Showing 66 results for Mousavi
M. Marzi Nohadani, B. Mostafazadeh-Fard, S. F. Mousavi, M. R. Yazdani, M. R. Alizadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 72 (summer 2015)
Abstract
The common method of puddling is using a conventional tiller which requires long time of soil operations.In this study, the effects of tillage equipment on moisture characteristic curve of a paddy soil were investigated. The treatments included tillage equipment (T1: conventional tiller, T2: rotary puddler, T3: cone puddler, T4: tractor mounted rotivator) and number of puddlings (P1: puddling once, P2: puddling twice, P3: three times'puddling and P4: four times'puddling). The results showed that at saturation point, tractor mounted rotivator presented the highest moisture content. At field capacity and permanent wilting point, the cone puddler showed the highest moisture value. The two newly made units held more moisture and saved water. In different tillage equipment, increasing the number of puddling reduced soil moisture. Available moisture in the soil without tillage (control) was less than in soils under rotary puddler and cone puddler.
D. Rajabi, H. Karami, Kh. Hosseini, S. F. Mousavi , S. A. Hashemi,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract
Non-linear Muskingum model is an efficient method for flood routing. However, the efficiency of this method is influenced by three applied parameters. Therefore, efficiency assessment of Imperialist Competition Algorithm (ICA) to evaluate optimum parameters of non-linear Muskingum model was addressed in this study. In addition to ICA, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were also used to find an available criterion to verify ICA. In this regard, ICA was applied for Wilson flood routing then, routing of two flood events of DoAab Samsami River was investigated. In case of Wilson flood, the target function was considered as the sum of squared deviation (SSQ) of observed and calculated dischargem. Routing two other floods, in addition to SSQ, another target function was also considered as the sum of absolute deviations of observed and calculated discharge. For the first floodwater based on SSQ, GA indicated the best performance however, ICA was in the first place, based on SAD. For the second floodwater, based on both target functions, ICA indicated a better operation. According to the obtained results, it can be said that ICA could be recommended as an appropriate method to evaluate the parameters of Muskingum non-linear model.
H. Daliran Firouz, F. Mokhtari, S. Soltani , S. A. Mousavi,
Volume 19, Issue 74 (Winter 2016)
Abstract
Floods are considered as most destructive among all natural hazards which impose lots of damages on human societies. Hence, it is important to estimate such damages and losses and to determine flood impact areas for management plans. HEC-FIA software as a new model (Sep. 2012) was used in Ghohrood and Ghamsar watershed basins to estimate flood-driven losses and impacts. In this model, HEC-RAS and HEC-Geo RAS are used to produce inundation map in different return periods of flood as HEC-DSS file and by using the data collected in relation to regional agricultural land, building and human, human and financial losses are directly estimated. According to the results of this model, agriculture, building and human losses respectively in Ghohrood watershed are about 354 million rials with 24 buildings affected, and in Ghamsar watershed this is about 12879 million rials with 36 buildings damaged. The advantages of this model over the previous models are estimating the direct economic and human losses for what has occurred and for possible floods in the future. The results can help with watershed management, flood insurance and risk management.
M. Javahery-Tehrani, S. F. Mousavi, Kh. Hosseini,
Volume 20, Issue 77 (Fall 2016)
Abstract
Morphologic study of rivers is very important in stabilization and determination of river boundaries. Dams are structures which have the highest effects on river morphology. Studies of river changes are usually time-consuming and possible only in the long-term timescales. To detect these changes, using satellite images over specific time periods and cartographic methods are useful. In the present study, morphological changes of Zayandehrud River, at downstream of Zayandehrud dam, between hydrometric stations of Sad-e-Tanzimi and Pol-e-Zamankhan, were investigated through 7 series of Landsat satellite photos from 1980 to 2015 by applying ENVI 4.8 and Arc GIS10.2 software. Based on the results, the method of enhancing the contrast as saturated linear expansion, along with the edge enhancement filter, was found an appropriate method for determining the boundary between land and water. In the next step, the river path was entered into Arc GIS 10.2, and geometric parameters of the river such as wavelength, sinuosity ratio, central angle and radius of circle tangent to the curve were determined. Also, statistical analysis of geometric parameters was performed by applying SPSS software. Results showed that from 1986 up to now the sinuosity ratio has risen from 2.14 to 2.38, while the radius of river curvatures and wavelength of meanders have decreased by 5% and 11.4%, respectively. Overall, the river has decreased its arcs’ curvature and bends have been moved to downstream. The main cause of this phenomenon is constructions in the river borders (e.g. in Markadeh and Cham-Kaka), which have disturbed the natural situation of the river. In Cham-Jangal, Cham-Khalifeh and Cham-Ali regions, due to the increase in slope and improper vegetation cover, bank erosion has reached to its highest degree. In general, although flood events have been contained by Zayandehrud dam, yet the river has great potential for erosion in the meandering sections.
