Showing 14 results for Adhami
A. Ronaghi, E. Adhami, N.a. Karimian,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (spring 2002)
Abstract
Micronutrients availability including that of Zn is critical for optimum growth of plants. Zinc availability in calcareous soils of Iran is relatively low due to the presence of a large amount of CaCO3 and high pH levels. Overapplication of phosphorus to soils may also cause P-induced Zn deficiency. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus and zinc application on the growth and chemical composition of corn (Zea mays L.) under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of 5 levels of P (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg P/g soil as KH2PO4) and 3 levels of Zn (0, 5 and 10 µg Zn/g soil as ZnSO4. 7H2O) in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Plants were allowed to grow for 60 days and then cut at the soil surface.
Results showed that P and Zn applications increased top dry weight. Applied P increased P concentration and total uptake in plants, but decreased Zn concentration and had no effect on Zn uptake. Zinc application decreased P concentration of com but increased Zn uptake and concentration. The P: Zn ratio in plants increased with P application but decreased with Zn addition. Application of P and Zn increased Fe concentration in plant but decreased Mn concentration and had no effect on Cu concentration. Prior to making any fertilizer recommendations, more research is required to precisely evaluate the response of com to P and Zn applications under field conditions.
H Owliaie, E Adhami, M Chakerhosseini, M Rajaee, A Kasraian,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements are widely used for the evaluation of soil profile development. Fourteen soil profiles were studied in a relatively wide range of climatic conditions in Fars Province. Citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extraction and micro CT-Scan images were used to evaluate the source of magnetic susceptibility. The results showed that soil samples lost 23 to 91 percent of their magnetic susceptibility after CBD extraction (χCBD), reflecting differences in the source (pedogenic or lithogenic) of magnetic susceptibility. Greater values of the decrease were noticed mostly in well developed soil profiles as well as in soil surface. 22 to 89% of the decrease was observed in frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility (χfd) after CBD extraction. A significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was obtained between χCBD and χfd in the soil studied. Micro CT-Scan images with a spatial resolution of 33 µm showed lithogenic magnetic Fe oxide (magnetite) grains.
R Molavi, M Baghernejad, E Adhami,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (Water and Soil Science 2009)
Abstract
Fire is widely used to clear farms in Iran, while there is little information regarding the effects of fire on the characteristics, especially mineralogy of soils. The objectives of the present study were to 1) compare some physico-chemical properties of burned and unburned soils and 2) evaluate minerals transformation in top soil layer resulting from increasing temperature. Soil samples were taken from 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths of two burned places, an agricultural soil from Takht-e-Jamshid area and Bamoo forest, in four replications. Physico-chemical analyses were carried out on burned and unburned samples. X-ray diffraction technique was used to identify minerals of clay fraction in 0-5 cm depth burned and unburned soil, and also to compare transformation of minerals (if any) after heating at 300˚C and 600˚C for 2, 4, 8 and 12 h. Burning increased soil pH and sand sized fraction in 0-5 cm, and P and K in both depths of Bamoo forest. Changes in soil properties of agricultural filed were negligible. XRD analyses showed the reduction in the intensity peaks of chlorite and illite after burning. Lower relative quantity of chlorite and illite was observed in various times of 300˚C treatment in comparison to control, while they were not observed in 8 and 12 h of 600˚C. No change was observed in the peak of quartz in forest and field soils after burning and after various heat treatments.
H. R. Owliaie, E. Adhami, H. Faraji, P. Fayyaz,
Volume 15, Issue 56 (sumer 2011)
Abstract
Trees in many forests affect the soils below their canopies. Analysis of the relationships between trees and soil is one of the basic factors in management and planning of forests. Zagros forest ecosystem is one of the main degrading forest ecosystems in Iran and plays an important role in soil protection. Quercus brantii is the most important woody species in these forests. This study was conducted to determine the influence of oak on selected physico-chemical properties of soils of three oak forests in Yasouj region. The experimental design was a factorial 332 (3 depths, 3 regions and 2 distances) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil samples (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depth) were taken from beneath canopies and adjacent open areas. The results showed that oak canopy increased mostly organic carbon, total N, available K, P, EC, EDTA extractable Fe, Zn and Mn, while CCE, pH, and DTPA extractable Cu were decreased. Oak canopy had no significant effect on soil texture. Our results suggested that the presence of Quercus brantii individuals may be an important source of spatial heterogeneity in these forests.
