Showing 332 results for Zad
H. Ahmadzadeh, A. Fakheri Fard, Mohammad Ali Ghorbani, M. Tajrishy,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Determining the actual evapotranspiration value and analyzing its temporal trend is essential for optimal water resources management in a basin. In the present paper, the actual evapotranspiration time series is simulated and its trend is analyzed according to the trend of climatic variables and land use in the Ajichi basin during the period of 2015-1987. The comprehensive SWAT model was set up, calibrated, and validated for the Ajichi basin. Also, the average of simulated actual evapotranspiration of crops (in wet years) was compared with similar values in the National Water Document. The results of the Mann-Kendall trend test showed that the annual rainfall in most meteorological stations had a decreasing trend and the rainfall trend in the ten stations decreased significantly. While the annual maximum temperature at all stations and the annual minimum temperature in most of them have significantly increased. Investigation of land use maps illustrated that the irrigated land area of the basin has increased by a 39% during the study period. According the study's results, the potential evapotranspiration of the basin has had a significant increasing trend with a rate of 2.54 mm per year. The results indicated that despite the increasing trend of potential evapotranspiration and irrigated land area, the actual evapotranspiration of the basin had a significant decreasing trend with a rate of 2.2 mm per year due to the decrease in rainfall.
F. Naeimi Hoshmand, F. Ahmadzadeh Kaleybar,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Hydrological models for evaluating and predicting the amount of available water in basins, flood frequency analysis, and developing strategies to deal with destructive floods are expanding daily. In this study, HEC-GeoHMS and Arc Hydro extensions in ArcGIS software and the HEC-HMS model were used to simulate design flood hydrographs in the Aydooghmush basin in the northwest of Iran. SCS-CN, SCS-UH, Maskingham, and monthly fixed methods were used to calculate rainfall losses, rainfall-runoff transformation, flood routing, and base flow, respectively. In model calibration with two real flood events, the average of absolute values of the residuals, the sum of the remaining squares, and the weight of the peak mean the error squares for the flood volume were 2.75, 5.91, and 5.32, respectively and for peak discharge were 8.9, 8.0, and 8.0, respectively. Model validation was evaluated as acceptable with a one percent error rate in the peak of discharge and a 19 percent in the flood volume. For maximum 24-hour precipitation, the log-Pearson type 3 was determined as the most suitable distribution in the SMADA model and design precipitation was extracted in different return periods. Thus, for the return period of 2 to 1000 years, the peak discharge and volume of the design flood were simulated equally to 18.8 to 415.6 m3 s-1 and 5.7 to 87.9 MCM, respectively.
M. Kyanpoor Kal Khajeh, Me. Pajouhesh, S. Emamgolizadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Humans are always trying to change land to use natural resources to meet their needs. One of the land use changes that take place in order to benefit from sustainable water resources is dam construction. Dam construction has many positive and negative consequences for the environment from the beginning to use. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Gotvand Dam on the problem of collision of water flow path with salt domes and large volume accumulation of salt behind the dam lake. Images of the Landsat 5 satellite TM sensor for 1991, Landsat 7 satellite ETM+ sensor for 2008, and Landsat 8 satellite OLI sensor for 2020 were used to classify images, and prepare land use maps of the studied basin. Reviewing and evaluating the land use maps of the study area showed that agricultural lands are being developed after the operation of the dam. Also, barren lands were decreasing as well as the area's water content was increasing during the study period. In the second period of study (2008-2020), the population of the regions with an increasing area has been increasing. Also, the rangeland and meadows had a decreasing trend during the first and second periods. The results of classification accuracy using the object-oriented method for three periods of 1991, 2008, and 2020 were obtained as 0.92, 0.97, and 0.93, respectively. In general, it can be stated that the construction of the dam has increased the area under cultivation of land and by increasing population and urbanization in the construction area of the dam, destruction and reduction of rangelands occurred.