A. A. Kamanbedast, S. R. Mousavi,
Volume 20, Issue 78 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
Morning glory spillway is one of the spillways and used when it is not possible to use any other spillways. With the onset of submergence and flow loss, and intensification of circulation and vortexes, spillway performance decreases severely. With decreasing discharge coefficient, the height of water in the reservoir increases and the risk of dam damage, caused by the lack of spillway ability of great flow discharge, increases. Anti-vortex piers are used to solve this problem. The increase of the submergence threshold can provide ability of greater flow discharging, without spillway submergence and its negative consequences. Anti-vortex piers, in addition to correcting circulation and vortexes, may also be effective in increasing the submergence threshold. To investigate this possibility, 110 experiments were performed with the physical model on spillways with square and circular inlet section in different modes and number of anti-vortex piers. Results show that increasing number of Anti-vortex piers increases the submergence threshold and spillway can discharge greater inflow and height of water without being submerged. The effect of the overflow of the circle shape, because currents and vortexes spinning in a circle overflow is higher than square spillway. Also the maximum discharge coefficient was observed when 4 vortex breakers were installed at the angle of 90 degrees.
M. Sadeghian, H. Karami, S. F. Mousavi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Nowadays, greater recognition of drought and introducing its monitoring systems, particularly for the short-term periods, and adding predictability to these systems, could lead to presentation of more effective strategies for the management of water resources allocation. In this research, it is tried to present appropriate models to predict drought in city of Semnan, Iran, using time series, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (MLP and RBF). For these modeling processes, average monthly meteorological parameters of rainfall, temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, maximum relative humidity and SPI drought index were used during the period 1966 to 2013. The results showed that among the many developed models, the ANFIS model, with input data of average rainfall, maximum temperature, SPI and its last-month value, 10 rules and Gaussian membership function, showed appropriate performance at each stage of training and testing. The values of RMSE, MAE and R at training stage were 0.777, 0.593 and 0.4, respectively, and at testing stage were 0.837, 0.644 and 0.362, respectively. Then, the input parameters of this model were predicted for the next 12 months using ARIMA model, and SPI values were predicted for the next 12 months. The ANN and time series methods with low difference in error values were ranked next, respectively. The input parameters SPI and temperature had better performance and rainfall parameter had weaker performance.
S. F. Mousavi, H. R. Vaziri, H. Karami, O. Hadiani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Exploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this research, Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) was used for the first time to manage the operation of reservoirs. Also, the results related to the exploitation of the single-reservoir system of Shahid-Rajaei dam, located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran, which meets the downstream water demands, were compared to those obtained by applying the Particle Swarm and Genetic algorithms. Time reliability, volume reliability, vulnerability and reversibility indices, and a multi-criteria decision-making model were used to select the best algorithm. The results showed that the CSA obtained results close to the problem’s absolute optimal response, such that the average responses in the Crow, Particle Swarm and Genetic Algorithms were 99, 75 and 61 percent of the absolute optimal response, respectively. Besides, except for the time reliability index, the CSA had a better performance in the rest of the indices, as compared to Particle Swarm and Genetic Algorithms. The coefficient of variation of the obtained responses by CSA was 14 and 16 times smaller than the Genetic and Particle Swarm Algorithms, respectively. The multi-criteria decision-making model revealed that the CSA was ranked first, as compared to the other two algorithms, in the Shahid-Rajaei Reservoir's operation problem.
