Showing 79 results for Seed
Gh. A. Akbari, H. Jabbari, J. Daneshian, I. Alahdadi, N. Shahbazian,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
In order to investigate the limited irrigation impact on physical characteristics of seed in nine sunflower hybrids, three 3-replicate field experiments RCBC were conducted under three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan, respectively) at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran. The results showed that the Maximum length, width and seed diameter were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm cumulative evaporation from pan, and irrigations after 120 and 180 mm evaporation caused to decrease the length by 11% and 16%, width by 21% and 26% and seed diameter by 22% and 28%, respectively. There fore the seed diameter in comparison with width and seed length was most susceptible to limited irrigations levels. The Maximum length was seen in hybrid of A74×R95, and the maximum width, and seed diameter were observed in hybrids of Allstar. Also, A74×R95 under irrigations after 60 and 120 mm evaporation and Azargol under irrigation after 180 mm evaporation had the highest seed weight.
F. Amini, G. Saeidi, A. Arzani,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship among seed yield and its components in safflower, path and factor analysis were conducted using the agronomic and morphological traits of 32 genotypes. Genotypes were evaluated on the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The correlation coefficients showed that number of seeds per capitula and number of capitula per plant had the highest positive correlation with both seed yield and seed yield per plant. The results of regression analysis showed that number of capitula per plant explained 43.6%, and along with seeds per capitula and plant height 60% of the phenotypic variations for seed yield. The regression analysis for seed yield per plant also revealed that seeds per capitula, capitula per plant and seed weight in order had more contributions to the variation of seed yield per plant and explained 81.2% of its variation. Path analysis showed that capitula per plant had the most direct positive effect on both seed yield and seed yield per plant however, this effect was decreased by the indirect and negative effect of seed weight. Results of factor analysis recognized 3 main factors which explained 81.81 % of total variation of the data. These factors were named the seed yield and its components, phenological traits and branching. In general, it can be concluded that seeds per capitula, capitula per plant and seed weight in order contributed more to the seed yield of safflower genotypes. In conclusion, these yield components can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs.
R. Haddad, Gh. Garousi, M. Ghannadnia,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
To study the effects of different combinations of auxin (IBA, NAA) and cytokinin (BAP, TDZ) regulators, basal salts (MS, WPM, NN) and gelling agents (Gelrite and Plant Agar) on the growth and development of seedless grape explants (cv. Bidaneh Soltani), a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design. The number and length of grown shoots were analyzed as two main characteristics. Growth regulators and salts had significant effects (at %1) on the shoot proliferation. The highest number of shoots was observed on MS salts combined with BAP (2.2 mg/l) and IBA (0.5 mg/l) on the 18th days of culture. Compared to Plant Agar, Gelrite had a better effect on the normal growth of the shoots. Based on the new shoots, combinations of MS salts and hormones may be used for micropropagation of seedless grape cultivars in the in vitro condition.
J. Erfani Moghaddam, A. Ebadi, M. Fatahi Moghaddam,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
Seedlessness is the most important characteristic of fruit quality for raisin and table grapes. Grape breeding at University of Tehran, Karaj branch, Iran started in 1999 with crossing some selected seedless and seeded cultivars at the end of evaluation of 90 cultivars in grapevine collection of College of Agriculture in Karaj. Out of 1400 progeny obtained from 26 different crosses, 381 of them which produced fruits were evaluated during growing seasons of 2006 & 2007. Progenies were divided into four groups of completely seedless, semi-seedless, semi-seeded and completely seeded, according to seed trace or seed weight. Results classified progeny to 11% completely seedless, 13.6% semi-seedless, 24% semi seeded and 51.2% completely seeded. Percentages of seedless progeny for four male parents of Askary, Yaghooti, Bidane Sefid and Bidane Ghermez were 15.4%, 10.8%, 9.3% and 10.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, percentages of seedless progeny for female parents of Muscut of Hamburg, Ghezel Uzum, Dizmary, Rajabi Sefied, Ali Baba, Alhaghi Ghermez and Tabariz were 5.4%, 5%, 17.5%, 13.2 %, 1.4%, zero and 36%, respectively. Results also showed that among male parents, Yaghooti and Bidane Ghermez cultivars and among female parents, Tabarze cultivar had better backgrounds to transmit stenospermocarpic seedlessness characteristics.
