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Showing 4 results for Okhravi
Effect of Guide Vanes on Discharge Coefficient of Rectangular Sharp-Crested Side Weirs
S. Samiee, M. Heidarpour, S. Okhravi,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract

Side weir is the structure to evacuate extra water from a canal when level of water rises. This structure is mounted on the wall of canal. It is used predominantly to set flow in irrigation and drainage systems or urban wastewater harvesting systems. Implementing guide vanes is a simple way to increase side weir efficiency. In this study, the effect of using guide vanes on discharge and discharge coefficient of rectangular sharp-crested side weirs was investigated. ADV instrument was applied for recording vertical velocity over the crest of side weir. Local discharge was calculated by vertical velocity data for both conditions of presence and no presence of guide vanes. Results showed that in both cases, increasing the Froude number results in the decrease of passing discharge and discharge coefficient of the rectangular sharp-crested side weir. Data analysis also showed that by increasing the Froude number, guide vanes have more effect on increasing discharge coefficient and local discharge. The local discharge increased along the crest and the most passing local discharge occurred near the end of the side weir.  Analysis indicates that using guide vanes leads to the increase of discharge coefficient by about 32%.


Investigation of Flow Distribution on Retention Time and Hydraulic Behavior of a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (Case Study: Isfahan)
S. S. Okhravi, S. S. Eslamian, N. Fathianpour, M. Heidarpour,
Volume 19, Issue 74 (Winter 2016)
Abstract

In addition to kinematic description of biological reaction, flow pattern plays an important role in designing constructed wetlands. This study investigates the effects of flow distribution on constructed sub-surface horizontal flow wetland with a length of 26 m, width of 4 m and 1% bed slope in order to understand internal hydraulic functioning patterns. Inlet configuration is selected as a variable parameter. Three different cases of inlet and outlet configurations were 1) midpoint, 2) corner, and 3) uniform. Outlet has been fixed in all configurations. Uranine tracer was used to determine the influences of flow distribution by drawing hydraulic retention time curve in different cases. Results showed that mean residence times for each configuration were equal to 4.53, 3.24 and 4.65 days, respectively.  Retention time distribution curve provided conditions, not only for showing dispersion patterns throughout system but also for interpreting hydraulic parameters like hydraulic efficiency and effective volume. According to the retention time curve, effective volume was 87.5% in configurations 1 and 3, and 62.1% in configuration 2 following numerous short-circuiting ratios. Finally, the best configuration of inlet-outlet layout to improve the performance of effluent treatment and use the geometry effectively was found to be the uniform-midpoint based on physical experiments followed by midpoint–midpoint as the second best.


The Numerical and Experimental Study of Scouring Pattern around Direct and Polo-Shaped Groynes
M. Khalaj, S. Gohari, S. S. Okhravi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Experimental and numerical study of scouring pattern on the direct and polo-shaped groynes have been investigated in this paper. In this study, direct and polo-shaped groynes models with a length of 0.12 meter have been used in discharges of 10.5, 15, 20 liters per second in a direct flume. The results showed that the maximum scour depth formed around the groyne head of direct and polo-shaped types has increased with augmentation of flow discharge, which was 0.095 and 0.104 meter in the case of 20 L/s discharge respectively. Also, the width of scour hole was 2.25 and 2 times of effective length of the groyne in direct and polo-shaped groynes respectively. In this regards, maximum scour depth around the head of groyne was seen 0.87 and 0.79 times of the effective length of the groyne. Sand form located at downstream of the direct groyne at the distance of 0.09 and 0.15 meters from the side wall of direct groyne was stretched and extended to about 1.3 times of the channel width as well. While the length of the sand form for direct groyne was 1.15 times of the channel width. Overall, the dimensions of the scour hole around the polo-shaped groyne, was less than the direct groyne. In addition to understanding the hydraulic behaviour around the groyne, Flow3D software was used. Statistical survey of the results obtained by experimental and numerical models attested that the relative error of the numerical model could be about 20%, which shows an appropriate performance of using Flow3D for predicting the maximum scour depth.

Local Scour at Single Column Arrangement of Bridge Piles Group
S. Okhravi, S. Gohari,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
In regard to wide piers, the pile group rather than single pile is used frequently to bear the loading of the structure in a particular arrangement; piles group composed of only one column of piles in the flow direction has a great effect on supporting the bridge deck. In this study, local scour at a single column arrangement of the piles group made up of four rows of piles characterized by different piles spacing was studied for clear-water conditions with two flow discharges of 20 and 35 l/s (the effect of increasing the flow depth with the same flow intensity). The results indicated that an increase in the flow depth not only greatly enhanced the scour depth and the width of the scour hole. Besides, the investigation of the relative flow depth on scour extent showed the need for revision in deep water conditions, as reported in the literature. The results of the pile group experiments revealed the noticeable impacts of piles spacing on the local scour. The bigger pile spacing caused a feeble interaction of wake-horseshoe vortices, leading to a decrease of the scour depth; the separate view of the scour holes was generated at individual piles. Finally, the results were compared with commonly used comprehensive models. The findings of this study can be applied for the appropriate selection and positioning for the countermeasure of the scour at bridge piers.

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