B. Shahinejad, A. Parsaei, A. Haghizadeh, A. Arshia, Z. Shamsi,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
In this research, soft computational models including multiple adaptive spline regression model (MARS) and data group classification model (GMDH) were used to estimate the geometric dimensions of stable alluvial channels including channel surface width (w), flow depth (h), and longitudinal slope (S) and the results of the developed models were compared with the multilayer neural network (MLP) model. To develop the models, the flow rate parameters (Q), the average particle size in the floor and body (d50) as well as the shear stress (t) as input and the parameters of water surface width (w), flow depth (h), and longitudinal slope (S) were used as output parameters. Soft computing models were developed in two scenarios based on raw parameters and dimensionless form independent and dependent parameters. The results showed that the statistical characteristics in estimating w, the best performance is related to the MARS model, whose statistical indicators of accuracy in the training stage are R2 = 0.902, RMSE=1.666 and in the test phase is R2 = 0.844, RMSE=2.317. In estimating the channel depth, the performance of both GMDH and MARS models is approximately equal, both of which were developed based on the dimensionless form of flow rate as the input variable. The statistical indicators of both models in the training stage are R2 » 0.90, RMSE » 8.15 and in the test phase is R2 » 0.90, RMSE = 7.40. The best performance of the developed models in estimating the longitudinal slope of the channel was related to both MARS and GMDH models, although, in part, the accuracy of the GMDH model with statistical indicators R2 = 0.942, RMSE = 0.0011 in the training phase and R2 = 0.925, RMSE = 0.0014 in the experimental stage is more than the MARS model.
H. Noury Hasanabady, M.r. Kavianpour, A. Khosrojerdi, H. Babazadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Using a rough bed for spillway compare to common dissipation methods such as stilling basins, stepped spillways, ski jumps, and bed elements may be more efficient to boost energy dissipation. In this research, the impact of spillway continuous bed roughness on energy dissipation was investigated. For this purpose, a non-dimensional relationship was developed, and by calibrating the numerical model based on the present experimental study, energy dissipation over the spillway for three slopes of 15, 22.5, and 30 (degree) with six roughness sizes of 0.0, 0.005, 0.0072, 0.0111, 0.016, and 0.022 (m) and three discharges of 170, 110, and 90 (lit/s) was investigated. Based on the present results, using a rough bed spillway will increase energy dissipation. Also, the ratio of energy lost per meter length of rough bed spillway to that of smooth spillway increases by chute slope. The results showed that the highest amount of relative energy consumption in the presence of roughness was related to the slope of 22.5 degrees and 22.2 mm for roughness (85%), and the lowest relative energy consumption was observed in the control state (25%). As a result of the present study, a natural rough bed without concrete coating has befitted in terms of environmental aspects, construction cost, and energy loss.
A. Yousefi, M. Maleki-Zadeh, A.r. Nikooie, M.s. Ebrahimi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
This study determines the amount of irrigation water saved as a result of the subsidy policy to adapt from flood to drip irrigation. We developed a positive mathematical programming model (PMP) to evaluate the effect of economic incentives on farmers’ decisions to choose the type of irrigation technology, cropping pattern, and "water use" and "water consumption" in rural Garkan Shomali district, which is part of the Najafabad aquifer. We collected data through farm surveys, desk research, and expert interviews. The results showed that a reduction in the financial costs of converting flood irrigation into drip irrigation can lead to farmers investing in this technology. In the current water allocation scenario, the subsidy policy increases the water consumption of drip-irrigated crops by 28%, of which 19% is non-consumed water before subsidy payment and the rest is related to the reduction of furrow-irrigated lands. Also, under non-volumetric water delivery conditions, the operating costs reduce and the net income of the farms increases because of the increase in efficiency and the development of the area under cultivation, which increases water consumption while the water use is constant. In the volumetric water delivery scenario, with the increase in subsidies, the net income of the farms will increase without developing the area under cultivation and only because of the increased yield. Therefore, subsidy policy increases irrigation efficiency at both the farm and regional levels and is an effective tool for dealing with drought conditions.
M. Pasandi, H.r. Pakzad, A.m. Halvaie Lengeh, M.r. Taherizadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The relationship between the concentration of heavy metals and physicochemical factors was studied in the fine-grained sediments of the tidal section of the Mehran delta where mangrove trees have grown. Surface sediments of the tidal zone of the Mehran delta were sampled. The grain size distribution, calcium carbonate, organic matter contents, pH/Eh, and heavy metals concentration were determined in the mud fraction of the sediments. The presence of high calcium carbonate in sediments is an effective factor in the abundance of Mn, Cd, and Pb. Clay and organic matter as adsorptive have contributed to the high concentration of Zn, Cu, while Fe oxy-hydroxides have affected the concentration of Co, Cr, and Ni. According to the index of Enrichment Factor (EF), the average enrichment of the elements in the studied sediments from high to low order is Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mn, Pb, Co, and Cu. According to the Pollution Load Index (PLI), none of the delta sediments including sediments from inside and outside of the mangrove forestare classified as polluted to the heavy metals. According to the Igeo Index, most samples, and only Cd, Cr, and Ni show slight pollution in some samples. Accordingly, there is no current threat of contamination of potentially toxic elements of natural and anthropogenic origins to the mangrove environment and Mehran delta.
