Showing 14 results for J. Pourreza
M. Bouyeh, J. Pourreza, A. H. Samie,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (winter 2002)
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of 240 Hy-Line W36 layers. Ten experimental diets were tested in a 2×5 factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design. Two basal diets (13 and 14% protein) were tested at different levels (10 and 20% lower than NRC, NRC and 10 and 20% above NRC recommendations). Dietary lysine levels were 0.56, 0.62, 0.69, 0.76 and 0.83%. During the three months of experimental period, egg production, egg weight, egg output, feed intake and conversion and lysine and protein intake were determined.
The results indicated that 0.76% lysine and more (10 and 20% above NRC recommendation) with 13% dietary protein led to significantly (P<0.05) higher egg production, egg output and better feed conversion, but there was no significant difference regarding egg weight. The difference in performance with different levels of lysine was lower in the 14% dietary protein than that in the 13% one. In the 14% dietary protein, the lowest level (0.56%) of lysine led to significantly (P<0.05) lower egg production and egg output and higher feed conversion. The best performance with the 14% dietary protein belonged to 0.62% dietary lysine (10% below NRC recommendation). The 14% dietary protein had significantly (P<0.05) higher egg production, egg output and feed intake than the 13% dietary protein, regardless of dietary lysine but there was no significant difference regarding egg weight and feed conversion. The best and most economical performance belonged to the 0.76% lysine and 13% protein diet. The results of this experiment indicated that reducing dietary protein and addition of lysine to the diets of post peak laying hens can obtain an equal performance to the higher dietary protein, thus reducing production costs.
Y. Ebrahim Nejad, J. Pourreza,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (winter 2002)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of ionophore drugs (Salinomycin, Lasalocid and their combinations) on the performance of broiler chicks. Also their relationships with methionine (three levels) were evaluated. 1215 one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (Arian) were divided into 81 groups, 15 chicks per group, and tested in a completely randomized design with a 3×3×3 factorial experiment. Three drug types with three levels (0.0, the recommended level and 1.5 times the recommended level) of drugs and three levels (0.0, 0.1% and 0.2%) of supplemental methionine were used.
The results indicated that the effect of sex on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, percentage of bone ash and percentage of abdominal fat was significant (P<0.0l). Drug type had no effect on the characteristics under study. Drug level influenced percentage of bone ash, percentage of eviscerated carcass, and percentage of abdominal fat significantly (P<0.0l), (P<0.01) and (P<0.00l), respectively. Also methionine level influenced cholesterol and triglyceride (P<0.0l) significantly. Interaction effect of drug type and drug level on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride was significant (P<0.05). Interaction effect of drug and methionine level on cholesterol and triglyceride was significant (P<0.0l). The results showed that levels of this drug influenced carcass composition and also supplemental methionine had no influence on the modulating effect of these drugs on carcass composition.
J. Pourreza, H. Classen,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (fall 2002)
Abstract
Effect of supplemental phytase on phosphorus and protein utilization and performance of broiler chickens fed on eight different wheat varieties were evaluated. The phytate contents of wheat varieties were determined. In a completely randomized design with a 8*3 factorial arrangement, 384 day-old commercial male brioler chicks (HubbardPeterson) were divided into 96 groups, four chicks per group. Each of the 24 experimental diets (eight varieties) and three levels of phytase (zero, 500 and 1000 FTU/Kg) were given to four replicates for a period of 21 days. At 21 days of age, chickens of each replicate were weighed and killed by cervical dislocation. Ileal contents were collected and analyzed for P, N, phytate and chromic oxide. Left tibia of two birds in each replicate were removed, pooled and stored at -20oC for bone ash determination. There was a significant (P<0.03) difference in phytate contents between different wheat varieties. Effect of wheat varieties on body weight, feed conversion ratio and bone ash was significant (P<0.05). Added phytase improved body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and bone ash significantly (P<0.05). Phytase added at 500 FTU/Kg, improved protein digestibility significantly (P<0.01), but increasing the supplement to 1000 FTU/Kg had no further effect. Difference between enzyme levels (500 and 1000 FTU/Kg) was not significant regarding body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and bone ash. Overall addition of phytase to the diets containing wheat caused an improvement in performance, protein digestibility, and phytase phosphorus utilization in broiler chickens, and can, therefore, be used in diets to reduce feed cost and environmental problems.
