Showing 14 results for Abdi
S. Abdi, A. Fayaz Moghadam, M. Ghadimzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (summer 2007)
Abstract
To determine the effects of different intensities of leaf removal at different reproduction stages of sunflower on seed yield and oil percentage, and the most sensitive stages to defoliation, an experiment was carried out by split-spilt plot design in randomized complete block with 3 replications at research farm, College of Agric. Urmia University, in 2004. The main factor, sub factor and sub-sub factor in our experiment were: 1. two cultivars, Uroflor and Alstar, 2. defoliation at four reproduction stages, star shape of inflorescence (R2), pollination stage (R5), seed setting initiation (R6) and final period of seed setting (R7), and 3. four defoliation intensities ( 0% as an undefoliated control, 25%, 50% and 75% ). Seeding was accomplished on May 23. Average triple factor interactions verified that different defoliations at R2 stage have significantly reduced seed yield and oil percentage of both Uroflor and Alstar cultivars. Out of this reduction, 75 percent defoliation at R2 was the most, while at R5 and R6 stages 50 and 75 defoliation caused significant reduction on seed yield in comparison with control. At R7 stage different defoliations had no significant effect on seed yield of Uroflor cultivar, while, on Alstar cultivar, 75 percent defoliation at R7 stage caused significant difference in relation to control. Also average triple interaction among factors showed that none of defoliation percentages had significant effect on oil percentage. In view of the fact that, seed development and filling occurred after defoliation at R2 and R5 , the most variation resulted from defoliation of valued traits like number of filled seed per head and weight of 1000 seeds, observed at R2 and R5 stages and consequently reduced seed and oil yields. On the bases of this experiment it could be concluded that sunflower cultivation with losses of 50 and 75 percent will be economically unprofitable and it will be more desirable to replace it with any other suitable crop in the region.
E. Abdi Gezeljeh,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (spring 2008)
Abstract
Based on the official statistics of industries and mines organization about 1000 tons of waste of spaghetti in spaghetti- producing plants, and around 7500 tons of waste in chickpea pre-cleaning plants are produced annually in the East Azarbayjan province. In order to determine chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the above mentioned waste, at first classified random sampling from 10% of plants was performed. Then amount of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NDF, ADF, and gross energy were measured according to AOAC (1990) procedures. The amounts of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NDF and ADF, for spagettti waste were, 12/7, 0/2 , 2/4 , 1/7 and 0/1 percent, respectively, and for chickpea pre-cleaning were 30/2 , 17/8 , 8/7 , 32/3 and 22/4 percent, respectively. The waste of spaghetti was mixed with basal diet with the ratios of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 100%. The waste of pre-cleaning chickpea was mixed with basal diet with the ratios of 15% and 45%. Then, in order to determine different kinds of metabolizable energy (AME, AMEn, TME, TMEn) of waste, 30 grams of mixed feed were force-fed to 4 adult Leghorn-type roosters, according to the method described by Sibbald. The amount of AMEn of spaghetti waste in different levels was 2915, 3535, 3937, 3643, 3728, 3671, 3687 and 3717 Kcal/kg, respectively and the amount of AMEn of metabolizable energy of checkpea pre-cleaning in two levels was 2677 and 2279 Kcal/kg, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between AMEn of wastes. There were significant differences between amount and kinds of metabolizable energy in different levels. The highest amount of AME was observed to be in 30% ratio of spaghetti waste relation to basal diet. There were significant differences between amount of metabolizable energy of checkpea pre-cleaning in two levels. The highest amount of AME was observed to be in 15% ratio of checkpea pre-cleaning waste related to basal diet.
E. Abdi, B. Majnounian, A. A. Darvishsefat,
Volume 12, Issue 44 (summer 2008)
Abstract
One of the most important cost factors in forest management, which involves a great deal of investment costs, is road construction. So evaluating forest roads and determining the best one can decrease costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate forest roads using Multi Criteria Evaluation with respect to costs. In Multi Criteria Evaluation method such factors as slope, aspect and soil type were used for suitability map. Then factors were compared in pair-wise comparison in the context of a decision-making process known as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop weights of map layers. To do this, the opinions of some experts were collected using questionnaires and the results were integrated and factor weights were calculated. Then weights and their factors were entered into Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Module to create final suitability map (factors were standardized before combining). Total costs of each variant were extracted from suitability map. After variant costs were obtained by dividing each variant total cost by its length, unit cost of each variant was calculated. Finally, unit costs were compared and the variant with the lowest costs was determined. The results showed that the slope had the greatest weight followed by soil and aspect. Also, variant 7 had the lowest cost and variant 8 the greatest cost. AHP method has the capability of considering qualitative and quantitative criteria so it is a proper method for weighting. Also MCE method in GIS environment has the capability of combining different factors. As it requires less time and cost, also has a higher precision, it is better to use MCE method in such studies.