M. Hayatzadeh, M. Eshghizadeh, V. ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The land use change as well as changes in climatic parameters such as temperature increase affect many natural processes such as soil erosion and sediment production, floods, and degradation of physical and chemical properties of soil. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to different aspects of the effect of these changes in studies and macro decisions of the country. In the present study, the SWAT conceptual model was used to test and analyze the existing scenarios in the Marvast basin. After calibrating the model, the two scenarios were tested. The first scenario is in the field of agricultural management and conversion of gardens to agricultural lands and the second scenario is a 0.5-degree increase in temperature by assuming other conditions are constant. The calibration and validation results of the model with the Nash-Sutcliffe test showed 0.66 and 0.68 respectively, which indicate the acceptable performance of the model in the study area. Then, the results of using two scenarios of land use change and heating, especially in recent years showed the effect of 30 percent of the climate scenario on the increase of flooding in the basin. The scenario of changing the use of garden lands to agriculture in two cases of 20% and 50% change of use of 10% and 12% was added to the flooding of the basin. The results indicate that in similar areas of the study area which is located in a dry climate zone, a possible increase in temperature can have a significant effect on flooding in the basin. However, the indirect impact of the human factor in increasing greenhouse gases and flooding in the basin should not be ignored.
F. Zarei, M.r. Nouri Emamzadehei, A.r. Ghasemi Dastgerdi, A. Shahnazari,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The pattern of root distribution in layered soils is one of the significant issues in the calculations of soil water and irrigation management and planning. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of root distribution of soybean in layered soils and its effect on water uptake. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments consisting of three different textures of soil (light, heavy, and medium) in four replications. The pattern of root distribution was monitored by the sampling of columns at the end of the growth period of the soybean. It was observed that the presence of the layer with medium texture has led to better plant development and growth after comparing the treatments in terms of plant growth. In general, root length density decreased with increasing soil depth, except in cases where there were different layers of soil, and root length density takes place in the following order: root length density in layers with medium texture≥ heavy texture≥ light texture. The rate of root water uptake rate was highest in the sandy layers, intermediate in clay, and lowest in loamy texture. Also, the rate of root water uptake rate increased significantly with increasing depth regardless of treatments. It can be concluded that the pattern of root distribution and plant growth is significantly affected by soil texture and its stratification.
M. Karim Zadeh, J. Zahiri, V. Nobakht,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
Reservoir dams have had problems despite all the benefits for humans. one of the most important issues is exposing a large amount of water in contact with the air causing a large amount of water to evaporate. Using chemical methods including heavy alcohols is one of the evaporation suppression methods. In this study, three emulsions of octadecanol, hexadecanol, and a combination of octadecanol, and hexadecanol along with Brij-35 and two physical methods of the canopy and floating balls were used to evaluate the performance of different emulsions. A one-way analysis of variance was applied to compare the mean of evaporation in different chemical and physical methods and a two-way analysis of variance was performed to investigate the main and interaction effects of different meteorological parameters on the value of evaporation. The mean comparison of the evaporation in different methods showed that the two physical methods of the canopy and floating balls had better performance than the chemical methods, and the octadecanol was more efficient than the two other chemical methods. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that among the chemical methods, the octadecanol had no significant difference with floating balls at a 99% probability level (P <0.01). Two-way ANOVA indicated that air temperature and relative humidity had the greatest effect on evaporation. Examination of the effect of different levels of meteorological parameters on the performance of evaporation reduction methods showed that at low temperatures, octadecanol had poor performance than the two physical methods but with increasing temperature, its performance improved. In addition, this monolayer had a suitable performance at low wind speeds compared to physical methods. By increasing wind speed, its performance is severely affected and its efficiency decreases. So, at temperatures above 37° C, an increase in wind speed from 3.5 m/s to above 8.7 m/s has increased evaporation by more than 50%. The effects of monolayers and other evaporation suppression methods on the quality characteristics of the water including dissolved oxygen are significant and should be investigated in future research.
