Showing 5 results for Banihashemi
M.r. Dehghani, M.j. Zamiri, E. Rowghani, Z. Banihashemi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (fall 2004)
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of treatment with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) on digestibility of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. pulp. Pleurotus sajor-caju was inoculated on sterilized wheat grains. Two weeks after growth at 25 °C it was added to the sterilized Glycyrrhiza glabra L. pulp in nylon bags. After two weeks (at 25 °C), mycelia grew on the pulp and were used for treatment. Digestibility coefficients were measured in 12 Ghezel rams. Dry matter, crude protein (CP) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) increased, but ash content, cell wall (NDF) and lignin (ADL) decreased significantly in fungal-treated as compared with non-treated pulps. Crude fiber (CF) and ADF contents were not significantly affected by the treatment. There was a tendency for crude fat (EE ether extract) to decrease by fungal treatment (p=0.08). Mean dry matter intake and digestibility coefficient of dry matter were higher in sheep which were fed the fungal-treated pulp compared with the control group. Digestibility coefficients of CP, CF, organic matter (OM), EE, NFE, NDF, ADF and ADL were significantly greater in fungal-treated pulp than in control group. Treatment with P. sajor-caju increased the nutritive value and digestibility of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. pulp (P<0.05), but culture of this fungus was not possible on non-sterilized pulp, which hinders its field application.
Z. Banihashemi, A. Sartipi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (fall 2004)
Abstract
Distribution of Phytophthora species associated with stone fruits decline in Fars was investigated. Of 36 isolates of Phytophthora recovered, 23 were identified as P. cactorum (mostly from infected crown) from almond, apricot, and peach and 13 isolates of P. nicorianae from crown and basal stem of almond and apricot from different environmental conditions. The reactions of crown and root of 6- month–old local almond cultivars, i. e., Mamaee, Moheb-Ali, Talkheh e- Najafabad (Isfahan Province), Talkheh Sadeh, and Sang Talkheh Riz from Neiriz (Fars Province), peach cultivar bitter pit and apricot cultivar Hallander from Isfahan to a virulent isolate of P. cactorum were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The inoculum of the pathogen was obtained by growing on vermiculate – hemp seed extract for 4-6 weeks and positioned around either crown or root system. Plant height, root and total weight of plants, lesion size, plant mortality, and percentage colinization of the pathogen on root and stem base were determined. The results indicated that almond cv. Mamaee was the most susceptible and almond cv. Talkheh-e-Najfabad, peach cv. bitter pit and apricot cv. Hallander were the most resistant rootstocks to P.cactorum. Comparative reactions of root and crown of various rootstocks to P. cactorum showed that although inoculation site (root or crown) in most cultivars was not significant to most characters measured, the interaction of cultivars × site of inoculation became significant for certain characters such as plant height, lesion size, root and total plant weight and mortality, indicating different reactions by root and crown to P. cactorum in some cultivars.
Z. Banihashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (summer 2005)
Abstract
The dissemination of Phytophthora spp. in the surface irrigation water was studied during 1993-94 in Marvdasht area and certain other parts of Fars province. Monthly the water samples were taken along 100Km of the Kor river 22Km up stream from the Doroudzan Dam to about 80Km down stream to Mardvdasht where Sivand and Kor rivers joined. The other sampling locations includede the Maeen river adjecent to the Dam, and the Sivand river from Dashte-Morghab to Mardasht. Few samples were also obtained from Shapour and Dalaky rivers and also from Yasouj and the Sisakht regions in Khkilueh and Boir Ahmad. The water temperature, pH and EC were measured and samples were assayed on the same day of the collection. The water sample was filtered through the two layers of the cheese cloth and about 1L was placed in a plastic container (30 × 20 Cm) 2-3C deep and 100 fresh citrus leaf disks (6mm dia) were also added and incubated at the room temprature. After 48hr, disks were collected, washed, blotted dry and plated on Phytophthora were collected, washed, blotted dry and plated on Phytophthora selective medium (PARPH). At least 50 disks were used in the 5 plates for each sample. The five to 8 boiled hemp seeds were placed on each growing colony and transferred to the distilled water, after 12hr for sporangium production. The Phytophthora species were idenified by their morphological characteristic and temperature requirement. Phytophthora spp. were present in the most rivers except the Shapour and Dalaky. The predominant species were non-popilate high temperature (above 35C) species mainly P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri. In some cases P. capcisi and the other unidentified species were also detected. Phytophthora spp. were present throughout the year but the lowest population was detected during winter months. The fluctuation of the phytophthora population and the other water microorganisms in the Kor river after shiraz petrochemical complex during the growing season was very high, but sometimes reduced to zero (perhaps due to the water pollution). No Phytophthora colonies were detected in the dam lake or in the most cases in the cement canals.