F Valimohamadi, M Tajbakhsh, A Saeed,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
In order to evaluate effect of planting date and plant density on grain yield, yield components and some quality and morphological traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was conducted at the research center of agricultural and natural resources of west Azerbaijan in Urmia rain-fed research farm during 2005-2006 growing season in a split plot arrangement, based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. The cultivar of chickpea (Qazvin local mass) was planted in three sowing dates (mid November, mid March and mid April) in main plots, and four plant densities (intra row space: 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) representing (45, 34, 23 and 17 plant/m2) in sub plots. Yield, number of pod per plant, seed protein content, plant height, number of secondary branches and 100 seed weight were evaluated. Results indicated that date of sowing had a significant effect on the yield, number of pod per plant and seed protein content but was not significant for plant height, secondary branches and 100 seed weight. Highest number of pod per plant was obtained in mid November sowing (37.69) and high protein content (22.63) in mid March. Different plant density effects were also not significant on yield, plant height, secondary branches and 100 seed weight but the effect of density on the number of pod per plant and seed protein content was significant. Highest number of pod per plant was obtained in the third density (31.5), and highest protein content in the first density (22.31). The results of study indicated that between mid March planting in the density (45 plant/m2) had highest yield (1042.08kg/ha) and protein content compared with the other planting dates.
A Ahmadi, M Jodi, A Tavakoli, M Ranjbar,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate some morphological characteristics associated with grain yield potential on 20 bread wheat cultivars under two irrigation and drought stress conditions. The experiments were conducted at Research Farm of Agriculture College, University of Tehran, Karaj during 2001-2003. Twenty bread wheat cultivars were planted as subplots within each irrigation main plots in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Drought stress was imposed at the end of flowering, and plants were re-watered when they showed signs of wilting, particularly during the morning. The results showed that the interactions between cultivars × year and cultivars × irrigation were significant for the grain yield. The cultivars showed significant differences in grain yield under drought stress condition in 2001-2003. Roshan, M-79-4 and Alvand in 2001-2002 and Azadi, Marvdasht and M-79-17 in 2002-2003 were most productive under drought stress condition, whereas C-79-12, MV-17 and Shahpasand in 2001-2002 and M-79-4, Roshan and Nicknajad in 2002-2003 performed visa versa. Correlation between grain yield and measured traits under irrigation condition was different from drought stress condition, suggesting that grain yield controlling mechanisms operate differently under these conditions. Drought stress caused a reduction in 1000 seed weight of cultivars. High 1000 seed weight and high grain number per ear were accompanied by high grain yield in drought stress and irrigation conditions, respectively. In the present study, clear relationship between grain yield and ear length was not observed.
Z Daneshvar Ran, M Esfahani, M Payman, M Rabiei, H Samie Zadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
The effects of tillage methods and residual management on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. CV. Hyola308) were evaluated after rice harvest. The experiment was carried out during 2004-2005 cropping season in a factorical arrangement of treatments at Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in Rasht, in a Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications. Treatments included tillage in three methods: a) conventional tillage b) minimum tillage, and c) no tillage, and rice residue management in two manners: a) removing residues, and b) not removing residues. Plant traits such as grain yield, oil percentage and yield, plant density, plant height, the lowest pody branch height from soil surface, number of pods per plant, plant and weed dry weight, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were measured. Results indicated that grain yield was affected by the tillage type. Also, the effect of tillage type on plant height, number of pods per plant, the lowest pody branch height from soil surface, and oil yield was significant. The effect of residual management and residual management interaction and tillage were significant on none of the traits except for weed dry weight. Economic analysis indicated that rapeseed planting in a field with rice residual and minimum tillage had a relative advantage of less production cost in spite of nearly 15 percent yield decrease compared to other methods.
