Showing 16 results for Alikhani
M. Alikhani, G.r. Ghorbani,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (fall 1999)
Abstract
To determine the best ratios of alfalfa hay to corn silage with similar dietary NDF, cation-anion balance, energy and protein content in the lactating dairy cows, eight mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows with average body weight of 570 kg, and milk yield of 22 kg/d with 3.5% fat, were assigned to each of four experimental diets with alfalfa hay to corn silage ratios of 100:0, 67:33, 33:67 and 0:100., in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with two replicates. Dry matter intake, digestibility, rumen degradability of DM, fat percentage and total solids in milk for diets one to four were 19.09, 19.94, 20.94, 20.90 kg/d 69.07, 65.75, 71.78, 49.82% 52.8, 49.6, 50.4, 46.7% 3.47, 3.53, 3.79, 3.93% 12.17, 12.17, 12.48, 12.60%, respectively. Diets containing 67% silage showed the highest dry matter intake, 3.2% FCM and digestibility. Degradability in rumen were highest and lowest in diets containing 100% alfalfa hay or corn silage, respectively. Increased ratios of silage to alfalfa hay corresponded to increases in milk fat and protein yield, milk protein percentage and total solids in milk.
A. Nikkhah, M. Alikhani, H. Amanlou, A. Samie,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (spring 2003)
Abstract
A ruminal in situ experiment using three fistulated ewes was conducted to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation of steam–flaked broomcorn (SFBr), ground broomcorn (GBr) and ground barley (GB). Grain samples were suspended in the rumen of sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Nylon bags were washed with tap water after removal. Effective degradability of DM at outflow rates of k = 0.05 and k = 0.08 h-1 was significantly higher for SFBr than for GBr (59 and 53% vs. 43 and 35%). SFBr has considerably higher soluble DM than GBr and GB. Insoluble DM of SFBr was lower than that of GBr and GB. Solubility of CP in broomcorn grain was significantly decreased by steam–flaking, but degradation rate of insoluble CP was not altered. Results from this study showed that SFBr supplies the major source of availabe nutrients for rumen microorganisms compared with GBr. In other words, using the most efficient processing method for ruminants will be necessary.
M. Alikhani, O. Fallahpour, G. Ghorbani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (spring 2004)
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of using macaroni wastes instead of barley on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition, and nutrient digestibility, eight lactating Holstein cows (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) in midlactation were used in a 44 Latin square design. The experimental periods were 21 d with 16 d for adjustment and 5 d for data collection. Treatments included a control diet (1) and diets 2, 3, and 4 containing 15, 30, and 45% macaroni wastes, respectively, which were fed three times a day as total mixed rations. During the last 5 days of each period, feed and fecal samples were taken for determination of DMI and apparent digestibilities and milk samples for fat, protein, lactose, and solids no fat (SNF). During the last day of collection period, urine samples were collected 3 and 5 h postfeeding for pH determination.
The results showed no significant differences among experimental traits in either primiparous or multiparous, and across all cows. Milk yield and efficiency of feed conversion were nonsignificantly higher for diets 2, 3, and 4 compared with control cows. Compared to the control diet, DMI, fat, protein and SNF percentages did not significantly decrease in diets 3 and 4. From the results of this expriment, it may be concluded that replacing barley with macaroni wastes up to 45 percent could increase energy intake without any adverse effects on milk production and composition or on metabolic function in midlactating dairy cows.
N. Mehrdad, M. Alikhani, G. R. Ghorbani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (summer 2004)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (3× 5× 3), three fistulated sheep with an average body weight of 47.5 ± 2.5 kg were used to determine the effect of cutting and growing stages (no bloom , early bloom and full bloom) on chemical composition and In situ degradability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Nylon bags (50 µm pore size) were filled with 3.5 g of each sample and suspended in the rumen before morning feeding and incubated for seven different times (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h). The results showed that alfalfa at no bloom stage had the highest crude protein and the lowest crude fiber content. The third – cut alfalfa had the highest degradability of dry matter and organic matter. Extent of degradability depended on crude fiber and solubility. During growth stage, the protein, soluble material and degradability levels decreased while crude fiber, neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP), and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) increased. The amount of ADICP was an estimate of unavailable crude protein in the rumen. Although the rate of organic matter degradation was maximum in full bloom, no significant difference was observed between the three stages of growth. Effective degradability (ED) of crude protein was significantly different among stages the growth (p<0.05). Effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) with a passage rate of 6%/h was significantly higher in the third cutting of alfalfa. The results of this study showed that first cutting and full bloom alfalfa had the lowest and fifth cutting and no bloom had the highest CP levels. The effect of cutting and growing stages on degradability parameters was variable and did not allow any firm conclusions to be made.