M. J. Fereidooni, H. Farajee, H. R. Owliaie, E. Adhami,
Volume 16, Issue 60 (Summer 2012)
Abstract
Effect of urban sewage and nitrogen on soil chemical characteristics in sweet corn was evaluated in Yasouj region at 2009. Five irrigation treatments were managed common water during entire period of growing season as control (I1) urban sewage during the first half of growing season (I2) urban sewage during the second half of growing season (I3) alternate urban sewage and common water (I4) and urban sewage during entire period of growing season (I5) and three nitrogen rates (N0=0, N80= 80 and N160=160 kg N ha-1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated that the soil N, P and K concentrations in treatment I5 had a significant difference compared to the other irrigation treatments. Irrigation levels were also exhibited a significant difference in soil organic matter and EC. Maximum and minimum of soil organic matter were observed in I5 (%0.45) and in I1 (%0.33), respectively. Maximum and minimum of soil EC were found in I5 (2.0 dsm-1) and in I1 (1.4 dsm-1), respectively. Irrigation treatments did not show a significant change in soil pH. The effect of irrigation and interaction between irrigation treatments and nitrogen rates were not significant on available forms of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in soil. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was significant on soil N content. Maximum (%0.034) and minimum (%0.030) of soil nitrogen were noticed in N160 and N0, respectively.
H. R. Owliaie, S. Heydarmah, E. Adhami, M. Najafi Ghiri,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (summer 2014)
Abstract
Rate of nonexchangeable K release can significantly influence K availability. Kinetics of K+ release was studied by extraction using 0.01 M CaCl2 in 12 surface calcareous soils of Kohgilouye Province. Results showed that cumulative K release ranged from 89.9 to 460.9 mg kg-1(Average 195.4 mg kg-1). Calcium carbonate, nonexchangeable K, cation exchange capacity and mica showed a significant correlation with K release. Maximum of potassium release was observed in Alfisols, probably because of high amount of clay content and the clay mineral of mica. The amount of K release was in the following order: Alfisols> Entisols> Inceptisols. Elovich, parabulic diffusion and power function equations could reasonably describe the K release kinetics. Fitting the data to these equations indicated that release of K is controlled by diffusion process.
S. Falahati, E. Adhami,
Volume 19, Issue 71 (spring 2015)
Abstract
Current study conducted to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and zeolite on the kinetics of nickel (Ni) fixation. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of two vermicompost levels (zero and 2 w/w percent), three zeolite levels (zero and 4 w/w percent of zeolite of Firoozkoh, and Semnan) and two soil textures (clay and sandy loam) in three replications. All treatments were spiked with 50 or 100 mg Ni kg-1. DTPA extractable Ni was determined after 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days. Ni availability was higher in sandy loam texture. Vermicompost application increased Ni availability in sandy loam texture in all the designated times. Zeolite application had no significant effect on Ni availability. The trend of Ni availability decrease was composed of two distinct stages with high and low Ni fixation rates. In the first step which continued up to 30 d, the available Ni fixation rate was high and then decreased sharply. Ni fixation data was suitably prescribed using simple Elovich and exponential equations. It seems that vermicompost has a greater effect to prevents Ni fixation and to retain it in available form in light texture soils. On the other hand, it seems that zeolite does not have any considerable effect on Ni fixation in calcareous soils.
G. Saadaat Zorieyeh, E. Adhami, R. Naghiha, H. R. Owliaie, R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to isolate and identify phosphorus solubilizing fungi and to evaluate their ability through a qualitative and quantitative experiment. An experiment was carried out with 5 soil samples of Koh- Sepid Lar, Kohgyloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The ability of isolates was studied in solid and liquid cultures. Quantitative experiment consisted of blank, four fungi isolates and Aspergilus niger, with 3 replications. Two fungi that showed the highest potential in P solubilization were used for identification by ITS- PCR methods. Four of the fungi produced very clear zone on the Pikovskaya culture. The order of soluble P content in the liquid culture was: blank< fungi 4< fungi 3< fungi 2< Aspergilus niger< fungi 1. Two high potential isolates, 1 and 2, were Cladosporium cladosporioides and Eupenicillium rubidurum, respectively. This is the first report about the potential of these fungi to solubilize P.