H Shariatmadari, Y Rezainejad, A Abdi, A Mahmoudabadi, M Karami,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
Many researchers have reported positive effects of converter sludge and slag, two by-products in Isfahan iron melting factory. In this work, the optimum rate of application and the availability of some essential elements (for plant growth) in the converter sludge and slag for corn were investigated. The converter sludge contains about 64% Fe ІІ and ІІІ oxides and some other essential elements for plant growth. The slag also contains 17% iron oxides, 52.8% calcium oxide as well as considerable amounts of some other elements. Treatments included a control, Fe-EDTA foliar spray with 5 in 1000 concentration, application of sludge in 4 levels (L1, L2, L3 and L4 equal to 5.83, 13.33, 20.83 and 26.67 ton/ha, respectively) and application of slag in 4 levels (S1, S2, S3 and S4 equal to 3.20, 7.28, 11.36 and 15.44 ton/ha, respectively) which supply 1, 2, 3 and 4 times as much as soil test recommends, based on AB-DTPA extractable Fe in the soil. Corn (Zea mays) single cross 704 was planted for the experiment. Applications of the two compounds increased the soil extractable Fe and Mn, decreased Mg but the treatment did not change the soil-extractable Zn, Cu and Ca. The corn yield also increased due to the applications of the two compounds and the maximum yield was related to L3, L4, S3 and S4 treatments. The foliar application treated the leaf chlorosis and increased the silage, grain and leaf + stalk yields however, this was not as efficient as sludge and slag application. Also applications of the two compounds increased the Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca and Mg uptake by corn. The L3 and S3 treatments can be recommended as the proper levels of these compounds as iron fertilizer.
M. Karam, M. Afyuni, A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, M. A. Hajabbasi, H. Khademi, A. Abdi,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (fall 2012)
Abstract
The task of modern agriculture is to safeguard the production of high quality food, in a sustainable natural environment under the precondition of pollution not exceeding accepted norms. The sustainability of current land use in agro-ecosystems can be assessed with respect to heavy metal accumulation in soils by balancing the input/ output fluxes. The objectives of this study were to model accumulation rate and the associated uncertainty of Zn in the agro-ecosystems of 3 arid and semi-arid provinces (Fars, Isfahan and Qom). Zinc accumulation rates in the agro-ecosystems were computed using a stochastic mass flux assessment (MFA) model with using Latin Hypercube sampling in combination with Monte-Carlo simulation procedures. Agricultural information including crop types, crop area and yield, kind and number of livestock, application rates of mineral fertilizers, compost and sewage sludge and also metal concentration in plants and soil amendments were used to quantify Zn fluxes and Zn accumulation rates. The results indicated that Zn accumulates considerably in agricultural lands of the studied townships especially in Najafabad (3009 g ha-1yr-1). The major Zn input routes to the agricultural soils (and due to agricultural activities) were manure and mineral fertilizers and the major part of the uncertainty in the Zn accumulation rate resulted from manure source.
A. R. Vaezi, A. Hoseinshahi, P. Abdinejad,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (Winte - 2013 2013)
Abstract
Flood spreading is one of the suitable methods to control the floods and conservation of soil and water in arid and semi-arid regions. Since soil properties may be influenced by the flood spreading, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of the flood spreading on physicochemical soil properties in Garacharyan plain located in North West of Zanjan in 2009. Three flooded areas and one control area were selected for soil sampling. Two hundred sixteen soil samples and twenty seven soil samples were taken from three flooded areas and control area, respectively. Soil infiltrability was also measured at three points both in the flooded areas and in control area. Results of the physical soil properties indicated that the soil infiltrability and available water content were significantly (p< 0.001) affected by the flood spreading in the study plains. With a decrease in sand percentage and an increase in clay in the flooded areas, soil infiltrability strongly declined. The available water content negatively correlated (p< 0.001) with clay in the areas. Soil chemical properties, including salinity, potassium, and bicarbonate, contrary to pH and total neutralizing carbonates and nitrogen, significantly (p< 0.001) increased in the flooded areas as compared with control area. Increasing of the salinity in the flood plains is associated with potassium in the flood plains (p< 0.001). There was no significant difference in organic matter and carbonate contents between the flooded areas and control area. The study revealed that controlling suspended load and solvent solids in the floods is necessary to prevent the degradation of the soil physicochemical properties (porosity, infiltration, plant water supply, and salinity and bicarbonate) and as a result improve the effectiveness of the flood spreading method in the flooded areas.
