Showing 4 results for Ghafari
M Hoseeini Ghafari, Gh Ghorbani, H Rahmani,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the influence of two intermittent (1wk) and abrupt drying off methods on udder health index of dairy cows with 30d dry period. Eighteen multiparous dairy cows were dried off approximately 4 wk prior to the expected calving time in a completely randomized design. For intermittent milk cessation treatment, cows were dried off in the following manner. Milk samples were collected from front and rear quarters at 7d to 3d prior to drying off, at drying off, 14d, 7d prior to calving, at calving, and 7d post calving. Milk yield at drying off day was recorded. Lacteal secretion samples were stored at -18Ċ and used for lactoferrin quantitation. Other samples were stored at 4Ċ for somatic cell count, total bacteria count and other milk components. The results indicated that, there were no differences in fat, protein and lactose percentages and milk pH between two drying off methods (P>0.05). However, there was a significant effect of drying off methods on lactoferrin concentration it was higher in dairy cows dried off by intermittent milk cessation, applied in 2 and 1 wk prior to calving time (P<0.01). Total bacteria count was not different in the two drying off methods. Milk total bacteria counts was higher in rear quarters compared to front quarters (P<0.05). Milk somatic cell counts were higher in cows dried off by abrupt milk cessation (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between milk somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts (r = 0.352, P<0.01). No significant difference was observed in colostrum and milk lactoferrin concentration, somatic cell counts, fat, protein and lactose percentages, between rear and front quarters. With respect to higher lactoferrin concentration in cows dried off by intermittent milk cessation and due to antibacterial action of lactoferrin against mastitis pathogens, it seem that intermittent milk cessation treatment is preferred for cows given short dry period.
L. Khodakarami, A. Soffianian, N. Mirghafari, M. Afyuni, A. Golshahi,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (winter 2012)
Abstract
Among the environmental pollutants, heavy metals according to their irresolvable and physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations, are of special importance These elements due to low mobility are gradually accumulated in soil Being accumulated in soil, they eventually enter the food chains and threaten human health and other creatures Therefore, studying concentration distribution of heavy metals for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality is essential In this study we investigated the effect of agricultural land use and geology on the concentration of heavy metals contamination of soil and spatial distribution map, using collected data, GIS and GeostatisticsUsing systematic stratified random sampling, 135 surface soil samples( 0-20 cm) from an area of 7262 sq km area and we measured total concentration of elements Nickel, Chromium and Cobalt and soil characteristics including pH, organic matter and texture. The mean value of elements concentrations turned out to be Cr: 88.9+22.7 Co: 17.6+3.5 Ni 63.1+17.7 mg per kg and the mean acidity is 7.8 which in the area is an indication …… property. Formetal concentrations interpolation procedures, Geostatistics was used. By the aid of spatial correlation analysis, appropriate interpolation method using functions mean absolute error and bias average error were selected. Interpolation map concentrations of heavy metals Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel with ordinary kriging method and the exponential model were developed Interpolation map analysis of heavy metals by the aid of geological and land use maps show that the distribution of the elements Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel are consistent with the geology classes However, they did not match the agriculture pattern Findings of this study in the area give us appropriate information about the concentration distribution of heavy metals Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel which can be used in monitoring and evaluation processes of heavy metals pollution in agricultural lands area. But on the other hand sampling in the areas far away from human effects, showed that the heavy metals concentration is naturally high.
M. Touzandejani, A. Soffianin, N. Mirghafari,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Among the heavy metals, arsenic is known as a carcinogen material and its high concentrations in the ecosystem can be a major concern for public health and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk map of arsenic contamination and the possibility of its entering into the food chain using the fuzzy method in the central part of the Hamedan-Bahar plain. For this purpose, arsenic concentration in 94 points of groundwater and 49 points of surface soil was analyzed and evaluated in the study area. Soil physico-chemical parameters (clay, organic matter and pH), soil and groundwater contamination probability map, and land use map were selected as the input of this method. In the fuzzy method, two operators (and & or) were used. In order to standardize the parameters, the fuzzy linear function was used. Comparing the classified risk assessment using these operators showed that the results of the operator had the maximum trust. So in areas where concentrations of arsenic in soil and groundwater were high, the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, organic matter and clay content of the soil were low and agriculture products had a high ability to absorb heavy metals and ensure its better to use for the operator.
H. Ghafari, M. A. Zomorodian,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Special Issue of Flood and Soil Erosion, Winter 2019)
Abstract
One of the main reasons for bridge failure is the local scour around the pier. Pier groups are popular in the structural designs due to economical and geotechnical reasons. The mechanism of scouring at the pier groups is more complicated than the single one. In this study, the scour around group piers in the sandy soil and a mixture of sand and clay in some relative compaction equal to 90% and the optimum moisture was studied. The arrangement of the group piers was 1pier * 3pier and 3pier * 1pier along and transverse of the flow direction, respectively, at the interval space of D, 2D and 2.5D intervals. The effect of the Bentonite clay content was investigated. Finally, by using Kaolinite clay, the effect of the clay mineral was studied. The results showed that the scouring depth was different not only in cohesive and non- cohesive soils, but also according to the type of the clay mineral. The use of 10% bentonite clay mixed with sand reduced scour more than 90%, as compared to the sandy soil. On the other hand, using 15% of kaolin in the similar conditions reduced scour depth by only a 34%, in comparison to the sandy soil.