S. P. Mousavi, M. A. Asghar Mokhtari, Y. Khosravi, A. Rafiee, R. Hoseinzade,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of heavy metals pollution including arsenic, antimony, nickel, copper, cadmium, cobalt, bismuth, lead and zinc in the stream sediments of Zarshuran- Aghdarreh area was investigated by using statistical techniques and the geometric integration of each sample basin. For this purpose, the degree of pollution in 154 stream sediment samples was analyzed and the distribution maps for enrichment factors were prepared by using a combination technique, pixel estimation, and statistical and geostatistical methods. The results of calculating the enrichment factors indicated that the higher enrichment was related to arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium and lead. Furthermore, the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, arsenic, antimony, cadmium and bismuth in the stream sediment samples was higher than the global average. Application of the principal component analysis on the data led to the recognition of 9 main components for the dataset; the first 5 were components with eigen values greater than 1 and a cumulative percentage more than 85%. Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead and zinc in the first component, cobalt in the second component, bismuth in the third component, copper in the fourth component and nickel in the fifth component had the highest values.
F. Soroush, B. Mostafazadeh-Fard, S. F. Mousavi, F. Abbasi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Infiltration is the most important characteristic in the design and management of any surface irrigation system. Since the hydraulic of flow in meandering furrows is different from the standard furrows, the accuracy of infiltration function parameter estimation methods should be examined for the optimal design and management of meandering furrow irrigation. The main objective of this study was to compare Elliot and Walker’s two-point and two-time methods for estimating the empirical infiltration function parameters of meandering furrow irrigation using four sets of field data. The estimated infiltration functions, as obtained by the two methods, were validated by performing the unsteady flow simulations and using the Slow-change/slow-flow (SC/SF) model. The results showed that Elliot and Walker prediction of the advance trajectories (with a mean RMSE of 0.68 minutes) was comparable to the two-time method (with an average RMSE of 0.66 min). The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for the simulated outflow hydrograph by the two-time and two-point methods was 0.89 and 0.50, respectively, indicating the excellent predictive power of the two-times method. In addition, the two-time method predicted the total volume of infiltration with the less relative error (-1.5%), in comparison to the two-point method (-47.2%). Therefore, the use of post-advance data (such as a two-time method) for infiltration function parameters estimation improves the flow simulation in the meandering furrows.
R. Mousavi Zadeh Mojarad, S. H. Tabatabaei, B. Ghorbani, N. Nourmahna,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Soil water content is the most effective factor associated with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic changes in a soil. Water repellency in soils, is not a permanent feature; it can be reached in the dry season and reduced or eliminated in the wet season It can be said that in terms of moisture, there is a critical region that is defined as the threshold moisture content, where in lower moisture, the soil is repellent and in higher moisture, the soil is wet able. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil moisture variations on degree of hydrophobicity and determine the amount of threshold water content in soil samples of wetland around Shahr-e-Kord. In this study, some samples of Shahr- e-Kord wetland were investigated. After determining the initial moisture content of the soil, the soil hydrophobicity conditions were determined by determining the time of water droplet penetration (WDPT). Soil moisture variations were carried out using soil wetting and drying method, and in each step the soil hydrophobicity conditions were tested. Reducing water content in soil samples, led to a change in the degree of hydrophobicity in hydrophobic samples, in one soil hydrophilic soil sample, Reducing water content changed hydrophilic soil to hydrophobic soil. The threshold water content was also observed up to a maximum of 54% volumetric water content at a given point. Based on this, the higher moisture content of the threshold at this point indicates the higher soil potential for runoff generation. Soil analysis showed that soil organic matter had a positive correlation with threshold water content.