M. Hosseini, E. Adhami, H. R Owliaie,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is of special importance among heavy metals because its toxicity to the plant is 20 times higher than other heavy metals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the trend of available soil Cd changes over time and its relationship with soil properties. Treatments consisted of 13 soil samples and two Cd rates (12.5 and 25 mg kg-1) as a factorial in a complete randomized design with two replications. DTPA extractable Cd was measured upon 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days after adding Cd rates to the soils. The results showed that DTPA extractable Cd was increased as Cd application rates was raised in all soils. DTPA extractable Cd was decreased over time; however, at the end of the experiment, much of the added cadmium to the soil remained in use. Among the soil properties, calcium carbonate showed a significant negative correlation with DTPA extractable Cd in most of the incubation times in both Cd rates. DTPA extractable Cd also showed a significant negative correlation with pH and soil sand and a significant positive correlation with OC. Also, the results of the fitting of cadmium adsorption data with the kinetic equations showed that the exponential function equation was the most suitable kinetics descriptive equation for variations in cadmium adsorption in the studied soils.
A. Cheraghi Tabar, E. Adhami, H. R. Owliaie,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate zinc availability and forms, as well as their relationships with soil properties in some soil samples of Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. Sequential extraction included Mg(NO3)2 (soluble + exchangeable), NaOAc pH = 5 (carbonatic fraction), Na-hypochlorite at pH = 8.5 (organic fraction), hydroxylamine hydrochloride at pH 2 (Mn oxides associated Zn), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (amorphous Fe oxides associated Zn), ammonium oxalate (crystalline Fe oxides associated Zn), and HNO3 (the residual Zn). DTPA-Zn was in the range of 0.34-3.7 mg/kg. The results showed that soluble+ exchangeable, Mn oxides and crystalline Fe oxides associated Zn were not detectable by atomic absorption. Distribution of Zn fractions was in the order of Organic-Zn < Car-Zn < amorphous Fe oxides-Zn < Res-Zn. Organic matter bound Zn and amorphous Fe oxides associated Zn and the residual fractions showed a significant negative correlation with the calcium carbonate equivalent. It seemed s that calcium carbonates were the major factor in controlling the Zn content in the studied soils.
R. Azadikhah, M. Sedghiasl, E. Adhami, H. R. Owliaie, A. Karami, Sh. Saadipour,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil infiltration using geostatistics methods in a regional scale on 400 hectares of Mansour Abad Plain, in Larestan region, Fars Province. Sampling and parameters measurement were done for 78 points in a regular grid with a distance of 100*100 meters; for these variables, the best variogram model between linear, exponential, Gaussian and spherical models with the highest R2 and the lowest error was determined using GS+ and ArcGIS software. In this study, soil infiltration (cm/min) using the double ring method and some other soil properties including soil electrical conductivity (dS/m), pH, saturation percentage (%SP), particle size percentage (sand, silt and clay), and calcium (meq/lit), magnesium (meq/lit), sodium (meq/lit) were measured and determined. The spatial distribution of Kostiakov and Philip models parameters and theri zoning were determined using the geostatistic method. The results showed that, among different soil properties, the final infiltration rate had a high degree of variability in the study area, and the decision was based on the usual averaging methods, which could have a lot of error. Among applied infiltration models, Kostiakov model and Philip model were the best empirical and physical infiltratin models, respectively, in the studied area. The best semivariogram model for the steady state infiltration rate was Philip model, with the coeficients of S and A, and a coefficient of Kostiakove model was gaussian; for the b coefficient, Kostiakove model was exponential. Spatial structure of the final infiltration rate, a and b coefficients of Kostiakove model, and S and A coefficients of the Philip model, was strong. The best interpolation method for the final infiltration rate was cokriging with the cofactor of silt percentage, for the S coefficient of Philip model was inverse distance weighting (IDW); for a and b coefficients of Kostiakove model, kriging and IDW were suitable, respectively.