H Baghaee, F Shahidi, M.j Vriadi, M Nasiri Mahalati,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most important melons in Iran especially in Khorasan province. The cantaloupe seed is a good functional and nutritional source for human, having large amounts of essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. In spite of nutritional and functional aspects, it does not have considerable applications in food industry yet. Cantaloupe seed milk's pH is about 6.8, so cannot be stored for a long time. In this work, pH of cantaloupe seed milk decreases to 4.15 in 3 treatments (citric acid, orange concentrate, and orange sacs) and a constant amount of lemon juice. At first, nutritive value of seed milk was measured. According to results, this milk is a good source of protein (1.52%), phosphorus (41/3 ppm) and potassium (17 ppm). After that, storage stability of cantaloupe seed beverage at refrigerator temperature (4 °C) for 42 days was evaluated by analyzing changes in the chemical, microbial and sensory properties. The results showed that the orange concentrate-cantaloupe seed beverage reached the highest score of total acceptance (3.67 on a 5-point hedonic scale). In these conditions, we couldn’t find any molds and yeasts in the samples, thus the shelf life of the mentioned beverage could be 6 weeks at 4 °C.
B Rabiei, M Rahimi,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Discrimination function analysis is a method of multivariate analysis that can be used for determination of validity in cluster analysis. In this study, Fisher’s linear discrimination function analysis was used to evaluate the results from different methods of cluster analysis (i.e. different distance criteria, different cluster procedures, standardized and un-standardized data). Furthermore, Hotelling T2, CCC plot and multivariate analysis of variance were used to support the results. To achieve the goals, 8 rapeseed genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, durin 2005-2006, and 14 characteristics were measured. Analysis of variance based on the randomized complete block design showed significant differences between genotypes for all the studied traits. Comparison of means between genotypes indicated that the genotype Hyola401 for grain yield and most of the measured characteristics was better than the other genotypes. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations showed that most of the traits had high variability in the population. Discrimination function analysis showed that the Euclidean distance criterion was better than others and a desirable clustering was obtained by this criterion. Also, all of the data standardization methods produced similar clusters and were better than un-standardized data. Based on evaluation of dendrograms derived from different methods of cluster analysis determined that the UPGMA, complete linkage and Ward’s minimum variance methods were better than the other methods, and grouped the genotypes into three clusters. Fisher’s linear discrimination function analysis showed that UPGMA and Ward's minimum variance methods with clustering validity of 87.5 percent, was more suitable than other cluster analysis methods however, discrimination analysis grouped genotypes into two clusters. Tests of Hotelling T2, CCC plot and multivariate analysis of variance supported the results from the discrimination function analysis. It seems that the UPGMA and Ward's minimum variance procedures based on Euclidean distance criterion of standardized data function better in grouping genotypes, yet, the use of discrimination function analysis is recommended to confirm the results and determine the actual groups.
A Faraji, H Hatamzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Development of oil seed crops is the most important aim in our country to achieve self sufficiency. This study was conducted to assess the suitability of oil brassicas species in rain-fed warm areas of Iran. This research was performed for three years in Agricultural Research stations of Gonbad (Golestan). Twenty varieties and hybrids (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea ) were compared in RCBD with three replications under rain fed conditions. Each plot had 4 rows 5-meter long. Combined analysis results indicated that there were significant differences at 1% probability level among years and varieties for No. of days to maturity, No. of pod per plant, oil%, oil and seed yield. The highest seed yield was obtained in the 2nd year (2103.48 kg.ha), followed by the 1th and 3rd year (1771.50 and 1575.13 kg.ha, respectively). Namely, year environment factor had a significant effect on the rape seed product. j-98-102.51-5 (B. juncea), Alexandra and comet (Spring B. napus) showed the highest seed yield (2484, 2326 and 2290 Kg.ha, respectively). Regression analysis via step by step method explained that No. of pod per plant and oil percentage had significant positive effects (508.53 and 96.48 respectively) and No. of days to maturity significant negative effect (-78.63) on the seed yield. Factor analysis extracted four factors. Factor loading of the first three eigen values showed that the first three factors explained 98.794%, sum of variance. Rates of first, second and third factors were 45.575%, 36.816% and 16.403%, respectively. The first factor, second factor and third factor were named productivity factor (seed yield and oil yield), sink factor (No. of pod per plant), fixed capital factor (No. of day to maturity and plant height) respectively. Generally, j-98-102.51-5, Alexandra and comet varieties are advisable for Fall planting under rain fed conditions in Gonbad area because they had the highest seed yield and earliness. Also, we can introduce less No. of days to maturity (earliness) and more No. of pod per plant as select index under rain fed conditions in Gonbad.
