B. Mostafazadeh, M. Farzamnia,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (fall 2000)
Abstract
In this research, the hydraulic behavior of furrow irrigation was investigated under cut-back, Walker-Skogerboe and conventional methods at the three experimental farms of Lavark, Shervedan, and Isfahan University of Technology for three irrigation events. In each farm, data were collected for each of the above methods with at least three replications including furrow shape, furrow length, furrow slope, soil texture, advance and furrow inflow and outflow.
The parameters of Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration function were determined using the volume balance method. The deep percolation ratio, runoff ratio and application efficiency were then computed.
The results showed that deep percolation ratio was higher in the cut-back method as compared to the Walker-Skogerboe method (18.6% as compared to 13.7%) and the runoff ratio was less in the cut-back method as compared to those in the Walker-Skogerboe and conventional methods (12.4% as compared to 16 and 20.6%, respectively). The effect of the two parameters of deep percolation ratio and runoff ratio caused, in general, the application efficiency to be less in the conventional method than those in the cut-back and Walker-Skogerboe methods (42.7% as compared to 69 and 70%, respectively). In general, the cut-back method had a higher application efficiency in heavy texture soils as compared to light texture soils (73.9% as compared to 51.2%).
M. Farzamnia, F. Abbasi,
Volume 15, Issue 55 (spring 2011)
Abstract
Qanat is a traditional structure that provides water without spending much energy and expense. Therefore, in eastern regions where there are no big rivers available qanat can play an important role in public economy and should be taken into consideration. The regions around Kerman such as Joupar, Mahan, Bam, Narmashir and Fahraj have many qanats with high discharges. Therefore, protection of this water resource is essential in view of either our cultural heritage or water resources. For this reason, in the present research exploitation problems, water distribution, planting pattern, and variation of water quality and quantity in 15 qanats of Kerman province were studied. Results showed that qanats’ discharges have changed in long run and had a noticeable decrease in the recent decade, and as a result planting pattern and areas in downstream fields have been changed. In the above mentioned fields, average water conveyance efficiency and roughness coefficient in water canals and mean application efficiency were 83.6 percent, 0.024 and 59.3 percent, respectively. Mean water productivity for cultivated crops such as wheat, alfalfa, sugar beet, grain corn, forage corn, watermelon was 0.43, 0.51, 0.31, 0.65, 4.75, 8, and for horticultural crops such as pistachio, almond, date palm, citrus, and stone and pome fruit was 0.52, 0.3, 0.66, 1.1, and 0.54 kg/m3, respectively. Based on the results, the main problems of qanats are the lack of necessary budget allocation by agricultural organizations, digging deep wells on qanats border, technical issues, exploitation, and maintenance management problems.
M. Farzamnia, M. Miran Zadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The present study was carried out in the Mahyar region of Esfahan Province to determine optimum drip tape spacing for the wheat crops on a silty clay loam soil respecting grain yield as well as yield components, water use efficiency, and variations in the salinity within the soil profile. The experiment was performed for three years from 2017 to 2019 with a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments. The treatments consisted of three tape spacings (A) at 45, (B) at 60, (C) at 75 cm, and the Control (D) was irrigated with the basin method. The same volume of irrigated water was applied to the drip treatments, A, B, and C in every irrigation interval, whereas for treatment D, the local farmers’ practice was followed. Based on the results from compound variance analysis, the treatment effect on both grain yield and biological yield, and on water use efficiency and harvest index was significant at 1% and 5% level of confidence, respectively. The mean water use efficiency in treatments A, B, C, and D was measured as 0.79, 0.79, 0.73, and 0.78 kg m-3; thus, treatments A, B, and D outperformed treatment C. A comparison between the salinity of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the growing season revealed that the basin irrigation method was more effective on salt leaching than the drip tape system. The results of this study indicated that concerning water use efficiency and crop yield, drip tapes spaced at 45 or 60 cm outperformed those which were 75 cm apart. On the other hand, the work required for irrigation system installation as well as the amount of drip tape residues left on the field at the end of the growing season is larger for tapes spaced at 45 cm compared to those which are 60 cm apart. This will have a significant impact on farmers’ budgets and environmental issues. Therefore, it is recommended to lay the tapes 60 cm apart for the irrigation of wheat crops on silty clay loam soils.
M. Farzamnia, M. Akbari, M. Heidarisoltanabadi,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
The agricultural sector depends largely upon water and energy resources to fulfill sufficient water for producing adequate food for the rapidly growing world’s population. It requires great effort to improve water and energy productivity for agricultural products to provide consumers’ health as well as environmental protection. In this study, the volume of irrigated water, crop yield, water productivity, and the consumed energy for onion crops irrigated with sprinkler or surface irrigation methods under farmer management were measured and compared. The measurements were recorded from 2020 to 2021, on 17 farms across Esfahan Province where onion was a main crop in the region. The measured data from the foregoing two irrigation methods were statistically analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The outcomes revealed that the volume of irrigated water as well as crop yield was greater for surface irrigation method compared to sprinkler irrigation, and the differences were statistically significant. Moreover, water productivity for onions irrigated with a sprinkler irrigation system was significantly higher (p<0.01) in comparison with onions irrigated with the surface method. In addition, the results indicated a significantly direct correlation between the volume of irrigated water and onion yield, whereas a significantly indirect correlation was observed between the volume of irrigated water and water productivity. A significantly inverse correlation was found between the productivity of energy for irrigation and energy consumption; so, an increase in the energy for irrigation resulted in a decrease in energy productivity. Based on the results of this study, the sprinkler method is more effective than the surface for irrigation of onion.