A. Asadi Alamoti, M. Alikhani, Gh. Ghorbani, A. Samie,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (fall 2004)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of millet silage prepared in laboratorial mini silos and to determine the effects of additives on its fermentation quality. Whole millet (Panicum milliaceum) was harvested at milk and soft-dough stages of maturity, left untreated or treated with ground barely, molasses, formic acid, lactic acid producing bacteria, and combination of molasses plus inoculant, and were ensiled in a completely randomized design in 2×6 factorial arrangement. Stage of maturity had no significant effect on NDF and ADF, buffering capacity, residual water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility however, values for dry matter, crude protein and pH were significantly different. Loss of dry matter, elevated NH3-N (24% of total nitrogen) and increased butyric and acetic acid levels (.2 and 1.33% DM, respectively) in control silage indicated clostridial fermentation. Between treatments, the lowest NH3-N was observed for silages treated with formic acid. Molasses and molasses plus inoculant produced higher lactic acid and lower butyric acid. Higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility showed positive effects of additive usage compared to control group. Addition of molasses and molasses plus inoculant resulted in higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (63.1 and 64.3 %, respectively), but no significant differences were observed between barely, formic acid and inoculant treated silages. Results of this study clearly showed the need for adding a source of water soluble carbohydrates to millet in order to obtain a good quality silage. Also inoculation of lactic acid bacteria does not necessarily promote homolactic fermentation if insufficient amounts of water soluble carbohydrates are presented.
S. A. Hadj Heidari, Gh. Ghorbani, M. Alikhani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (summer 2005)
Abstract
To compare the relative value of the fish meal and the cottonseed meal in highly fermentable diets (40% forage and 60% concentrate with), eight cows were assigned randomly to diets with 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percent of the fish meal. In the first experiment, the degradability of dry matter and crude protein of the fish meal, the cottonseed meal and concentrate in diets was estimated with different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h) with fistulated Ghezel sheep fed at maintenance level. The effective degradability of dry matter and the crude protein of fish meal was significantly lower than cottonseed meal (p<0.05). In different concentrates, there was no significant difference in effective degradability of dry matter but with the increase of fish meal the effective degradability of crude protein decreased significantly. In the second experiment, the eight multiparous Holstein cows with the similar milk production (25.37 ± 0.85) were examined in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with the 21-day period. There were no significant differences between the treatments in digestibility of OM, OM and CP, the dry matter intake, 3.2 % FCM, milk fat (%), milk lactose (%), milk total solid (%), and the yield of the milk fat, feed efficiency and body weights. Diets containing fish meal, compared to the control group, significantly higher milk production, milk protein (%), the yield of milk protein and lactose (p < 0.1), but the different levels of fish meal had no significant effect on these factors. The urea pH decreased significantly with the increase of the fish meal but rumen pH and fecal pH were unaffected. The results of the experiment indicated that diets with the 1.5 or 3% fish meal in cows with less than 30 kg milk is recommended.