Sh Mimohamadi, H Allahyari, M Nematolahi, A Sabouri, S Zarghami, Sh Khaghani,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
The cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. is an important pest, which attacks the rape seed and causes economic damage. In this study, effects of four different cultivars of rape seed (Zarfam, Licord, Hyola 401, and SLM046) on biological parameters and intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae were studied in laboratory conditions (25±1ºC, 70±10 RH and of 14:10 (L:D) photoperiod). Results showed that maximum nymphal and reproductive period, longevity of insects were found on Licord cultivar. The maximum fecundity of adult aphid was seen on Hyola 401. There was no significant difference between duration of developmental stages, and aphid fecundity on different cultivars. The intrinsic rate of increase was calculated by Wyatt & White method. Estimated intrinsic rate of natural increase of aphid was 0.316, 0.294, 0.311, and 0.289 on Zarfam, Licord, Hyola 401, and SLM046, respectively. Although the lowest intrinsic rate of increase was observed on Zarfam, statistical analysis of Wyatt & White output showed there was not any significance difference between rm on different cultivars.
Gh Mesbahi, A Abasi, J Jalali, A Farahnaki,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
In this research, tomato peel and waste seed obtained from tomato paste processing were dried and milled. The obtained powder was added to tomato ketchup sauce in different proportions (1, 2, 5, 7 and 10%). To study the effect of tomato peel and seed powder on physicochemical and nutritional properties of the tomato ketchup samples, the parameters including lycopen, total solid, brix, total sugars, reducing sugars, protein, fat, ash, fiber, vitamin C, pH, color (L, a/b) were evaluated. Rheological properties of the ketchup samples (consistency and viscosity) were determined and compared with control samples. Sensory evaluation of the ketchup samples was carried out after 1, 2 and 5 months of storage by a group of panelists. Addition of tomato peel and seed powder resulted in an increase in total solid, brix, ash, fiber, protein, fat, consistency and viscosity of the ketchup samples. Sensory evaluation tests did not show any significant difference between the color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of the control and samples containing 1 or 2 % of tomato peel and seed powder. In addition, sensory evaluation tests did not show any significant changes in the ketchup samples during storage. Thus, it can be concluded that nutritional and rheological properties of tomato ketchup can be improved by addition of tomato peel and seed powder.
P Heravi, Kh Talebi Jahromi, Gh Sabahi, A Bandani,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Various effects of methanolic extract of neem seed kernel on larvae of cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied and compared with those of Neem Azal T/S and Neem Plus, two commercial formulations. The pest was collected from Gorgan (Golestan Province, Iran) and reared on a bean based artificial diet. The neem seed was collected from Bandar-Abbas (Hormozgan Province) and extracted in laboratory. Growth inhibitory and antifeedant assays were carried out on larvae treated with seed kernel extracts in 3 concentrations,1, 2.5 and 5%, under choice and no-choice conditions. The neem extract had a significant antifeedancy effects on larvae. Neem Plus and 5% extract had the least and most antifeedancy effects, respectively. The most and least feeding rates belonged to Neem Plus and Neem Azal treatments, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.05). Feeding deterrence index (FDI) was highest in 5% extract which also differed significantly from Neem Plus treatment. Larvae treated with extract led to malformation and prevented formation of pupa and ultimately caused death. The LT50 values with confidence limit (CL) of 95% were 3.84 and 4.13 d, for Neem Azal and 5% extract respectively. DC50 and EC50 of extract were 4.73% and 2.73% at similar CL, respectively.
M Ahmadi, M Bahrani,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (7-2009)
Abstract
A study was conducted in 2007 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 Kg ha-1) on some agronomic characteristics, seed yield and oil percentage in three Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars (Dashtestan, Darab 14, and Zarghan) in Kaki region (Bushehr Province). The type of design was completely randomized block with factorial arrangement and three replications. Nitrogen(N) fertilizer had a very significant effect on agronomic characteristics, such as number of capsules in the main stem, number of capsules per plant, branches /plant, biological yield, seed yield ,and oil percentage, but had no effect on 1000 seed weight. There was no significant difference between the application of 30 and 60 Kg of N fertilizer ha-1 with respect to harvest index. Seed yield increased as N rate increased, but each cultivar had a different response to different rates of nitrogen. Dashtestan and Zarghan had superiority over Darab 14 with respect to overall agronomic properties such as response to fertilizer and early maturity, but from the qualitative point of view, Darab 14 produced higher percentage of oil.