A. H. Mohammadi, Z. Banihashemi,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is an important economic crop, which is mostly planted in saline conditions in Iran. Verticillium wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae is known as a serious disease for pistachio trees. The causal agent was recovered from shoot and soil samples collected from main pistachio growing areas in Kerman province. The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of salinity on disease using three common P. vera rootstocks including Sarakhs, Badami-e-Zarand and Qazvini and four levels of salinity (0, 1400, 2800 and 4200 mg NaCl per kg soil) in hydroponic culture (1/2 strength Hoagland,s solution). Salt stress was applied before inoculation on ten week old seedlings. The experiment was carried out as factorial in RCD with four replications. Two weeks after salt stress induction, four seedlings were transplanted into pots containing 5 kg sandy-clay virgin soil artificially infested with 40 microsclerotia per gram of soil with equal salinity. In NaCl treatments, Sarakhs showed lower shoot and root dry weight and higher concentration of Na, K and Cl than the other rootstocks. Based on the results, Sarakhs, Qazvini and Badami were found to be susceptible, tolerant and intermediate to NaCl, respectively. In the presence of V. dahliae, salt stress significantly reduced shoot and root dry weight and increased stem and root colonization by the pathogen and Na, K and Cl concentration compared to non-stressed inoculated plants. Sarakhs had higher percentage of colonization of stem and root by V. dahliae and concentration of Na, K and Cl than other cultivars. As a general conclusion, salt stress before inoculation by V. dahliae can increase the severity of Verticillium wilt of pistachio, especially in salt-sensitive rootstocks.
S. Banihashemi , S. S. Eslamian, B. Nazari,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
The upcoming climate change has become a serious concern for the human society. These changes, caused and aggravated by the industrial activities of the international community and the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, are seen as a threat to the food security and environment. Temperature change and precipitation are studied in the form of different probabilistic scenarios in order to have an outlook for the future. The present study was conducted to address the effects of climate changes on temperature and precipitation in Qazvin plain in the form of five AOGCMs including Hadcm3, CSIRO-MK3, GFDL, CGCM3 and MICROC3.2, and 3 greenhouse gas emission scenarios of A1B, A2 and B1, based on different possible scenario combinations in the next 30 years, 2021-2050 and 2051-2080 (near and far future). On basis of the study results, all 4 target stations, on average, will have experienced a change between two ratios of 0.5 and 1.4 of the observed precipitation period by the end of 2050, and the mean temperature will have had a change between -0.1 to 1.6 °C, relative to the observed period. By the end of 2080, the precipitation will also have fluctuated between the two proportions of 0.5 and 1.7 times of the observed precipitation period and the mean temperature will touch an increase between 0.6 and 2.6 °C. Both SPI and SPEI indices suggest the increment in the number of dry periods in the near and far future. However, the total number of negative sequences differed considering the 3, 12 and 24-month intervals at the stations level. Given the SPEI index, as compared to the base period, the total negative sequences of drought and number of dry periods will increase at 3 stations of Avaj, Bagh-Kowsar and Shahid-rajaei-powerhouse and decrease at Qazvin station in the future; however, SPI gives different results, such that for Bagh-Kowsar, there will be an increase in both total negative sequences of drought and number of dry periods, as compared to the baseline period; three other stations will have more dry periods, specifically, but less total negative sequences. The results reported that the drought events would become severe, and the wet events would become extreme in the future.