Mahin Karami, Majid Afyuni, Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh, Mohammad Ali Hajabbasi, Hossien Khademi, Ali Abdi,
Volume 17, Issue 64 (summer 2013)
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for plants as well as for animals and humans. There is a significant relationship between soils, plants and humans Zn status in a certain agro-ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to assess Zn status of soils in 3 arid and semiarid provinces of Iran and to model the relationship between wheat grain Zn and agro-ecosystem parameters. About 137 soil and wheat samples were collected randomly from the agricultural soils of Fars, Isfahan and Qom and were analysed in laboratory. Modeling the relationship between wheat grain Zn and agro-ecosystem parameters was done using least square based and robust methods. The results indicated that total Zn concentration of soils (range, 21-149 mg kg-1 mean, 75.2 mg kg-1) was in normal ranges. The DTPA-extractable Zn concentrations were below the critical level (0.8 mg kg-1) in 16% of the surveyed fields. The Zn concentration in 80% of wheat grains was sufficient (more than 24 mg kg-1) with respect to plant nutrition (range, 11.7-64 mg kg-1 mean, 31.6 mg kg-1). However, Zn bioavailability for consumers was generally low in more than 75% of the samples. This is because of high phytic acid to Zn molar ratio (more than 15). Soil DTPA-extractable Zn and available P were entered in to most of regression models significantly. Regression analysis showed that most of models fitted to wheat grain Zn concentration and soil Zn and influenced by agro-ecosystem parameters had a weak prediction power, despite their high determination coefficient. This means that factors other than those considered here have a strong influence on the uptake of Zn by wheat in these soils.
Sakineh Abdi, Mehdi Tajbakhsh, Babak Abdollahi Mandulakani, Mirhasan Rasouli Sadaghiani,
Volume 17, Issue 64 (summer 2013)
Abstract
The incorporation of plant residues in soils of arid and semiarid regions is a major principle of sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted at the research farm of Urmia University (37° 32’N and 45° 5’ E), Urmia, Iran during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Five green manure crops were grown in four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The treatments included white clover (T.repens), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia), pearl millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and turnip (Eruca sativa). Changes in soil nutrient elements and nitrogen mineralization were measured during different time periods after plant residues incorporation to soil. The plants were irrigated 50% of field capacity during growing period. The results showed that the total nitrogen and NH4-N were influenced by type of green manure in both years. The lignin and cellulose were the main factors controlling N mineralization and residue decomposition. In the first and second year, the results indicated that pearl millet green residues resulted in the highest amount of soil organic carbon. Nitrate-N content reached the highest amount in sainfoin and white clover. In conclusion, white clover and sainfoin due to increasing total and mineral nitrogen for subsequent plants could be introduced as a proper green manure in water deficit conditions.
M. Abdi Dehkordi, A. A. Dehghani, M. Meftah, M. Kahe, M. Hesam, N. Dehghani,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (summer 2014)
Abstract
In many water resource projects such as dams, flood control, navigability, river aesthetics, environmental issues and the estimation of suspended load have great importance. The complexity of sediment behavior and mathematical and physical model inability in simulation of sedimentation processes have led to the development of new technologies such as fuzzy logic which has the ability to identify nonlinear relationship between input and output variables. In this study, the application of fuzzy clustering algorithm in estimating the annual amount of sediment was studied. So, the corresponding data of flow and sediment discharge of Valykben station in kasilian basin during 1349-1350 till
1353-1354 period was daily determined. The data was divided in two groups i. e. 75% as training data and 25% for test data. Then, the efficiency of model was obtained by using statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient, nash-satklyf coefficient, mean square error root and variance ratio. The result showed that the classification of data on the annual time scale and use of fuzzy clustering algorithm can estimate 0.49 values of the measured annually suspended sediment transport. Furthermore, on the same scale of classification, i.e. annual scale, this value was obtained 0.19. Thus, using fuzzy clustering algorithm can lead to higher accuracy and reliability than rating curve method, which is suggested for estimating suspended sediment transport.
C. Abdi, P. Fathi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
Drip irrigation is one of the new irrigation methods for optimum use of water resources and increase of irrigation efficiency. The emitters' clogging is the most important problem in these systems. The physical clogging is the most important factor in reducing the discharge and emission uniformity of emitters. The emitter position on the laterals and emitter spacing are the factors that affect the physical clogging rate of emitters. The objective of the present study is evaluating the effect of emitter spacing of drip irrigation tape on the physical clogging rate of emitters. For this purpose, a physical model of drip irrigation tape was designed and made at the laboratory. In this research, seamless and seamed irrigation tapes with emitter spacing equal to 10, 20 and 30 centimeters were used. Statistical analysis showed that emitters spacing have significant effect on clogging rate of emitters in seamless and seamed drip irrigation tapes. The results also indicated that seamless irrigation tapes with 30-centimeter emitters spacing, with clogging rate of 22 percent, have the least clogging. A comparison of clogging rate and uniformity coefficient of irrigation tape showed the higher performance of seamless irrigation tape in clogging condition.