N. Mahboobi Soofiani, S. K. Allameh Fani, Z. Faizi, J. Pourreza,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (spring 2003)
Abstract
The present experiment evaluated the effects of fat (Kilka fish oil) levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) in the diet (35% constant protein) on performance of rainbow trout. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, 200 grower fish with an average weight of 200±11 gr, each. They were randomly divided into 20 groups of 10 fish per group reared in separate pens. Fish were acclimated to the experimental conditions for 10 days before treatments began and then the experiment was performed over a period of 8 weeks. Measured criteria were weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF) and flesh chemical composition (fat, protein, ash), and fat stored in liver. Results showed that the diet with 15 percent fat content had significantly (P<0.05) better WG and FCR than other diets, but no significant differences were observed for SGR and CF. Diets with 15 and 20 percent fat contents caused the highest fat content in meat and liver and showed significant differences (P<0.05) with the meat and liver fat content in fish fed fat-free diets. Diet with 15 percent fat content caused significantly (P<0.05) lowest protein content in meat. No significant differences were observed in the ash content of the flesh. From the results of the present study, the level of 15 percent Kilka fish oil is recommended for the rainbow trout diet.
M. Pakdel, J. Pourreza, S. Ansari,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (fall 2003)
Abstract
In a 3×3 factorial experiment, 90 72-week-old native breeder hens of Isfahan were kept in cages (one bird/cage). The effect of three levels of dietary calcium (3.27, 2.62, and 1.96%) and three levels of dietary available phosphorus (0.25, 0.20, and 0.15%) on egg production and egg shell traits were investigated. Each treatment contained five replicates of two birds (10 birds per treatment). The experimental diets were fed 8 weeks (from 72 to 80 weeks of age).
Dietary calcium and available phosphorus levels had no significant effects on feed consumption, shell thickness and shell breaking strength. Decreasing dietary calcium or available phosphorus levels (1.96% calcium and 0.15% available phosphorus) caused a significant (P<0.05) linear increase in egg production, egg weight and improvement in feed conversion. The results from this study showed that high egg production, maximum calcium retention in the shell and optimum feed conversion were observed in native breeder hens during late growing period with 1.96% calcium and 0.15% available phosphorus.
E. Ebrahimi, J. Pourreza, S. V. Panamariov, A Kamali, A. Hosaini,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (summer 2004)
Abstract
A 3×4 factorial experiment was conducted for 45 days to determine the effects of diets containing different levels of protein and fat on growth of fingerlings Beluga (Huso huso L.1758). Twelve different diets were formulated with 3 levels of protein (45,50 and 55) and 4 levels of oil including fish oil and sunflower oil (0.5 ,4 , 8 and 12). 1260 Beluga fingerlings with an initial body weight (IBW) of 2.2 gram, after adaptation to the experimental conditions, were selected and stocked randomly into 36 fiberglass tanks (100 water volume) at 35 fish per tank, and fed on experimental diets for 45 days. Two ways analysis of variance showed that the percentage of body weight increase (%BWI), specific growth rate (SGR),protein efficiency ratio (PER), food concumpsion ratio, and productive protein value (PPV) content were significantly (P<0.05) affected by different protein and fat levels. Fishes fed on diets No.3 (containing 45% protein and 14 % lipid) and No.8 (containing 50% protein and 17 % lipid) showed the highest increase in body weight percentage, the best specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and lowest food concumption ratio. Besides, the highest productive protein value was observed in diet No.2 (45% protein and 10.5% lipid) and diet No.3 (45% protein and 14 % lipid).Comparison of chemical composition of examined fish corps indicated a significant difference in their protein and lipid contents (P<0.05). However, the composition of the diet, revealed no significant changes on the dry matter and ash content of the body. Based on the findings of the present study 45-50% dietary crude protein is recommended for the optimum growth of Beluga fingerling. Moreover, the rate of needed lipid for optimum growth of fingerling range is from 14 to17 percents.
J. Pourreza, M.a. Edriss, H. Khosravinia, A. Aghaee,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (fall 2004)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design, the effects of six different additive compounds including limestone, hydrochloric acid, zeolite, aluminum sulfate, pad ammoniac, and fatty acids on nitrogen, pH, temperature, moisture, water soluble phosphorus, and microbial count of litter of broiler chicken were investigated. Each compound was added at a level of one kg/m2 of litter. Six–hundred-and-sixteen (616) day- old broiler chickens (both sexes) were divided into 28 groups, 22 chicks per group. Four replications were allocated to each treatment from 1 to 56 days. All groups were fed with the same diet. Litter moisture was not affected by the treatment. Experimental treatments significantly (p<0.05) influenced the litter pH on day 21. The lowest pH was obtained with aluminum sulfate and the highest pH was obtained with limestone. At the end of the experimental period, all treatments had nearly the same pH levels. Litter temperature was not affected by the treatments . Experimental treatments had a significant (p<0.05) effect on litter nitrogen and bacterial count. Correlation between litter pH and nitrogen was significant and negative (r = -0.95, p<0.05). Effect of treatments on soluble P was significant and the lowest soluble P belonged to aluminum sulfate and pad ammoniac. Correlation between soluble P and pH was positive (r = 0.48, p<0.05). The results showed that some chemical compounds can be used to reduce litter pH, nitrogen, and soluble P and their effectiveness diminishes as chicks grow older.
