Showing 16 results for Shams
M.r. Lak, M. Shamsbakhsh, M. Bahar,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (spring 2002)
Abstract
During the summer of 1998, leaf and pod blight symptoms of bean were observed in Arak, The survey in the following year showed that the disease had an increasing trend in bean-growing regions of Markazi Province. It appeared that more severe losses occurred in fields equipped with sprinkler irrigation system. Symptoms of diseased plants consisted of formation of irregular necrotic lesions on leaves surrounded by yellow halo. Under favourable conditions, these lesions gradually expanded and heavily infected leaves became blighted. The primary symptoms on infected pods were the development of water soaked spots which later turned to dark or reddish blotches. In attempts to investigate the causal agent, two types of a Gram negative bacteria with raised, yellow and translucent colonies were isolated from leaves and pods of blighted beans. All strains produced Xanthomonadin pigment and their inoculation on young bean plants induced disease symptoms similar to those observed under field conditions. Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, the predominant pathogenic type was identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. However, the other strain with the same properties, but capable of producing melanin pigment in nutrient media, was assigned to X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans.
H. Arzani, M. Jangjo, H. Shams, S. Mohtashamnia, M. A. Fashami, H. Ahmadi, M. Jafari, A. A. Darvishsefat, E. Shahriary,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (spring 2006)
Abstract
Range suitability and its grazing capability are the most important criteria in rangeland analysis and monitoring. Determination and monitoring of factors affecting on range suitability and diagnosis of them are important .All range ecosystem components affect range suitability. Which among them physical and vegetational factors, forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered. The objective of this research was to determine range suitability of Lar, Dasht bakan, Ardestan, Siahrood rangelands to design a model for sheep grazing. This study was carried out in four regions, two of them (Siahrood and Lar) located in Alborz mountain chain, Ardestan in center of Iran and Dashtbakan in Zagros mountain chain. According to the results among physical factors, slope remoteness of watering points and sensitivity to erosion had more effect on grazing capability than vegetation factors. In Siahrood watershed aboundancy of poisonous plants, high slope, transient watering points and non resistant formations were limiting factors. High slope, sensitivity of soils and stones to erosion, kind of exploitation in Lar watershed affected range suitability. In Ardestan watershed, low range productivity, presence of invader plants, erosion, remoteness of watering points are major limitation of range suitability. In Dasht Bakan factors including slope, elevation, dispersion of water resources and transient water resources were limited grazing capability. In land evaluation each land utilization type has certain land use requirement and each land unit has certain land qualities. Utilization of rangeland based on grazing capacity, range readiness and recreation of degraded rangeland can improve suitability of rangelands in the studied areas.
M. Shamsaddin Saied, H. Farahbakhsh, A. A Maghsoodi Mude,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (fall 2007)
Abstract
In order to study the effects of salinity on germination, vegetative growth and some physiological characteristics of canola cultivars, two experiments were conducted at Research Station of Agricultural College of University of Kerman in 2004. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with four replications. Treatments comprised all combinations of different levels of three factors including variety (Kobra × Regent, Ceres and Okapi), salt type (NaCl, CaCl2) and electrical conductivity of saline solution (0, 4, 8, 12 dS/m). Results of variance analysis showed that salinity has a very significant effect on germination percentage, germination homogeneity, germination rate, rootlet and polomul length at the end of the germination stage. Shoot length, dry weight, diameter and number of nodes per shoot were significantly affected also by salinity at vegetative growth. Regarding the two types of salt, none of the measured traits were significantly different. All the mentioned traits decreased with increasing salinity the highest and the lowest values were recorded at control and at 12 dS/m salinity levels. Membrane ion leakage was the only trait which increased significantly. Comparison of means showed germination percentage and germination homogeneity at germination stage and the number of nodes at vegetative growth stage were affected less than other traits by salinity, and they only decreased significantly with increasing salinity to 12dS/m. The effect of cultivar on these traits was also significant (P<0.001). In both growth stages, cultivars response to salinity was different. At germination stage, Ceres and Kobra * Regent cultivars were the most sensitive and tolerant ones in terms of all traits and there was no significant difference between Okapi and Kobra *Regent. At vegetative growth stage, however, Okapi showed less growth than Kobra * Regent and their difference was significant. It seems that evaluation of traits response at germination stage can not be effective to determine salt tolerance of canola cultivars.
