M. Falahati-Anbaran, A. A. Habashi, M. Esfahany, S. A. Mohammadi, B. Ghareyazie,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (fall 2006)
Abstract
Annual medics are used for hey production, soil protection, biological fixation of N2 and green manure. In the present study, the inter and intra specific genetic diversity and relatedness of 4 diploid and two tetraploid (M. rugosa and M. scutellata) annual medics were evaluated using microsatellite markers. PCR analysis was performed on genomic DNA from individual plant and PCR products were detected using standard polyacrylamide sequencing gel. Totally twenty five polymorphic alleles were observed in the studied species. Average intra-specific genetic diversity ranged from zero (0.0) in both M. rugosa and M. scutellata to 0.114 in M. minima species, and the level of genetic diversity was similar in both M. orbicularis and M. truncatula species. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to partition the overall genetic diversity into within and among species, and between diploids and tetraploids. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) inter and intra-specific genetic variation. Pairwise comparisons based on Fst indicated significant differences among all of the species. Clustering analysis using UPGMA algorithm based on coancestary coefficient revealed a clear genetic relationship among species. The hypothesis on a common origin of two tetraploid species was supported by UPGMA clustering and phylogenetic analysis. The high level of Genetic diversity in spiny pod species respect to spineless pod species suggested the high importance of species with spiny pods in annual medics evolution. The findings support the usefulness of microsatellite markers for assessing inter and intra specific genetic diversity, differentiation and genetic relationships.
A Habashi, A Mousavi, M Kaviani, S Khoshkam, A Rostami,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (fall 2009)
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is propagated traditionally through offshoots or suckers, which usually appear at or below the ground level surrounding the stem base. However, there are many problems associated with this system. Offshoots are produced in limited number and vegetative propagation through them is slow, laborious, time consuming and expensive. The present study was conducted to determine the best micropropagation protocol for date palm in Kebab, Estameran, Piarom, and Berehi cultivars. The shoot apical meristem from two to three-year-old offshoots was used as source of explants. They were cultured in callus initiation medium, containing different concentrations of 2,4-D (40, 60, 80 and 100 mgl-1), NAA (10 and 20 mgl-1) and 2ip (3 and 5 mgl-1). All cultivars produced high percentage of callus with good quality in a matter of callus friability and color in 100 mgL-1 2,4-D, 20 mgL-1 NAA, and 3 mgL-1 2ip. Kabkab cultivar was superior for callus production (87.25%) in comparison with other cultivars. The calli were then transferred to a proliferation medium and then transferred to somatic embryogenesis medium containing different concentrations of Kinetin (2, 4 and 6 mgL-1), BAP (2, 4 and 6 mgL-1), and NAA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mgL-1). Somatic embryogenesis was observed in MS medium supplemented with 2 mgL-1 kinetin, 2 mgL-1 BAP, and 0.1 mgL-1 NAA. Kabkab and Estameran cultivars showed higher somatic embryogenesis in comparison with other two cultivars. The somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium without hormones under light, where they produced shoots and roots. Abbriviations: 2,4-D- 2,4-dichlorophenoxiaceticacid 2ip-N6(2-isopentenyl)adenine NAA-Naphthalene acetic Acid BAP-6-Benzylaminopurine MS-Murashige and skoog (1962).