A. Rezaei Ahvanooei, H. Karami, F. Mousavi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
In this research, by using FLOW3D, the performance of non-linear (arced) piano key (PKW-NL) in plan and linear piano key weir (PKW-L), with equal length of weir, was compared. Results showed that nonlinearity of the weir caused 20% increase in the discharge coefficient. Investigating the velocity contours for these two weir models also showed that maximum velocity within the PKW-NL weir structure is about 30% lower than the PKW-L weir. Also, the performance of non-linear piano key weir was evaluated under inward (PKW-IC) and outward (PKW-OC) curvatures to the channel. Results showed that in the case of PKW-IC weir, the discharge coefficient was increased by 8% as compared to the PKW-OC weir. Investigating the pressure contours for these two weir models also shows that the average pressure within the PKW-IC weir structure is about 5% higher than the PKW-OC weir. This increase in pressure leads to a decrease in the speed and better distribution of flow over the weir keys.
M. Boustani, F. Mousavi, H. Karami, S. Farzin,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Special Issue of Flood and Soil Erosion, Winter 2019)
Abstract
River discharge is among the influential factors on the operation of water resources systems and the design of hydraulic structures, such as dams; so the study of it is of great importance. Several effective factors on this non-linear phenomenon have caused the discharge to be assumed as being accidental. According to the basics the chaos theory, the seemingly random and chaotic systems have regular patterns that are predictable. In this research, by using methods of phase space mapping, correlation dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent and Fourier spectrum power, a period covering 43 years of Zayandehrud River discharge (1971-2013) was evaluated and analyzed based on the chaos theory. According to the results, the non-integer value of the correlation dimension for Eskandari and Ghale Shahrokh stations (3.34 and 3.6) showed that there was a chaotic behavior in the upstream of Zayandehrud-Dam Reservoir. On the other hand, in the Tanzimi-Dam station, the correlation dimension curve was ascending with respect to the embedding dimension, showing that the studied time-series in the downstream of Zayandehrud-Dam Reservoir was random. The slope of the Lyapunov exponent curve for Eskandari, Ghale Shahrokh and Tanzimi-Dam stations was 0.0104, 0.017 and 0.0192, respectively, and the prediction horizon in the chaotic stations was 96 and 59 days. The non-periodical feature of time series was studied by using the Fourier spectrum power. The wide bandwidth, besides other indices, showed that river discharge in the upstream stations of Zayandehrud Reservoir was chaotic.
A. Kheyrandish, S. F. Mousavi, H. R. Ghafouri, S. Farzin,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Special Issue of Flood and Soil Erosion, Winter 2019)
Abstract
In this research, conjunctive and integrated operation of surface and ground water resources of Behbahan plain (Maroon dam's reservoir and existing wells, respectively) was investigated. Simulation of allocation of water demands in this basin was performed by four scenarios, using WEAP software: 1) current conditions (M1), 2) reference scenario for the next 16 years (M2), 3) land development scenario (M3), and 4) optimal scenario (M4). The optimal scenario was performed with multi-purpose linear programming. Based on the results, drinking water demands was satisfied completely in all scenarios. Under the scenario of current conditions, all agricultural demands, except the traditional rights, supplied more than 50% in the low-flow months. In the reference scenario, water supply for agricultural demands in some months was less than 100% and even in June and July, the water supply for North and South Irrigation networks of Behbehan plain was less than 10%. In the land development scenario, agricultural demands of all irrigation networks, except Ramhormoz network, satisfied more than 90% in all months. The optimal scenario performed better than other scenarios for minimum Maroon River flow and volume of storage in the reservoir. Comparison of the four scenarios in satisfying the environmental needs also revealed that the optimal scenario performed better than the other three scenarios in the spring months. However, it provided less than 100% of water needs in the whole year. Comparison of the four scenarios also showed that the first two scenarios had the highest reliability percent in the Jayzan-Fajr, South Behbahan and North Behbahan Irrigation Networks and traditional water rights. Frequency of storage-time-probability from the storage volume in the optimal scenario also showed that maximum storage lifetime of the lasting storage volume was 558 million m3 (which was equal to half of the volume of Maroon dam’s reservoir) with the highest probability (60%).