R. Daneshfaraz, M. Bagherzadeh, M. Jafari,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate and compare the laboratory results of energy dissipation and length of vertical Drops equipped with horizontal Screens with the results of standard stilling basins of type one, two, three and four simple vertical Drops. For this purpose, 64 different experiments were performed on vertical Drops equipped with a horizontal Screen at relative distances of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 from the edge of Drops, with a porosity of 40 and 50% of the Screen and a height of 20 cm .The results showed that in all experiments and at a constant flow, increasing the distance of the Screen from the edge of Drops does not have much affect the energy dissipation of the current. On average, the downstream energy dissipation for the present study has increased by more than 20% compared to the simple vertical Drop, which can be an excellent alternative to the downstream stilling basin. Among the models of the present study, the most significant reduction in the relative length of the Drops was achieved by the vertical Drops model with a horizontal Screen with a relative distance of 0.75. On average, when using horizontal Screen at four relative distances from the edge of Drops, the relative length of the Drops is reduced by more than 73% compared to the vertical Drops equipped with a standard stilling basin.
M. Farzamnia, M. Miran Zadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The present study was carried out in the Mahyar region of Esfahan Province to determine optimum drip tape spacing for the wheat crops on a silty clay loam soil respecting grain yield as well as yield components, water use efficiency, and variations in the salinity within the soil profile. The experiment was performed for three years from 2017 to 2019 with a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments. The treatments consisted of three tape spacings (A) at 45, (B) at 60, (C) at 75 cm, and the Control (D) was irrigated with the basin method. The same volume of irrigated water was applied to the drip treatments, A, B, and C in every irrigation interval, whereas for treatment D, the local farmers’ practice was followed. Based on the results from compound variance analysis, the treatment effect on both grain yield and biological yield, and on water use efficiency and harvest index was significant at 1% and 5% level of confidence, respectively. The mean water use efficiency in treatments A, B, C, and D was measured as 0.79, 0.79, 0.73, and 0.78 kg m-3; thus, treatments A, B, and D outperformed treatment C. A comparison between the salinity of the soil profile at the beginning and the end of the growing season revealed that the basin irrigation method was more effective on salt leaching than the drip tape system. The results of this study indicated that concerning water use efficiency and crop yield, drip tapes spaced at 45 or 60 cm outperformed those which were 75 cm apart. On the other hand, the work required for irrigation system installation as well as the amount of drip tape residues left on the field at the end of the growing season is larger for tapes spaced at 45 cm compared to those which are 60 cm apart. This will have a significant impact on farmers’ budgets and environmental issues. Therefore, it is recommended to lay the tapes 60 cm apart for the irrigation of wheat crops on silty clay loam soils.
A.r. Emadi, S. Fazeli, M. Hooshmand, S. Zamanzad-Ghavidel, R. Sobhani,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
The agricultural sector as one of the most important sectors of water consumption has great importance for the sustainability of the country's water resources systems. The objective of this study was to estimate the river water abstraction (RWA) for agricultural consumption in the study area of Nobaran in the Namak Lake basin. The RWA was estimated using variables related to morphological, hydrological, and land use factors, as well as a combination of their variables collected through field sampling. Data mining methods such as adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), group method of data handling (GMDH), radial basis function (RBF), and regression trees (Rtree) were also used to estimate the RWA variables. In the current study, the GMDH24 model with a combined scenario including the variables of river width, river depth, minimum flow, maximum flow, average flow, crop, and the garden cultivated area was adopted as the best model to estimate the RWA variable. The RMSE value for the combined scenario of the GMDH24 model was found to be 0.046 for estimating RWA in the Nobaran study area. The results showed that the performance of the GMDH24 model for estimating RWA for maximum values is very acceptable and promising. Therefore, modeling and identifying various variables that affect the optimal RWA rate for agricultural purposes fulfills the objectives of integrated water resources management (IWRM).