F. Shir-Mohammad, N. Mahboobi Soofiani, J. Pourreza,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (winter 2005)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of phytase and copper supplementaion on growth and carcass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), in a completely randomized design with 3 ×2 factorial arrangement with three replicates the experimental diets including three levels of phytase 0, 500 and 1000 (FYT) kg-1 and two levels of copper 0 and 15 mg/kg were tested. Diets contained 0.72 percent total phosphorus. One hundred and forty four carps with a mean weight of 207±23 g were selected and allocated in eighteen cages (8 fish per cage). The experiment was carried out for 8 weeks and 2 weeks for acclimatization. Phytase supplementation caused no significant differences in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass index (CI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), liver, carcass and blood composition but increased apparent phosphorous digestibility (APD) significantly (P<0.04). Copper supplementation also caused no significant differences in WG, FCR, CI, PER, APD, liver copper, carcass composition, cholesterol (Ch), triglycride (TG), phosphorus of serum but decreased liver fat significantly (P<0.004) and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) of serum (P<0.02). Interactions between phytase and copper on WG (P<0.01), FCR (P<0.04), PER (P<0.03), liver copper (P<0.02) and TG of serum (P<0.001) were significant. This experiment suggests the presence of antagonistic effect between phytase and supplemental copper. Phytase enzyme improved some parameters of growth and carcass composition of common carp without supplemental copper but addition of copper to the diets with phytase enzyme impaired the improved performance of carp.
A. Aghaei, J. Pourreza, A. Pourreza, A. Samee,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (summer 2005)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of substitution of the different levels (0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of oat grains for the corn with and without enzyme supplementation (β -Glucanase. 0.0 and 1%) on the performance of the broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty (480) Arian broiler chicks were employed in a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications (16 chickens for each replicate) from 1-56 days of age. The chicks fed with 10 percent of oats in the diets, supplemented with enzyme, had significantly higher BW than other treatments. While with 40 % oat in diet body weight were significantly decreased. The feed conversion increased with increasing of the oats levels and the enzyme supplementation resulted in lower feed conversion. With increasing oats in the diet, the percentage of carcass weight decreased, but the pancreas weight increased significantly. Conversely, the enzyme supplementation resulted an increase in carcass weight and reduction in the pancreas weight. The percentage of the tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were unsignificaulty decreased with the increasing of the oat but enzyme lementation resulted an increase in tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus. In the areas where the corn production is limited, including 30 percent of the oats supplemented with enzyme in the diet of the broiler chicks can be beneficial.
M. Rezaei, H. Nassiri Moghaddam, J. Pourreza, H. Kermanshahi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (winter 2006)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted with the male Ross broiler chicks from 1 to 42 days of age to test the effects of different dietary protein and lysine levels on performance, carcass characteristics, and N excretion. Treatment diets consisted of three levels of supplemental lysine in starter and grower period (0, 0.15, and 0.30 %) and the two levels of protein (20.84, 17.84 in starter, and 18.12, 16.12% in grower period) with 2900 Kcal ME/kg diet. The results indicated that the Reducing dietary protein decreased significantly the weight gain in starter, grower, and total period up to 6, 4.6, and 5.6%respectively (P<0.05). It also decreased the feed consumption in starter period (P<0.05). Decreasing dietary protein had no significant effect on gain to feed ratio and breast meat yield, but increased abdominal fat percentage significantly (P<0.05). Increasing dietary lysine increased the feed consumption in starter and weight gain, gain to feed ratio in grower and total period of the experiment (P<0.05). Increasing lysine in diet caused a significant increase in breast meat and tight yield, and percentage. Adding supplemental lysine reduced the N excretion in starter period significantly (P<0.059). N excretion reduced significantly by decreasing dietary protein (P <0.05). Dietary treatments had not significant effect on mortality percentage. The results of the present experiment indicated that with providing limiting amino acids and adding supplemental lysine to diet, the crude protein could be reduced up to 3 and 2 percent in starter and grower periods respectively. Reducing the crude protein had not adverse effect on the feed efficiency.
A. Hassanabadi, H. Nassiri Moghaddam, H. Kermanshahi, J. Pourreza, D. Korver,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (winter 2006)
Abstract
In the current experiment seven catheterized broiler breeder hens were used at 60 weeks of age. Retention of 14CO2 in the body of the hens following continuous infusion of NaH14CO3 during each of tow-30-hr continuous infusion studies was determined. Oxidation rate plateau was established within two hours in each experiment. Recovery of 14CO2 at the steady state in the first and second study were 91.09 and 87.55 percent respectively and were not significantly different. Mean breath 14CO2 recovery was 89.32 percent and hence retention was 10.68 percent. Recovery of 14CO2 in breath was not significantly affected by laying of egg or photoperiod. Recovery of 14CO2 during the fed state was significantly lower than the fasted state. The results of this experiment indicated that, using of uncorrected data for the retained isotope into body, lead to 10.68 percent AA requirements underestimation in broiler breeder hens by indicator amino acid oxidation technique.