R. Moosapour, S. F. Mousavi, Kh. Hosseini,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Special Issue of Flood and Soil Erosion, Winter 2019)
Abstract
Occurrence of heavy floods in rivers causes a lot of damages and losses. In this research, to highlight the river-training reaches in 10.9 km of Babolrud River, first, using topographic map of the area, the Tin layer was created in GIS software. Then, using the HEC-GeoRAS extension, the main route and cross sections of the river were prepared and introduced to the HEC-RAS model. River discharge with return periods of 2 to 200 years was calculated. Flow analysis in the agricultural and urban areas was performed and the areas which need training measures such as flood-retaining walls and levees were specified and designed. The structural design, stability control and sliding was performed based on the Standard No. 518, using RetainWall software, and design and control of levee stability was performed based on the Standard No. 214, using GeoStudio software. The cost of project implementation was estimated based on the Price List of 2017. The output of HEC-RAS software showed that height of flood-retaining wall in 3 urban reaches ranged between 1.73 to 2.8 m and in 5 agricultural reaches ranged between 1.46 to 2.25 m. It was concluded that the overall cost of levee implementation is about 9.01 billion Rials, of gravity concrete flood-retaining wall is about 9.26 billion Rials and of concrete cantilever inverted T shape flood-retaining wall is about 10.05 billion Rials. Thus, using flood-retaining levee is the most economical option.
M. Javaheri Tehrani, S. F. Mousavi, J. Abedi Koupai, H. Karami,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
In the last few decades, the use of porous concrete to cover the sidewalks and pavements as an interface to collect the urban runoff has been increased. This system is economically more efficient than other runoff-pollution reduction methods. To design a runoff control system and reduce its pollution, it is necessary to determine the hydraulic and dynamic properties of the porous concrete (with and without additives). In this research, the effects of cement type (2 and 5), water to cement ratio (0.35, 0.45 and 0.55), fine grains percent (0, 10 and 20%), the type of additive (pumice, industrial pumice, perlite and zeolite), and the added additive percent (5, 10, 15 and 20%) on the physical properties of the porous concrete (porosity, hydraulic conductivity and compressive strength), each with three replications, were investigated using robust design. Qualitek-4 software was also used to discuss the results. The results showed that to obtain the highest porosity in the mixing scheme of the porous concrete, no fine grains, cement type 2 and 15% industrial pumice should be used, and water to cement ratio should be 0.35. Also, the water to cement ratio of 0.55, 0% fine grains, type 2 cement and 15% industrial pumice resulted in the highest value of hydraulic conductivity in the porous concrete. Finally, the water to cement ratio of 0.55, 20% fine grains, type 2 cement and 5% zeolite led to the maximum compressive strength. In general, it was not possible to reach a logical conclusion in this research with the least costs without employing the robust design.
Z. Maghsodi, M. Rostaminia, M. Faramarzi, A Keshavarzi, A. Rahmani, S. R. Mousavi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Digital soil mapping plays an important role in upgrading the knowledge of soil survey in line with the advances in the spatial data of infrastructure development. The main aim of this study was to provide a digital map of the soil family classes using the random forest (RF) models and boosting regression tree (BRT) in a semi-arid region of Ilam province. Environmental covariates were extracted from a digital elevation model with 30 m spatial resolution, using the SAGAGIS7.3 software. In this study area, 46 soil profiles were dug and sampled; after physico-chemical analysis, the soils were classified based on key to soil taxonomy (2014). In the studied area, three orders were recognized: Mollisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols. Based on the results of the environmental covariate data mining with variance inflation factor (VIF), some parameters including DEM, standard height and terrain ruggedness index were the most important variables. The best spatial prediction of soil classes belonged to Fine, carbonatic, thermic, Typic Haploxerolls. Also, the results showed that RF and BRT models had an overall accuracy and of 0.80, 0.64 and Kappa index 0.70, 0.55, respectively. Therefore, the RF method could serve as a reliable and accurate method to provide a reasonable prediction with a low sampling density.