M. Alikhani, A. A. Alamooti, Gh. R. Ghorbani, N. Sadeghi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (fall 2005)
Abstract
Whole plant sunflower and sunflower without head were ensiled in plastic containers using additives in a 2×2×2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Additives were molasses, urea (at 4 and 0.5 percent wet basis respectively), and a bacterial inoculant (Agros 6gr/ton of forage as manufacture’s instruction). Compared with silages without head, ensiling sunflower as whole plant resulted in lower pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash versus higher concentrations of crude protein and ether extract (EE). No significant effect of seed was observed on lactic acid concentration and dry matter degradability (P<0.05). With the addition of molasses, the cell wall components and the EE concentrations reduced, but dry matter content increased. Highest degradability of dry matter was also observed in molasses-treated silages (average 58.04, P<0.007). With the addition of urea a significant increase was seen in CP content of either whole plant or headless silages (P<0.0001) with no effect on other fermentation characteristics. Bacterial inoculation of silages elevated the levels of lactic acid (2.81% DM) with more pronounced effect on headless than whole plant silages. Regardless of type of additives, butyric acid concentrations were ideally minimal (near to 2%) indicating least clostridial damage. The qualitative visual evaluation of the silage on the basis of scale of 1-20 for the smel, colour and structure of the silage and giving number to the mold damage on the basis of 1-10 placed all the treatment in an acceptable quality, although the mold damage was highest in silages without molasses. Results of this experiment indicated that better quality of silalges could be provided by adding molasses and ensiling whole plant sunflower. Improving quality of silages contained molasses might necesitate the additiion of a source of water-soluble carbohydrate at ensiling.
M. Aghaalikhani, A. Ghalavand, A. Ala,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (winter 2006)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of plant densities (10, 13, 20 and 40 plant/m2 ) on the yield and yield components of two cultivars (Partow, Gohar) and a line (VC-1973A) of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] a field experiment was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) of Karaj in Summer 1998. This research carried out in a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The results indicated that VC-1973A line had the highest grain yield. This line has superiority to other cultivars, due to the early and uniformity of seed maturity and easy mechanized harvest. Plant density has a significant effect (p<0.01) on the grain yield, in such a way that the densities of 20 and 10 plant/m2 outyielded the highest (2221 kg/ha) and lowest (1650 kg/ha) grain yield respectively. Among the yield components, only the number of pods per plant indicated a significant difference due to the plant density. Correlation coefficient between attributes indicated that the plant height and height of first pod internode had a positive correlation with the plant density, while the correlation of the plant density with harvest index (HI), branch number and pod number per plant was negative. More over it seems that the pod number per plant is the most important components of mungbean’s yield, because it has a high (r = 0.88) and significant (p<0.01) correlation with the grain yield.
M. Sepehri, N. Saleh Rastin, H. Asadi Rahmani, H. Alikhani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (spring 2006)
Abstract
Heavy metals have deleterious the effects on nodulation and N2 fixation of Rhizobium- Legume symbiosis, due to their inhibitory effects on the growth and activity of both symbionts. This research has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of Cd tolerance of native rhizobial strains on diminution of the Cd detrimental effects on Sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments in this experiment included: plants inoculation with 6 bacterial strains (sensitive, partially tolerant and tolerant to Cd), 5 levels of Cadmium (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg soil) and non-inoculated control. In different levels of Cd, the effects of bacterial inoculation on root nodule number and total amount of nitrogen in plant shoot were compared. The results indicated that soil pollution by Cd even at 2 mg/kg had significant effect on symbiotic properties of rhizobial strains, and according to Cd tolerance of various strains, the mentioned effect was different. Decreasing effect of Cd concentration on root nodules and nitrogen concentration in plants that were inoculated with sensitive strains in comparison with plants inoculated with tolerant strains was 68.31% and 40.8%, respectively. In this research, R95m was introduced as the best strain because of its ability for nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
S. Rajaee, H. A. Alikhani, F. Raiesi,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (fall 2007)
Abstract
Azotobacter chroococcum is an important PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) producing compounds needed for plant growth. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different native strains of Azotobacter chroococcum on growth and yield of wheat under greenhouse counditions. Seeds of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Pishtaz) were inoculated with some Azotobacter chroococcum strains capable of producing IAA, HCN, sidrophore and fixing molecular nitrogen. The inoculation of wheat with those strains had a positive, significant effect on biological yield, seed protein percentage, thousand seed weight, leaf area, N, P, Fe and Zn uptake, in particular, by wheat. The increased growth of wheat was most likely due to the production of IAA and enhanced nitrogen fixation by inoculated strains. Some strains of Azotobacter chroococcum native to Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are established as PGPR. Results also support the efficiency of Azotobacter chroococcum as an important biofertilizer in wheat cropping systems. The selected strains had a significant effect on wheat growth and yield, including biological yield and seed quality under greenhouse counditions. This beneficial effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on wheat is attributed mainly to IAA production and, to some extent to non symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere. So, these strains can potentially be used to improve wheat nutrition of micronutrients such as Fe and Zn, in particular.