M. J. Agah, J. Pourreza, A. Samie, H. R. Rahmani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (summer 2006)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of (Kabuli) chickpea grains with different processing methods on the performance of broilers. In a factorial experiment with completely randomized design, 576 Rose broiler chicks were divided into 16 treatments with three replications of 12 chicks each. The first factor comprised three levels of chickpea (10, 20 and 30 percent) in ration, and the second factor five processing methods of chickpea (raw, cooked for 10 and 20 mins, and soaked for 24 and 48 hrs). Treatments included one control ration (without chickpea) and 15 experimental rations, all of which were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The experimental period lasted 8 weeks for the 1 to 56 day old chicks. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio were determined at three age periods of 7 to 21, 7 to 42 and 7 to 56 days. Carcass, abdominal fat, intestine and pancreas weight percentages to live weight were measured. Maximum body weight gain belonged to chickens fed on %30 chickpea grains soaked for 48h in age periods of 7 to 42 and 7 to 56 days, which was significantly different from control diet (P<0.05). The effect of chickpea grains levels and processing methods on chicken feed intake in age periods of 7 to 56 days was not significant. Interaction effects of chickpea levels with processing methods on feed conversion ratio in three age periods was not significant either. The effect of chickpea grains levels and processing methods on carcass, abdominal fat and intestine weight percentages to live weight were not significant except for the pancreas weight percentage (P<0.05). Therefore, it seems that chickpea grain is a suitable source of energy and protein in broiler diet (20% as raw or 30% as soaked for 48% h) when soyabean meals and corn grains are unavailable.
M. R. Ebadi, J. Pourreza, M. A. Edriss, J. Jamalian, A. H. Samie, S. A. Mirhadi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (winter 2007)
Abstract
In order to assess and determine amino acids profile and their availability in different sorghum grain (SG) varieties, three SG varieties including low tannin (0.09% , LTS), medium tannin (0.19%, MTS) and high tannin (0.37%, HTS) were grown at the same location. The grains were analysed for their proximate analyses, tannin and amino acids. True amino acid availability (TAAA) was obtained by Sibbald’s method using ceacectomized single comb leghorn cockerels. The results showed that methionine and cystine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, respectively in LTS and MTS. But in HTS, lysine (0.166%) was the first and methionine (0.176%) was the second limiting amino acid. Methionine content was 0.114% , 0.182% and 0.176% for LTS, MTS and HTS, respectively. Although, crude protein was lower in HTS (10%) than the other SG, but histidine, methionine and isoleucine were higher for HTS in comparison to LTS and MTS. TAAA decreased when tannin content increased and all amino acids had a lower availability in HTS than LTS and MTS (P<0.05). Methionine in HTS and LTS and glutamic acid in MTS had the highest availability. The availability of proline was most affected by tannin, and its availability was 91.55% for LTS, 84.82% for MTS and 22.82% for HTS (P<0.05).
A.a. Gheisari, A.h. Pourabadeh, J. Pourreza, M. Mahlougi, R. Bahadoran,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (fall 2007)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine chemical composition and evaluated apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and true metabolisable energy (TME) values of five Iranian barley cultivars. Basal diet contained corn soybean and in each of the test diets barley was substituted for 30% of corn and soybean fractions. The study was carried out in 3 experiments. In experiment 1, metabolisable energy (ME) values were measured by both total collection and markers (chromic oxide) in excreta of 35-d-old chicks. In experiment 2, ME values of the barley cultivars were determined by ileal digesta procedure. In experiment 3, 36 48-d-old broiler chicks (used in experiment 1 and 2) were used to determine TME and the nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) of the barley cultivars. Highly significant differences (P<0.05) between bioassay methods were observed on average barley ME values. The average barley AMEn value measured by ileal digesta method was significantly (P<0.05) higher than excreta (total collection and markers in excreta) (2716 Vs. 2318 and 2124 kcal/kg, respectively). Barley ME values were influenced by cultivar (P<0.05) and the hullless cultivar showed greater AME value than the hulled cultivars (2695 vs. 2407.5 kcal/kg AME 2630 vs. 2324.7 kcal/kg AMEn). Cultivar had no significant effect on barley TME value. It was concluded that there is high variation between energy contents of Iranian barley cultivars. In addition, ileal digesta was found not to be an accurate bioassay for determination of barley AME value in broiler chicks.