R. Mahdavi, M. Fuladipanah@gmail.com, N. Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
River flow routing has been a significant issue in hydraulic engineering. The main goal of this research work was solving Saint-Venant equations by using the semi-implicit finite difference scheme and considering energy conservation principle at the discontinuous points of flow field. In this model, with the first order accuracy, the flux limiter scheme and Upwind for the scheme are used for the satisfaction of TVD condition and discretization of the advection phrase in the momentum equation, respectively. By using three assessment functions including Nash-.Sutcliffe, sum square error and correlation coefficient, the performance of the model was evaluated for flood routing through Lighvan-Chai River between Lighvan and Hervi hydrometric stations with the application of twenty cross-sections. Manning roughness coefficient as a parameter for calibration and verification processes was determined to be 0.028. Finally, a comparison was made between nonlinear Muskingham hydrological method and the presented model through the same river reach. The amount of assessment functions for the semi-implicit model was calculated to be more than the hydrological one. The results showed that the presented model not only had high calculative efficiency and no limitation in time step calculation, but also displayed more accuracy for the hydrodynamic characteristics of flow.
S. Abdi, A. Pirzad,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on the growth and yield (quantity and quality) of Onobrychis sativa under water deficit condition, a greenhouse factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2014. Treatments included five species of mycorrhizal fungi (Fanelormis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis caledonius, Glomus versiforme and non-mycorrhizal control) and two levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80% [well watering] and 50% [water deficit] field capacity [FC]). The highest grain yield (9.187 g/plant) was obtained from the stressed plants inoculated with Rh. intraradices with the same grain yield of F. mosseae inoculated plants (8.867 g/plant). With a significant reduction in the grain yield of stressed plants, mycorrhizal relationships even increased the yield more than the well-watered plants. Despite the decreases in the grain protein and phosphorous of water-deficit stressed mycorrhizal plants, the highest grain protein content was obtained from the plants inoculated with G. versiforme, and the highest grain phosphorus content was obtained from the plants inoculated with F. mosseae. Mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the yield and the quality of Sanfoin grain in water deficit stressed plants due to reducing root volume against the stimulating root elongation. In this way, the species G. versiforme exhibited the greatest positive effect.
S. Abdi Ardestani, B. Khalili, M. M. Majidi,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Long-term drought effect is one of the main factors of global climate change, with consequences for soil biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen and the function of soil ecosystem under drought conditions. We hypothesized that 1) the Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea species would differ in their rhizosphere responses to drought and 2) combined plant species and drought would have offsetting effects on the soil biological traits. We tested these hypotheses at the long-term drought field expreiment at the Lavark Farm of Isfahan University of Technology by analyzing soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and activity of β-glucosaminidase in the rhizosphere of Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea species. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen responses to drought depended on plant species, such that the highest MBC was recorded in the Bromus inermis rhizosphere, while the lowest was in the Dactylis glomerata rhizosphere, thereby suggesting the greater microbial sensitivity to drought in the Dactylis glomerata rhizosphere. Genotype variations (drought tolerate and sensitive) mostly affected the change in the β-glucosaminidase activity, but they were not significantly affected by drought treatment and plant species. In general, the positive effects of the plant genotype could offset the negative consequences of drought for soil microbial biomass and traits.
M. Abdi, H. Sharifan, H. Jafari, Kh. Ghorbani,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (ُSummer 2022)
Abstract
The irrigation schedule of crops is the most effective way to increase agricultural water use efficiency. In irrigation planning, determining the irrigation time is more important and difficult than determining the depth of irrigation water. Among all methods of determining the irrigation time of crops, the methods which used plants are more accurate than other methods. In this study, the wheat water stress index has been used which is based on the air vapor pressure deficit and the difference between vegetation and air temperature (Tc-Ta). First of all, the diagram and the relationship between the top and bottom baselines were extracted, then the water stress index of wheat was drawn in the Karaj region. Secondly, to determine the optimal water stress index of wheat, four treatments including I1: 30% of maximum allowable depletion of moisture, I2: 45% of maximum allowable depletion of moisture, I3: 60% of maximum allowable depletion of moisture, I4: 75% of maximum allowable depletion of moisture were performed in four replications. The amount of water stress index of each treatment was calculated during the season separately, and the CWSI of the treatment with the highest water use efficiency was used to determine the irrigation time of wheat. The results showed that the relationship between the upper and lower baseline for wheat in the Karaj region is Tc-Ta = 3.6 0c and
Tc-Ta = -0.27VPD - 2.64, respectively. The treatment of 45% of maximum allowable depletion of moisture had the highest water use efficiency and the optimal water stress index for wheat was obtained at 0.36 in the Karaj region.