M. Shamseddin, H. Farahbakhsh ,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (spring 2008)
Abstract
To study the effect of salt stress on quantitative and qualitative parameters of canola (Brassica napuse. L) cultivars, and determine the possible mechanisms of salt tolerance and the best salt tolerance indices, an experiment was conducted under a rain-shelter at experimental field of university of Kerman in 2004. The experimental design was a complete randomized block (RCOD) with four replications. Treatments consisted of all combinations of different levels of three factors including variety (Kobra×Regent, Ceres and Okapi), salt types (NaCl and CaCl2) and electrical conductivity of saline solution (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). All treatments were randomly distributed in each replication. Results of the analysis of variance showed that grain yield, yield components, oil and protein contents were significantly affected by salinity (P< 0.001). All the mentioned traits reduced with increasing salinity. It was also found that there were significant differences among genotypes for the mentioned traits. Cultivar of Kobra×Regent showed the highest values of the above traits except for the oil content. Proline, protein and sugar contents were also affected significantly by salinity (P<0.001). The highest and lowest sugar concentrations and protein contents were recorded for control and 12dS/m treatments, respectively. Proline content showed a reverse response and increased with increasing salinity. Mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI) are suggested to be the most suitable indices in order to select genotypes of high productivity under both stress and normal conditions. Based on these results, Kobra*Regent was selected as the most tolerant cultivar.
O. Ashayerizadeh, B. Dastar , M. Shams Shargh, M. Khomeiri,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (spring 2008)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the performance and intestinal microflora population of broiler chicks in diets supplemented with Roxarsone, Avilamycin and Formycin gold during starter period. A basal diet was formulated according to NRC (1994) recommendation for starter (0-21 d) period and also supplemented with appropriate amounts of the mentioned growth promoters. Each of the treatment was fed to 5 replicates of 18 Ross 308 male broilers. The birds were raised on pen floor for 21 days. The microflora population in crop and ileum parts was measured on appropriate bacteriological media. Results of experiment indicated that supplementation of Roxarsone and Avilamycin, especially their combination to broiler diets, significantly improved body weigh gain of birds (P<0.05). Feed consumption and feed conversion ratios were not affected by any of the mentioned growth promoters. Adding all the growth promoters to the basal diet, except for the treatment of 0.05 percent Formycin gold, decreased total bacterial numbers in crop and ileum parts. Broilers fed diets containing Roxarsone plus Avilamycin had the lowest total bacterial population and were significantly different from those fed the basal diet (P<0.05). Supplementing broiler diets with all the growth promoters increased lactic acid bacteria population in crop, and decreased coliforms population in ileum parts. Lactic acid bacteria population was the highest in broilers fed Roxarsone plus Avilamycin and coliforms population was the lowest in birds fed 0.2 percent Formycin gold, being significantly different from basal diet (P<0.05).
S. M. Naser Alavi, M. Shamsaddin Saeid,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
To study the effects of plant densities and planting orientation on the seed and forage yield of sorghum, an experiment was conducted at Hossein- Abad – Shahcal village –90 kilometers south of Bam-in 2002. The experiment was a factorial with randomized complete block deisgn and three replications. The treatments were: orientation with three levels (South-North, East – West, Northeast – Southwest) and plant densities with four levels (50000, 70000, 90000, 110000 plants per hectare). Results of analysis of variance showed that planting orientation had significant effects on seed yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of tillers, dry matter yield, length and diameter of shoot. Mean comparisons, showed that the maximum and minimum amount of the above mentioned traits except for shoot length was obtained under the North-South and East-West orientations, respectively. Significant differences were also found among densities in terms of all the mentioned traits. Results showed that increasing density decreased seed yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of tillers and shoot diameter. The highest and lowest values (except of seed yield) were recorded for 50000 and 110000 plants/per hectare, respectively. Dry matter yield and the shoot length increased with increasing density. Based on the results of this experiment, the best plant densities to obtain the highest forage and seed yield are 70000 and 110000 plant per hectare, respectively and the best planting orientation is North-South.
B Salari, M Shamsedin Said, A Askarian Sardari,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (fall 2009)
Abstract
In order to study the effect of NaCl priming on some agronomical and physiological traits of corn (single cross 704), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Bahonar University of Kerman in 2005. The experimental design was completely randomized designs with 3 replications. Treatments were a combination of all different levels of two factors including salinity levels (1, 4, 8, 12, 16 dS/m) and salinity solution for NaCl priming (1, 4, 8, 12, 16 dS/m). Results showed that salinity and NaCl priming had significant effects on total emergence, mean time to emergence, root and stem length, number of leaf, relative water content, ion leakage and K+/Na+. Mean comparison showed that increasing salinity decreased all plant characteristics (with the exception of mean time to emergence and ion leakage) by %49.5, %33.49, %23.97, %18.64, %14.05 and %40.20, respectively. However, increasing salinity led to 1.2 and 1.3 increase in mean time to emergence and ion leakage of leaves, respectively. Mean comparison also showed that NaCl priming decreased negative effects of salt stress, and all mentioned traits under NaCl priming increased as compared with control. The results showed that NaCl priming is a useful method for increasing salt tolerance in corn plant.