M. Alinezhadi, S. F. Mousavi, Kh. Hosseini,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Nowadays, the prediction of river discharge is one of the important issues in hydrology and water resources; the results of daily river discharge pattern could be used in the management of water resources and hydraulic structures and flood prediction. In this research, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), parametric Linear Regression (LR), parametric Nonlinear Regression (NLR) and non-parametric K- Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) were used to predict the average daily discharge of Karun River in Mollasani hydrometric station for the statistical period of 1967-2017. Different combinations of the recorded data were used as the input pattern to predict the mean daily river discharge. The obtained esults indicated that GEP, with R2= 0.827, RMSE= 59.45 and MAE= 26.64, had a better performance, as compared to LR, NLR and K-NN methods, at the validation stage for daily Karun River discharge prediction with 5-day lag, at the Mollasani station. Also, the performance of the models in the maximum discharge prediction showed that all models underestimated the flow discharge in most cases.
R Mousavi Zadeh Mojarad, S. H. Tabatabaei, N. Nourmahnad,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
The contact angle is a numerical index of differentiation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic soils. The objectives of this research are: 1) assessing different methods such as capillary rise, the molarity of ethanol droplet, repellency index, and sessile drop, and 2) Determining the most efficient method in a typical soil with sandy loam texture. In this study, hydrophobic soil was hydrophobized artificially using stearic acid and according to the water drop penetration time classification method. Calculated contact angles of hydrophilic soil with capillary rise method, the molarity of ethanol droplet method, repellency index (two methods of calculation), and sessile drop method were 89.9, 75.41, (57.81), 56.28, and 58.91, respectively. Using the contact angle measuring device, the contact angle of five hydrophobic levels were 58.91, 104.92, 120.48, 129.96, and 173.07, respectively. According to the precession of the device where the operator is capable to control data and processes and there is no limitation in usage, therefore, the sessile drop method is the most suitable method to measure contact angle. The contact angle of the late method and water drop penetration data are positively correlated (R2 = 0.975).
H. Noori Khaje Balagh, F. Mousavi,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
In the present study, CanESM2 climate change model and stormwater management model (SWMM) were employed to investigate the climate change effects on the quantity and quality of urban runoff in a part of Karaj watershed, Alborz Province. The base period (1985-2005) and future period (2020-2040) are considered for this purpose. Based on the existing main and lateral drainage system and to be more accurate, the watershed was divided into 37 sub-watersheds by ArcGIS software. To simulate rainfall-runoff, the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve has been prepared for a 2-hour duration and 10-year return period, for the base period and RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios based on the obtained precipitation data from Karaj synoptic station. Results showed that mean 24-hour precipitation values in RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios will increase by 21% and 11%, respectively, and maximum 24-hour precipitation values will decrease by 17% and 23%, respectively, as compared to the observed values in the base period. Also, based on the results of quantitative and qualitative runoff modeling in the study watershed, and according to the outflow hydrograph in the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the outlet runoff discharge will decrease by 5.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Also, the flooded areas in the watershed will decrease by 13% and 15.28%, respectively. The concentration of pollutants in the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, compared to the base period, including total suspended solids (TSS), will increase by 7.48% and 9.24%, total nitrogen (TN) will increase by 6.93% and 8.48%, and lead (Pb) will increase by 7.32% and 8.91%, respectively.
M. Pakmanesh, H. Mousavi Jahromi, A. Khosrojerdi, H. Hassanpour Darvishi, Hossein Babazadeh,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
The present study is investigated the earth dam stability during drawdown based on both numerical and experimental aspects. To validate the numerical model, a model was performed experimentally. Some soil mechanic tests were carried out through the hydraulic experiments to attain the usage factors of the numerical investigation. To investigate the effect of hydraulic conductivity on the rapid drop of water level and the use of hydraulic parameters of materials, seepage flow in the model was modeled by seep/w software. The input information to the software including hydraulic conductivity and water volume were measured by performing a constant load test and using a disc penetration meter, respectively. After validation of hydraulic conductivity with the experimental model, the results were compared with observed data. Comparison between numerical and laboratory discharge illustrated that the numerical model with laboratory model is well confirmed. In addition, saturated and unsaturated simulations demonstrated that the unsaturated model is highly consistent with the experimental model. It is assumed that due to the drawdown conditions, unsaturated models can achieve high accuracy for simulating the flow through a homogeneous earth dam.