S. Yaghobi, Ch.b. Komaki, M. Hosseinalizadeh, A. Najafinejad, H.r. Pourghasemi, M. Faramarzi,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Frequency analysis of daily rainfall or return period of rainfall and flooding events is very important considering the behavioral complexity in water resources management; because ignoring it can lead to urban destructive floods. In the present research, three distribution functions of Pearson, Beta, and Gamma were compared to investigate and select the most appropriate distribution function for the precipitation data acquired from meteorology stations and CHIRPS satellite in seven stations in the watershed of Bustan Dam. Statistical analyses showed that satellite data were ineffective to estimate daily precipitation due to high errors in RMSE, MAD, and NASH. Meteorological data were used to spot the best distribution. Google Earth Engine and Python programming language were used. Then, the selected distribution function was used to determine the maximum daily rainfall, frequency probability, and return period of 2, 10, 50, 100, and 200 years. The results of the goodness of fit test, Error Sum of Squares, Bayesian Information Criterion, Akaike Information Criteria well as Kullback-Leibler Divergence showed that in five stations of Kalaleh, Qarnaq, Golestan National Park, Golestan Dam, and Glidagh, the Pearson function is the most suitable distribution function. Also, in the other two stations (Gonbad and Tamar), the Beta function was recognized as a suitable function. However, Gamma distribution in the study area is not efficient. So, it can be concluded that heavy and irregular rainfall can be effective in choosing the best distribution function at each station. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the maximum possible rainfall and as a result of the possible occurrence of floods with principled and accurate management to prevent human and financial losses in susceptible areas, especially in the study area.
R. Khalaf, A.m. Akhoond-Ali, Saeid Soltani, K. Rezazadeh,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Due to developing abstractions and their impacts on surface runoff, the recorded flow has been changed by human activities in most water gauging stations. Therefore, there is not found natural regime in the catchments. Accordingly, the objective of naturalization is to remove the effect of human activity factors and determine the actual amount of the river flow before the abstraction and the upstream development. Researchers have presented different methods that are mainly based on volume budget. In this way, this research presented the conventional methods as well as investigated their weak points. These new and innovative methods have been applied based on the available data. The methods have been planned based on the net consumption in which, the different types of water demands related to the upstream of each hydrometric station, are estimated for each month of a long-term series. Then, the amount of natural flow is determined by adding them to the observed flow. The accuracy and validation of the results are investigated by comparing the observed and calculated flow. As a case study, this method was utilized and implemented for Tireh and Marbareh sub-basins in Dez as well as Solgan and Beheshtabad sub-basins in the Karun basin. The results showed the role of the human activity factors decreasing the long-term outflow in the Tireh basin a 23.2%, in the Marbareh basin a 28.7%, in the Vanak watershed a 26%, and in the Beheshtabad basin a 9.5%. The results validation indicated the appropriate compatibility of the observational and estimated data for the control points (the stations). In this research, natural flow is obtained by presenting a practical method based on available information in the country. The proposed method has been in the preliminary stages. To verify and comprehend it, it should be used in future research on the interaction of surface and underground water and the use of new technologies such as remote sensing.
Y. Esmaeli, F. Yosefvand, S. Shabanlou, M.a. Izadbakhsh,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to zone flood probability in the Marzdaran watershed. Since the allocated budget for management work is limited and it is not possible to carry out operations in the whole area, having a map that has prioritized different areas in terms of the probability of flood occurrence will be very useful and necessary. A well-known data mining model namely MaxEnt (ME) is applied due to its robust computational algorithm. Flood inventories are gathered through several field surveys using local information and available organizational resources, and the corresponding map is created in the geographic information system. The twelve predisposing variables are selected and the corresponding maps are generated in the geographic information system by reviewing several studies. The area under the curve (ROC) is used to evaluate the modeling results. Then, the most prone areas of flood occurrence which are prioritized for management operations are identified based on the prepared map. Based on the results, about 100 km2 of the study area is identified as the most prone area for management operations. The results showed that the accuracy of the maximum entropy model is 98% in the training phase and 95% in the validation phase. The distance from the river, drainage density, and topographic wetness index are identified as the most effective factors in the occurrence of floods, respectively.
H. Jafarinia, A. Shabani, S. Safirzadeh, M.j Amiri,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Due to the climatic conditions of Iran, increasing water scarcity, and the effect of drought stress on the efficiency of irrigation water consumption and chemical fertilizers application, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals (6, 9, and 12-day intervals), different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (200, 300, and 400 kg urea per hectare) and cultivation methods (on-ridge or heeling up and in-furrow) on yield and productivity of sugarcane as a factorial design based on randomized complete block design in 3 replications at Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry Company in Khuzestan province. The results showed that the maximum (106.73 tons/ha) and minimum (59.10 tons/ha) sugarcane yields were observed in 9-day and 12-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the highest sugarcane yield (99.89 tons per hectare) was obtained in the treatment of 400 kg urea per hectare and the in-furrow planting method resulted in a higher yield compared to the on-ridge planting method. The highest water productivity in sugarcane stem yield and sugar production with 3.55 and 0.34 kg per cubic meter of applied water, respectively, was obtained in a 9-day irrigation interval. A significant increase in water use efficiency in sugarcane stem yield was observed in 400 kg urea/ha compared to the other two fertilizer levels. However, there was no significant difference in water productivity of sugar yield between different fertilizer treatments. The results showed that 6 and 9-day irrigation intervals in most of the studied traits were not significantly different. Therefore, using a 9-day irrigation interval is suggested in the studied area when the sugarcane cultivation area is high and the amount of available water is limited. In-furrow planting method can also be effective in reducing water consumption. Therefore, deficit irrigation and proper nitrogen fertilizer consumption can be very effective in sugarcane cultivation.