S. Shamsi Mahmoodabadi, F. Khormali,
Volume 15, Issue 55 (spring 2011)
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different land uses on soil development, a loess hillslope was selected in Agh-Su area, eastern Golestan Province. Six profiles in four land uses including pasture, Quercuse natural forest, Cupressus artificial forest and a cultivated land, were dug and studied. Samples from different horizons were collected for physico-chemical and microscopic analyses. Important physical and chemical attributes such as bulk density (Bd), mean weight diameter (MWD), Organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil calcium carbonate (CCE) and available P were compared in land uses. Organic matter, CEC and MWD were significantly lower in the cultivated land use. Organic matter content in the forest and pasture area was considerably higher than that of cultivated land use. Soil profile development studies revealed that forest soils were highly developed. Quercus natural forest soils were classified as Calcic Argixerolls. Unlike cultivated soils which showed the minimum development and were classified as Typic Calcixerepts, formation of argillic horizon with dominant speckled b-fabric in the natural forest indicated the high landscape stability. Crystallitic b-fabric of horizons showed the absence of enough leaching of carbonate and the subsequent migration of clay particles. Intense erosion of the surface horizons of cultivated land use resulted in the outcropping of the subsurface carbonate rich horizon preventing soil development. The soils of pasture and Cuprecuse soils had mollic epipedon and were classified as Typic Calcixerolls with moderate development. Micromorphological properties of soils can help consider changes in pedogenic processes occurring under different land covers.
T. Honar, A. Sabet-Sarvestani, A. Sepaskhah, A. A. Kamgar-Haghighi1, Sh. Shams,
Volume 16, Issue 59 (spring 2012)
Abstract
In recent years, simulatiom modelling of yield has been the focus of attention for many researchers. Because, while reducing adminestrative costs, it can easily provide simulation models of different situations. In this study, while a subroutine on simulation of canola was added to CRPSM model, effect of different water treatments on canola was also investigated. In this research, canola (Talaye) under 5 irrigation treatments (full irrigation treatment during the growing period, water stress treatment at the spring re-growth stage, the flowering stage and pod formation, the grain formation stage and dry land treatment) was sown in complete randomized block designs at the college of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2007-2008, and then the model was calibrated based on available information (soil-location -plant-water). Review of statistical indicators between simulated and measured yield show high accuracy in the estimation of crop yield (R2=0.98) and soil water content. The result of model validation with independent data series also showed that the result of soil water content is desirable except in dry treatment, and the corrolation coeficient between simulated and measured crop yield (R2=0.98) was acceptable.
V. Moradinasab, M. Shirvani, M. Shamsaee, M. R. Babaee,
Volume 19, Issue 74 (Winter 2016)
Abstract
Mobarakeh Steel Complex has been using treated industrial wastewater for irrigation of green space to combat water shortage and prevent environmental pollution. This study was performed to assess the impact of short-, middle-, and long-term wastewater irrigation on soil quality attributes in green space of this complex. Soils were sampled from the wet bulb produced by under-tree trickles in three depths of forested lands irrigated with treated wastewater (for 2, 6 and 18 years) or groundwater. Several chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil samples were determined in the laboratory and compared to those of the native unirrigated soils as the controls. The results showed that pH was significantly reduced in the wastewater-irrigated soils as compared to the control. Organic matter content and cation exchange capacity significantly increased in the irrigated soils due to the incorporation of tree leaves into soil. Soil salinity also increased as the irrigation period increased because of the relatively high salinity of water and wastewater used for irrigation. Microbial basal respiration and arginine ammonification were greater in the irrigated soils in comparison to the control. In general, forestation and irrigation management have improved most of the soil quality indexes in the Mobarakeh Steel Complex green space, but some soil characteristics, such as salinity, need to be monitored and improved in future.
M. Shamsalddin Saied, A. Ghanbari, M. Ramroudi, A. Khezri,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (Spring 2017)
Abstract
Cover crops, conservation tillage systems and organic fertilizers have played an important role in maintaining or enhancing soil quality. In order to assess the combined effects of these techniques on soil quality an experiment was conducted as split Plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2011-2012.
