratio from 2 to 0.7. It also decreased cobalt to iron ratio from 35 to 3. The changes emphasize how energy density affects microstructure and phase transformations.