M. Aarab, M. Alikhani, S.h. Mosharaf,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (spring 2008)
Abstract
Eight hundred and fifty two multiparous Holstein cows in mid-lactation were used in a completely randomized and nested design with two treatments and three replications. Treatments were: 1) Isfahan and 2) Borkhar-Meymeh. Replications were: 1) class of one to five cows 2) class of six to ten cows and 3) class of eleven to twenty cows. Paired t-test was used for the comparison of nutrient consumption and requirement. The obtained results of one-year-old experiment indicated that township and different classes had no effect on consumption of dry matter intake (DMI), net energy lactating (NEL), metabolizable protein (MP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iodine (I), vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, rumen degradable protein (RDP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). Township had a significant effect on consumption of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) (P<0/05). Township and different classes had no effect on nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. The difference between consumption and requirement for kg DMI, Mcal/d NEL, g Mp, (g absorbable) Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Cl, S, mg per kg Se, Zn, Cu, I, Iu/d vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, g/d RDP, RUP, percentage of dry matter NDF, ADF and NFC were -1/6, -2/5, -630/2, -21/8, -5, 40/6, 0, -3/3, 44/2, -7/4, -3/11, -38/7, -3/26, -4/45, -14834, -234, -342/5, -542/5, -886, 28/5, 17/5 and -10/4, respectively. The difference between consumption and requirement was not significant for P, Mg and Na. This difference had a significant effect on the rest of nutrients (P<0/05). The results of this study indicated that we can feed dairy cattle by using diets containing protein supplements and mineral-vitamin premix and improve milk yield and percentage of milk protein's rural areas of Holstein cows.
M. Aarab, M. Alikhani, S.h. Mosharaf,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (spring 2008)
Abstract
Six hundred young calves, one month to three months old, were used in a completely randomized and nested design with two treatments and three replications. Treatments were: 1) Isfahan and 2) Borkhar-Meymeh. Replications were: 1) class of one to five cows 2) class of six to ten cows and 3) class of eleven to twenty cows. Paired t-test was used for comparison of nutrient consumption and requirement. Results of one-year-old experiment indicated that township and different classes had no effect on consumption of dry matter intake (whole milk and starter), net energy growth (NEg), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E. Treatments (township) had no significant effect on the nutrient requirements of young calves. The daily difference between consumption and requirement for DMI (whole milk Kg/d), DMI (starter Kg/d), NEg Mcal/Kg, CP g/d, percentage of dry matter Ca, P, Mg, Cl, K, Na, S, mg/kg Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Se, IU/kg vitamins A, D and E were -0/15, -0/092, -0/165, -17/7, -0/09, 0/1, 0/08, 0/53, 0/64, 0, 0/01, -0/1, -7/2, -0/32, -36/9, -14/1, -0/12, 0/5, -4499, -515 and -40/8, respectively. The difference between consumption and requirement had no significant effect on P, Na, S and Zn. This difference had a significant effect on the rest of nutrients (p <0/05). The results of this study indicated that young calves had received low DMI (whole milk and starter), NEg, CP, Ca, Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Se, vit A, vit D and vit E. This shortage can be compensated by increasing DMI (whole milk and starter) protein supplements, vitamin and mineral supplements .