The method of return of cover crops to soil included reduced tillage (disc) and no-till (herbicide glyphosate + cutting) as the main factor and manure application management included cover crops (wheat, canola and peas) without the use of urea, cover crops with a consumption of 25 t/ha of manure, Cover crop with 75 kg of urea and fallow treatments (without cover crop) as subplots. The results showed that the highest concentration of nutrients (except N and P concentrations in the plant), the nutrient yield and biomass of cover crops belonged to wheat treated with urea fertilizer. Soil properties such as bulk density, pH, organic matter and soil nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were significantly affected by fertilizer management and the method of return of cover crops to soil (except pH) and soil organic matter content and nutrient concentration were affected by their interactions. In wheat cover crop treatments with urea with %27.53 reduction in bulk density, %20.88 increase in the porosity, organic matter 2.4 times and nitrogen 1.5 times compared to the fallow treatment was the best treatment that wasn’t significantly different from the wheat treated with manure in low- tillage system. Wheat treated by manure had the highest phosphorus that was 3.5 times of the phosphorus concentration in the fallow treatment. So, in order to develop sustainable agriculture, reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and environmental protection, the wheat cover crop treatments with manure and low- tillage cropping systems would be appropriate in Kerman.
B. Shahinejad, A. Parsaei, A. Haghizadeh, A. Arshia, Z. Shamsi,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
In this research, soft computational models including multiple adaptive spline regression model (MARS) and data group classification model (GMDH) were used to estimate the geometric dimensions of stable alluvial channels including channel surface width (w), flow depth (h), and longitudinal slope (S) and the results of the developed models were compared with the multilayer neural network (MLP) model. To develop the models, the flow rate parameters (Q), the average particle size in the floor and body (d50) as well as the shear stress (t) as input and the parameters of water surface width (w), flow depth (h), and longitudinal slope (S) were used as output parameters. Soft computing models were developed in two scenarios based on raw parameters and dimensionless form independent and dependent parameters. The results showed that the statistical characteristics in estimating w, the best performance is related to the MARS model, whose statistical indicators of accuracy in the training stage are R2 = 0.902, RMSE=1.666 and in the test phase is R2 = 0.844, RMSE=2.317. In estimating the channel depth, the performance of both GMDH and MARS models is approximately equal, both of which were developed based on the dimensionless form of flow rate as the input variable. The statistical indicators of both models in the training stage are R2 » 0.90, RMSE » 8.15 and in the test phase is R2 » 0.90, RMSE = 7.40. The best performance of the developed models in estimating the longitudinal slope of the channel was related to both MARS and GMDH models, although, in part, the accuracy of the GMDH model with statistical indicators R2 = 0.942, RMSE = 0.0011 in the training phase and R2 = 0.925, RMSE = 0.0014 in the experimental stage is more than the MARS model.
B. Shahinejad, A. Parsaei, H. Yonesi, Z. Shamsi, A. Arshia,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
In the present study, the flow rate in flues containing lateral semi-cylinders (SMBF) was simulated and estimated under free and submerged conditions using back vector machine models (SVM), spin multivariate adaptive regression (MARS), and multilayer artificial neural network (MLPNN) model. In free flow mode, the dimensionless parameters extracted from the dimensional analysis include the ratio of upstream flow to throat width and contraction ratio (throat width to channel width), and in the submerged state, in addition to these two parameters, the depth-to-throat width, and bottom-depth parameters upstream depth were used as input and the two-dimensional form of flow rate was used as the output of the models. The results showed that in free flow mode in the validation stage, the MARS model with statistical indices of R2 = 0.985, RMSE = 0.008, MAPE = 0.87%, and the SVM model with statistical indices of R2 = 0.971, RMSE = 0.0012, MAPE =1.376%, and MLPNN model with statistical indices of R2 = 0.973, RMSE = 0.011, MAPE = 1.304% have modeled and predicted the flow rate. In the submerged state, the statistical indices of the developed MARS model were R2 = 0.978, RMSE = 0.018, MAPE = 3.6%, and the statistical indices of the SVM model were R2 = 0.988, RMSE = 0.014, 2%. MAPE = 4, and the statistical indicators of the MLPNN model were R2 = 0.966, RMSE = 0.022, and MAPE = 5.7%. In the development of SVM and MLPNN models, radial kernel and hyperbolic tangent functions were used, respectively.