A Shaabani, A Kamgar Haghighi, A Spaskhah, Y Emami, T Honar,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (10-2009)
Abstract
Oil seed rape (Brasica napus) is an important crop, which is cultivated in Iran for oil production. As a management practice deficit irrigation strategy is applied to cope with water shortages, especially during drought periods. This research was conducted to study the effect of water stress on physiological parameter of oil seed rape in the experimental research field of Collage of Agriculture (of shiraz university) during 2004- 2005 and 2005- 2006. Licord cultivar of oil seed rape was planted and experimental design was random block with five treatments and four replications. Treatments were full irrigation in all growth stages, water stress in vegetative stage in early spring, water stress in flowering and podding stages, water stress in grain filling stage and dry land treatment with supplemental irrigation in time of planting. Water stress caused decrease in water potential of plant, an increase in canopy temperature, and decrease in plant height especially in dry land treatment. Leaf area index decreased as water stress increased. The decrease in leaf area index was more severe in vegetative stage water stress treatment. At the end of water stress period leaf area index increased again. Rate of decrease in leaf area index at the end of the growing season was higher in grain filling stage of water stress treatment.
Gh. Omidi Ardali , M. J. Bahrani,
Volume 15, Issue 55 (4-2011)
Abstract
The optimum levels of soil moisture and nitrogen are important to obtain higher yields. To investigate the effects of water stress, nitrogen levels and application times on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), the cultivar Euroflor at different growth stages, a two year study (2006-007) was conducted at Research Fields of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Badjgah) using a split factorial design with four replications. Treatments were water stress at three levels, (non-stress and stress at flowering and seed formation) as main plot and three N levels (0, 70, 140 kg ha-1) and N application times (split application at planting and stem elongation, planting and heading, and stem elongation and heading) as subplot. Number of seed per head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Oil yield and HI were measured. Results showed that the effects of water stress and N rates on yield and yield components were significant, but the effects of N application times and interaction between water stress, nitrogen rates and application times were insignificant. Overall, the crop showed more sensitivity to drought stress at flowering time, and 70 kg N ha-1 is recommended for the region.
M. Rabiee, M. Kavoosi, P. Tousi Kehal,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (3-2012)
Abstract
To determine the proper nitrogen fertilizer rates and its application times for achieving high grain and oil yields of rapeseed cultivar, Hyola 401, a research was carried out in paddy fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht during two cropping seasons. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental factors were pure nitrogen fertilizer rate at five levels of 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 Kg ha-1 and fertilizer application times at five levels of all fertilizer at planting 1/3 at planting + 2/3 in stem elongation 1/3 at planting + 1/3 in stem elongation + 1/3 before flowering 1/3 in 3-4 leaf stages + 1/3 in stem elongation +1/3 before flowering 1/4 at planting + 1/4 in 3-4 leaf stages + 1/4 in stem elongation + 1/4 before flowering. The results of statistical analyses showed that from amony nitrogen rates, application of 240 Kg N ha-1 and 180 Kg N ha-1 with average production of 2505 Kg ha-1 and 2596 Kg ha-1 respectively showed the highest grain yield and were in the same group. of Nitrogen application times, application of 1/3 at planting + 1/3 in stem elongation + 1/3 before flowering had the highest grain and oil yields with average of 2155.3 Kg ha-1 and 9865 Kg ha-1, respectively. Maximum oil percentage was observed in control treatment (without N-fertilizer application) and the highest oil yield was obtained for nitrogen rates of 180 and 240 Kg ha-1. Also, the highest growth period was observed for the treatment of 240 Kg nitrogen with 206.3 days. The results showed that nonsignificant difference exists between the nitrogen rates of 180 and 240 Kg ha-1 in grain and oil yields. Therefore, the rate of 180 Kg ha-1 is recomended due to less fertilizer consumption and prevention of destructive effect on the environment
Mohammad Rabiee, Masoud Kavosi, Hassan Shokri Vahed, Pari Tousi Kehal,