M. Gholamhoseini, M. Aghaalikhani, M.j. Malakouti,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
In order to study the effect of various amounts of nitrogen (N) and Iranian natural zeolite on the quantitative and qualitative forage yield of winter canola (Brassica napus L.) in light soil, a field experiment was conducted on research farm of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, during 2006-2007. Treatments were arranged in the form of RCBD with 3 replications. The experimental treatments were based on factorial various levels of zeolite (0, 3, 6 and 9 t.ha-1) and nitrogen (90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1) in urea form. Seeds of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Okapi) were sown on October 2, and fresh forage was harvested at the time of silique formation (170 DAP). Results showed that the effect of N and zeolite on forage quantitative attributes including biomass, leaf and stem dry weight and leaf area index were statistically significant. In addition, forage qualitative traits including crude protein percentage and calcium percentage in plant mass were significantly affected by N and zeolite. Increasing application of N fertilizer caused increase in N leaching, and with increasing zeolite application, N leaching reduced. The interaction of two factors for all parameters was not significant. The most increasing effects on forage yield and quality were gained using 270 kg N ha-1 in combination with 9 t. Zeolite ha-1. More detailed studies are strongly recommended to investigate the effects of integrated application of chemical fertilizer and natural zeolite.
R Kowsar, Gh Ghorbani, M Alikhani, A Samie, M Khorvash,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
M. Ghorchiani, Gh. Akbari, H. A. Alikhani, M. Zarei, I. Allahdadi,
Volume 17, Issue 63 (Spring 2013)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria on phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, mycorrhizal dependence and grain yield and dry matter yield of maize under water deficit conditions, a field experiment was conducted as split-split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments in this experiment were included as follows: irrigation (normal irrigation and water deficit stress based on evaporation from class A pan evaporation) combined different seed inoculations with AM and Pseudomonas fluorescens and treatment of chemical phosphate fertilizer (non- consumption of phosphate fertilizer, consumption of 50 percent of triple superphosphate fertilizer needed, and consumption of rock phosphate, based on the quantity of consumed phosphorus of triple superphosphate source). The results showed that effects of irrigation, seed inoculation with AM and Pseudomonas fluorescens biological phosphate fertilizer and chemical phosphate fertilizer were significant on yield and yield components, dry matter yield, relative agronomic efficiency and root colonization. Mild stress significantly reduced grain yield, relative agronomic efficiency and fertilizer agronomic efficiency compared to optimum irrigation. Results showed that grain and dry matter yield are highly correlated with root colonization under mild stress condition. Maximum mycorrhizal dependence was obtained in mild stress condition. Maximum relative agronomic efficiency, fertilizer agronomic efficiency, yield and yield components was related to seed inoculation with AM and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The use of triple superphosphate fertilizer were increased grain yield in comparison with rock phosphate along with inoculation of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. However, maximum root colonization and mycorrhizal dependence was achieved in non- consumption treatment of phosphate fertilizer.
A. Taheri Tizro, H. Nozari, H. Alikhani,
Volume 20, Issue 76 (Summer 2016)
Abstract
To procure the status of groundwater level fluctuations in arid and semi-arid areas, it is necessary to obtain accurate forecast of fluctuations data. Time series as a linear model have been utilized to generate synthetic data and predict future groundwater level. Minitab17 software and monthly depth of groundwater level data of 20 years (1991-2011) for 25 piezometric wells of plain were used. Time series models of each well were selected and 5 years temporal forecasting was accomplished. The predicted depth of groundwater level data was converted to Groundwater level data using ARCGIS10 and GS+5.1.1 software. Ordinary kriging with a spherical variogram was selected for interpolation of groundwater level. Five years spatial forecasting was done and spatial forecasting and groundwater level drop forecasting maps were prepared. Forecasting results of groundwater level show that over the next 5 years, the area covered by two intervals of groundwater level, 1100-1140 m and 1140-1180 m, will increase and the area covered by three ranges of 1180 -1220 m, 1220-1260 m, and 1260-1300 m, will decline. Also, according to the 5-year groundwater level drop forecasting map of the plain, the highest level of groundwater level drop, more than 16 meters for Qasemabad bozorg areas, located in North East and central of the plain, and the lowest level of the groundwater level drop, about 0.5 m for Mohammad Abad Afkham Aldoleh Lands, located in outlet area of the plain, have been predicted.