F. Ahmadzadeh Kaleibar, M. Fuladipanah,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Using transfer functions to predict soil moisture parameters has been considered strictly a scientific and economical method among researchers. In this research, field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) of soil were predicted using classic regression (linear and non-linear), support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, and gene programming expression (GEP) algorithm based on three performance assessment criteria as determination of coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and standardized developed discrepancy Ratio (DDR) in the Arasbaran plain in the northwest of Iran. Independent parameters were determined as clay percent (Cl), silt percent (Si), gravel percent (Sa), organic carbon (OC), bulk density (ρb), and actual density (ρs) which (S, ρb, ρs) and (ρb, ρs) were opted to predict FC and PWP using Gamma test, respectively. The results showed that each three transfer functions are capable to simulate FC and PWP parameters but the SVM algorithm is the superior predictor among the three functions so the values of (R2, RMSE, and DDRmax) of training and testing phases for FC were obtained (0.9908, 0.5517, 17.50), (0.9785, 0.7004, 11.62) and those of PWP were calculated (0.9782, 0.5764, 2.85) and (0.8389, 1.187, 3.09), respectively.
Y. Gateazadeh, H.a. Kashkuli, D. Khodadadi Dehkordi, A. Mokhtaran, A. Assareh,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
To monitor and compare the changes of salts in the soil profile around the roots of the corn plant, the plant yield, and the productivity of corn water, an Experimental was conducted in a completely randomized block of three repetitions in two crop years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Ahvaz Agricultural Research Station. Experimental treatments included two subsurface drip irrigation systems with a working depth of 30 cm from the soil surface and tape irrigation and two irrigation intervals of 2 and 4 days. The results of monitoring soil solutes obtained from sampling depths (0-25, 25-50, and 75-50 cm) showed that soil salinity in the second year in both systems as a result of improving the quality of irrigation water from 3.61 dS/m to 2.01 dS/m, it was reduced by two times. The results of soil salinity monitoring showed the highest ratio of salinity reduction with a 2-day irrigation interval in both irrigation systems. The most leaching was done at the irrigation depth of 25-50 cm in the subsurface drip irrigation system and at the depth of 0-25 cm in the tape system. The highest yield of corn dry fodder was 9.13 and 7.13 tons per hectare, respectively, and the best water efficiency based on dry corn fodder at the rate of 13.74 kg/m was obtained in the strip drip irrigation system (tape) with a two-day irrigation interval and in the second crop year. Also, the results of the soil salinity measurement showed that the implementation and exploitation of the drip irrigation system can be the basis for improving the quality of the soil as the most important non-renewable resource of agriculture.
F. Meskini-Vishkaee, A.r. Jafarnejhadi, M. Goosheh, B. Delsooz Khaki, M. Javadzadeh,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for farm irrigation management is using soil readily available water and allowable depletion coefficient. The objective of this study was to determine wheat crop response coefficients, critical moisture content, and soil allowable depletion coefficient using a physically based method in three dominant soils under wheat cultivation in Khuzestan province. Treatments included full irrigation and water stress at three levels low, moderate, and high. The highest and lowest values of wheat crop response coefficient were related to silty clay loam (Ky=1.26) and clay loam (Ky=0.96), respectively. Critical soil moisture content was observed in loam soil (0.25 cm3cm-3)> silty clay loam (0.23 cm3cm-3)> clay loam (0.22 cm3cm-3), respectively. Despite the higher critical moisture content in loam, the most soil allowable depletion coefficient was also calculated in loam (0.54). Soil allowable depletion coefficient in silty clay loam and clay loam were 0.44 and 0.42, respectively. The results confirmed the simultaneous effects of soil and plant properties on the availability of soil water for the plants.