Volume 17, Issue 64 (9-2013)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of concentration and time of foliar spraying of nitrogen fertilizer as supplemenfary to soil nutrition on grain yield and some important traits of rapeseed (Hyola401), an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in in 2008-2009, 2009-2010 growing seasons, and in 2003-2005 growing seasons in paddy fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht). In this experiment, nitrogen concentration (from urea source) at two levels (5 and 100.00) and application time at seven levels including 1-seedling stage: 6-8 leaves 2: beginning of stem elongation 3: prior to flowering 4: 6-8 leaves + stem elongation 5: 6-8 leaves + prior to flowering 6: stem elongation+ prior to flowering 7: 6-8 leaves + stem elongation+ prior to flowering with two control treatments including zero nitrogen fertilizer and basal fertilization as 1/3 at seed sowing, 1/3 at stem elongation and 1/3 prior to flowering stages of 180 kg pure N ha were considered. Results of combined analysis showed significant differences between the experimental treatments in most traits. Spray application of nitrogen (100.00) in stem elongation+prior to flowering stage produced maximum silique length (6.8 cm), number of secondary branch (7.1) and plant height (141.1 cm). Also, the spray application (100.00) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage had maximum biological yield (10684.6 kg.ha-1), grain and oil yields (3686.2 and 1489.3 kg.ha-1, respectively) and the maturity period (202 days). Spray application (100.00) in stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage did not induce significant difference with spray application (100.00) in the three stages. Maximum oil content was observed in control treatment (zero nitrogen fertilizer) with an average of (44 %). According to the results of the present experiment, it seems that spray application of nitrogen (100.00) at final growth stage of rapeseed (stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage) increases grain and oil yields.
H. Aalipour, A. Nikbakht, N. Etemadi, M. Soleimani, F. Rejali,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Trees decline is a complex physiological disease that results from the interactions between several factors, one of which is heavy metal stress that ultimately leads to the death of trees. This experiment, which was conducted during 2016-2017 at the campus facility of the Department of Horticulture at Isfahan University of Technology, was conducted to investigate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae inoculated, and the combination of both species) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas Flourescens, on the growth responses of Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica G) to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 5, 10, 15, 20); this was done as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design, with three replications. The interactions between AMF, PGPR, and cadmium on potassium and iron concentration, height, and dry weight of Arizona cypress seedlings were significant. By increasing the concentration of cadmium in most of the treatments, the colonization, phosphorus, potassium and iron concentrations, height and dry weight of the shoot Arizona cypress seedlings were decreased, while the percentage of electrolyte leakage and proline content were increased. The AMF-inoculated plants increased phosphorus, potassium and iron concentrations, Height, shoot dry weight, proline content and reduced electrolyte leakage percentage, as compared to non-mycorrhizal (control) plants. In plants inoculated with both microorganism (mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas), there was a positive effect regarding the concentration of nutrients such as potassium and iron; there was also the improvement of growth characteristics such as height and dry weight of the seedlings, as well as the appearance and freshness of the plant. The results, therefore, showed that inoculation of Arizona cypress seedlings with the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria could have a positive effect on the growth and survival of this tree under Cadmium stress condition.
F. Momeni, A.a. Amirinejad,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
In precision agriculture, a productivity rating system is a significant tool to quantitatively assess soil quality. An experiment was conducted in Bilavar, Kermanshah to evaluate the spatial variability of physical indicators of soil quality of a rapeseed (Brassica napus) field. Spatial variability analysis of soil physical properties measured on a rectangular grid (100 m×100 m) was carried out using a geostatistical analyst extension of Arc-GIS software. Five physical soil quality indicators including bulk density (BD), non-capillary porosity (NCP), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), available water retention capacity (AWC), and organic carbon (OC) were determined. The physical rating index (PRI) at each sampling point was determined by multiplying the rating values for all five parameters. Results revealed that major ranges of semivariogram for Ks and AWC varied between 137-145 m and for BD, OC, and NCP they were relatively long (161-205 m). Clay and NCP showed moderate spatial dependence (0.68 and 0.28, respectively) whereas the rest of the parameters showed weak spatial dependence. Also, the correlation between PRI and the biological yield of rapeseed was fairly good (R2=0.68). Investigation of zoning maps of soil physical properties showed an increase in BD and a decrease in AWC and NCP parameters depending on changes in soil texture and organic matter content in some parts of the field. In general, the PRI index is an important tool in the quantitative assessment of soil physical conditions, and based on it and zoning maps can improve the physical quality of soil in agricultural fields.