H. Owliaie, F. Mehmandoost, E. Adhami, R. Naghiha,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (winter 2020)
Abstract
The conversion of forests to agricultural lands generally has damaging effects on soil qualitative indices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use change on the physico- chemical and biological characteristics of the soils of Mokhtar Plain, Yasouj Region. Five soil samples (0- 30 cm) were taken from three land uses of dense forest, degraded forest, and dry farming. The physical, chemical and biological analyses were carried out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that by following the change in the forest land use to dry farming, the EC (56%), organic matter (67%), total nitrogen (71%), exchangeable potassium (48%), Basal respiration (42%), exhaled respiration (63%), fungi community (23%), acid phosphatase (59%), and alkaline phosphatase (79%) were decreased in the dry farming land use. However, the bacterial community (20%) and pH (5%) were increased in the dry farming land use and the amount of available phosphorus did not show any significant difference, as compared to the dense forest. In general, it can be concluded that by following forest degradation and change in land use, soil organic matter and its related indices, especially biological ones, are more affected. So, in order to maintain soil quality, appropriate management practices such as managed land use change, avoidance of tree cutting, especially on steep slopes, preventing of overgrazing, and addition of organic matter should be carried out in dry farming land use.
S. Falahati, E. Adhami, H. Owliaie,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Due to the importance of nickel (Ni), and the effect of common soil additives on Ni fractions distribution, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite and vermicompost on nickel fractions over time. The experimental design consisted of a factorial combination of two levels of vermicompost (zero and 2% by weight), three levels of zeolite (zero, 4% by weight of Firoozkooh zeolite, and 4% by weight of Semnan zeolite), and two soil texture (clay and sandy loam) in a completely randomized design in triplicates. Treatments were contaminated with 50 and 100 mg nickel/kg soil. Ni fractions were extracted and measured at 20 and 60 days. The results showed that in initial soils, Car-Ni in sandy loam soil was higher than in clay soil, while the content of Fe, Mn- Ox Ni, OM-Ni, and Res-Ni in the clay soil was higher. In sandy loam soil, more nickel was recovered in Exch- and Car-fractions, while nickel recovery was higher in Mn, Fe-Ox Ni, OM-Ni, and Res-Ni in the clay texture. Zeolite addition caused a significant decrease of Exch- and Car-Ni in the clay soil on 60d and 100 mg/kg Ni level. Exch-Ni was reduced due to vermicompost application. Vermicompost application caused the decrease in Fe, Mn Ox-Ni in both studied soils and times, and OM-Ni increased by vermicompost application. Aging generally reduces the Exch-Ni but changes in Car-Ni over time depending on the soil texture. Aging did not affect Mn, Fe-Ox Ni, and Res-Ni, while OM-Ni increased over time in clay soil.
H.r. Owliaie, E. Adhami, M. Najafi Ghiri,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Soil resources are important components of the ecosystem, and therefore, their quality should be considered. One of the important factors affecting the quality of soils is land use change. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use change and deforestation on some soil fertility and biological characteristics in the forest area of the Yasouj region. In this area, four land uses of dense forest, sparse forest, deforested (degraded) lands, and rainfed agriculture were randomly sampled from two slope classes. In each land use 10 soil surface samples were taken. Fifteen soil fertility and biological characteristics were measured using routine methods. The results showed that dense forest and deforested (degraded) lands had the best and worst conditions, respectively, in terms of the measured parameters. Among the measured characteristics, the values of alkaline phosphate, exhaled respiration, nitrogen, basal respiration, acid phosphatase, manganese, and zinc showed the greatest decrease respectively, and the values of phosphorus and potassium exhibited the least decrease, as a result of land use change from dense forest to degraded lands. The findings showed that the conversion of ecosystems such as forests to agricultural lands or deforestation has led to a severe decrease in the fertility and biological indicators of soil quality. Therefore, the protection programs of these areas should be more considered.