M. Majedi Asl, T. Omidpour Alavian, M. Kouhdaragh, V. Shamsi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Non-linear weirs meanwhile economic advantages, have more passing flow capacity than linear weirs. These weirs have higher discharge efficiency with less free height upstream compared to linear weirs by increasing the length of the crown at a certain width. Intelligent algorithms have found a valuable place among researchers due to their great ability to discover complex and hidden relationships between effective independent parameters and dependent parameters, as well as saving money and time. In this research, the performance of support vector machine (SVM) and gene expression programming algorithm (GEP) in predicting the discharge coefficient of arched non-linear weirs was investigated using 243 laboratory data series for the first scenario and 247 laboratory data series for the second scenario. The geometric and hydraulic parameters were used in this research including the water load (HT), weir height (P), total water load ratio (HT/p), arc cycle angle (Ɵ), cycle wall angle (α), and discharge coefficient (Cd). The results of artificial intelligence showed that the combination of parameters (Cd, H_T/p, α, Ɵ) respectively in GEP and SVM algorithms in the training phase related to the first scenario (Labyrinth weir with cycle wall angle 6 degrees) were respectively equal to (R2=0.9811), (RMSE=0.02120), (DC=0.9807), and (R2=0.9896), (RMSE=0.0189), (DC=0.9871) in the second scenario (Labyrinth weir with a cycle wall angle of 12 degrees) it was equal to (R2=0.9770), (RMSE=0.0193), (RMSE=0.9768), and (R2 = 0.9908), (RMSE = 0.0128), (DC = 0.9905), which compared to other combinations has led to the most optimal output that shows the very favorable accuracy of both algorithms in predicting the coefficient the Weir discharge is arched non-linear. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that the effective parameter in determining the discharge coefficient of the arched non-linear Weir in GEP and in SVM is the total water load ratio parameter (HT/p). Comparing the results of this research with other researchers revealed that the evaluation indices for GEP and SVM algorithms of this research had better estimates than other researchers.
Z. Naderizadeh, H. Khademi, A. Shamsollah,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Although several reports are available on the distribution of Palygorskite in the soils of arid regions of Iran, there is not much information about the presence and abundance of this important fibrous clay mineral in the soils of Bushehr Province. This research was carried out: (1) to investigate the distribution of Palygorskite and other major associated clay minerals, and (2) to evaluate the relationship between the relative quantity of Palygorskite in clay-sized fraction and the most important soil properties in Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province. Five geomorphic surfaces including eroded rock outcrop, rock outcrop, dissected hill, alluvial fan, and alluvial plain were identified in the study area using Google Earth images and field observations. After sampling representative pedons, the clay mineralogy of two horizons from each pedon was determined. X-ray diffractograms and SEM images showed that in the studied soils, which were classified as either Aridisols or Entisols, Palygorskite was present in different quantities on all geomorphic surfaces. Moreover, Illite, Chlorite, Smectite, irregularly interstratified Chlorite/Illite, and Kaolinite were the other clay minerals that existed in the soils studied. The relative quantity of Palygorskite and Smectite was variable on different geomorphic surfaces. Regardless of the type of geomorphic surface, petrogypsic and gypsic horizons showed the highest quantity of Palygorskite as compared to other horizons which seems to be due to the suitable geochemical conditions of these horizons for the formation and stability of Palygorskite mineral. The higher correlation of Palygorskite content with gypsum, as compared to that with the carbonates, indicates the importance of gypsum in Palygorskite distribution in the soils of the study area. The findings also indicated that the amount of Palygorskite was positively correlated with soluble Mg/Ca ratio, pH, gypsum, and soluble Mg. These parameters appear to control the genesis and distribution of Palygorskite in the soils studied. In general, it is necessary to pay special attention to their clay mineralogy, especially the significant amount of Palygorskite to manage the soils of the study area and to reasonably predict their behavior.
S. Esmailian, M. Pajouhesh, N. Gharahi, Kh. Abdollahi, Gh. Shams,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (Summer 2024)
Abstract
Studying the process of soil erosion and evaluating its effective factors is one of the most important prerequisites for proper management of soil and water resources. This study was conducted to investigate the production of surface and pipe runoff and sediment using artificial rainfall on silt loam soil in the laboratory. So, the soil was collected from the study area and transported to the laboratory. Laboratory experiments were performed on a soil bed in a rectangular flume with three pipes, at slopes of 2%, 6%, 10%, 14%, and 18% under simulated rain (30 mm/h) for one hour. Related graphs were drawn in Excel to analyze the results, and Spearman's correlation test was used in SPSS software to check the correlation between runoff and sediment values in each slope. The results showed that with the increase in slope, the sum of surface and pipe runoff and sediment increased over time. For example, in a slope of 2%, the runoff and sediment in the initial moments of the experiment increased from 0 to 1.3 liters and 26.2 g m-2 at the end of the experiment. Also, the correlation coefficient between runoff and sediment in the slopes was 0.98, 0.62, 0.4, 0.93, and 0.15, respectively, which was significant in some, but in others, it was not significant because of soil loss.
