F. Aghababaei, F. Raiesi,
Volume 15, Issue 56 (sumer 2011)
Abstract
The positive and beneficial effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the growth of various plants have already been documented. Most arable crops can mutually establish symbiosis with endo-mycorrhizal fungi, however, mycorrhizal associations with almond (prunus amygdalus), particularly in calcareous soils of arid and semi-arid regions, have not been studied. Thus, to realize the symbiotic association between mycorrhiza fungi and economically important native almond genotypes in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province, an experiment consisting of a randomized complete factorial design with three factors: almond genotypes (Mamaei, Rabee, Talkh, Sefid), soil phosphorus levels (0 and 150 kg P ha-1) and mycorrhizal treatments (almond inoculated with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and without inoculation) with three replications was conducted under greenhouse conditions by 4 months. Results showed that physiological traits including chlorophyll concentration, net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, were significantly increased for 20%, 300% and 300%, respectively in mycorrhizal almond plants, while transpiration rate was decreased
(8-10%). Although the genotype of almond and soil P were dependent on these factors, mycorrhiza species had the same effects. Increased available P in the soil enhanced the growth in all treatments and photosynthesis of nonmycorrhizal almonds.
H. Sarmadi, E. Salehi, L. Zebardast, M. Aghababaei,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Since the introduction of cities and urbanization, healthy water supplement and urban wastewater treatment have been considered as an important factor to evaluate progress in the urban areas. Tehran as a megacity is facing the lack of water. Tehran water supplement is far from its area; therefore, Tehran-Karaj plain has been considered in this study. So, Tehran water quantity index using the DPSIR model (Driving force, Pressure, Status, Impact and Response) in a period of 3 years (2008-2010) was considered in this paper. Driving forces included population, urbanization, green spaces, and industries. Pressures on urban water included water consumption, water losses, rainfall and evaporation. Then, Tehran water quantity status was investigated based on the existing water in dam reservoirs and groundwater resources. Their impacts on urban area were evaluated and finally, appropriate responses were presented. Some of the presented approaches included industries transmission, improvement of water consumption pattern, improvement of the water treatment plants status and unconventional water resources reuse, identification and rearrangement of subterranean, improvement of irrigation systems operation, and reduction of Tehran urban population.
