Showing 126 results for Wheat
V. Jahandideh Mahjen Abadi, M. Sepehri, A.h. Khoshgoftarmanesh, H. R. Eshghizadeh, D. Rahmani Iranshahi,
Volume 19, Issue 71 (6-2015)
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient disorder in the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other cereal crops. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in 2013, using the sterile sand-perlite (2:1 v/v), to study the effects of two beneficial microorganisms on growth and nutritional status of wheat (Nicknejad cultivar). The study was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors consisted of Piriformospora indica (E0: Uninoculated E1: Inoculated), Pseudomonas putida (E0: Uninoculated E1: Inoculated) and Zinc (Zn0: 0 Zn1: 2µM ZnSO4 ). The results showed that inoculation by P. putida increased shoot dry weight at both levels of zinc, but this increase was observed for root dry weight only without zinc application. The iron concentration of shoot was decreased as a result of inoculation by P. putida at both levels of zinc. However, P. indica inoculation increased iron concentration in zinc application, but had no significant effect without zinc application. At both levels of zinc, the highest P, Zn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations were achieved by inoculation with P. indica. Inoculation by P. putida reduced P concentration at both levels of zinc but it reduced Zn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations only with zinc application. The results of this research showed that despite negative effect of P. putida on nutrient uptake, inoculation by P. putida and/or P. indica plays an important role in the promotion of wheat growth in zinc deficiency conditions.
H. R. Motaghian, A. R. Hosseinpur, J. Mohammadi, F. Raiesi,
Volume 20, Issue 75 (5-2016)
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential micronutrients for plant growth and its deficiency frequently occurs in calcareous soils. But, a suitable extractant for estimation of plant-available Zn in calcareous soils, amended with sewage sludge, has not been presented yet. The aim of this research was to assess several chemical extractants (7 extractants) for estimation of available Zn in calcareous soils amended (1% w/w) and unamended with sewage sludge. Results showed that Mehlich 3 and Mehlich 1 extractants extracted the highest and the lowest concentrations of Zn in both amended and unamended soils, respectively. All wheat indices (wheat yield, Zn concentration and Zn uptake) increased by sewage sludge addition. Besides, the results indicated that in unamended soils, significant correlations were found (r=0.65*- 0.91**) between extracted Zn using AB-DTPA, DTPA-TEA and Mehlich 3 extractants and different wheat indices. On the contrary, in sewage sludge-amended soils, only the correlation between extracted Zn using Mehlich 2 and Zn concentration was significant (r=0.83**). According to this study findings, the suitable extractant for extracting wheat-available Zn is thoroughly different in calcareous soils amended and unamended with sewage sludge.
M. Najafi-Ghiri,
Volume 20, Issue 77 (11-2016)
Abstract
The status of soil K forms and its relationship with K content in wheat grain at harvest period may be important for nutrient fertility management. For this purpose, 40 surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil samples and also grain samples from wheat fields of Darab region were randomly sampled in 2014. Then physicochemical properties of the soils and the contents of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K and contents of K in wheat grains were determined. Results indicated that content of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in the studied soils ranged 15-70, 91-443 and 396-1182 mg kg-1, respectively. Significant relationships were obtained between soil K forms and clay, calcium carbonate and CEC. Although it is expected that content of easily available K (soluble and exchangeable K) was low at late stage of wheat growth, most soils had sufficient K content. The positive and significant relationship among different K forms was indicative of the K forms equilibration at the time of wheat harvesting. Although there is not a relationship between K content in wheat grain and soil K forms, it was shown that K content of wheat grain was correlated with soil exchangeable K and clay content in fine-textured soils (clay > 30%). It means that ammonium acetate may be a suitable extractant for estimation of soil K status and plant available K of heavy-textured soils in the studied region.
Dr. S. Akhavan, N. Delavar, Dr. A. M. Mehnatkesh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the climate change impacts on some factors affecting rainfed wheat growth such as effective rainfall, planting date and length of growing season in four stations located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Firstly, it is necessary to predict future (2046-2065) climatic conditions. For this purpose, the output of HADCM3 general circulation model was used under three scenarios of A1B, A2 and B1. The data were downscaled by LARS-WG model. After simulating the climatic parameters in mention period, the effective rainfall during the wheat growing season was calculated by Food and Agriculture Organization method. Also, the optimum planting date was defined according to the date of the first rain (at least 10 mm in case of continuing for next days). The wheat's growth stages were determined by Growing Degree Days method. The results indicated a rise in temperature for four stations. On average, it is expected that the annual temperature increase by 1.8°C compared with the baseline period (2010-1990). Total annual precipitation in Shahrekord, Koohrang and Borujen will decrease 2.2, 7.8 and 3.6 per cent respectively. About Lordegan it will increase by 2.7 per cent. Also, the results showed that in three stations of Shahrekord, Koohrang and Borujen, the amount of effective rainfall in November will increase compared to baseline, but in Lordegan it will reduce. So, in the first three stations, in most years, planting date was obtained earlier than baseline, but in Lordegan it was later than baseline. The Length of growing season will reduce in Shahrekord, Borujen and Lordegan stations, 12 days on average and in Koohrang about 13 days.
M. J. Asadollahzade, A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, M. Sepehri,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency is common in wheat growing areas of the world particularly in calcareous soils. Soil application of chemical fertilizers is considered as a cost-effective and easy approach to combat micronutrient deficiency. However, due to economic, environmental, and agronomic constrains, efficiency of soil fertilization is low in most calcareous soils. Therefore, finding proper and effective approaches to improve fertilizer use efficiency and/or soil availability of metal nutrients is of great importance. This research was performed to investigate the effect of endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica and Zn-sulfate application on root and shoot dry matter yield and uptake of Fe and Zn by wheat. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design; each treatment contained three replicates. Two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Durum and Rushan) were exposed to two Zn fertilizer rates (0 and 15 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O) and were inoculated with and without P. indica. Results showed that inoculation with P. indica increased root and shoot uptake of Fe (25 and 27%, respectively) and Zn (46 and 26%, respectively). In general, inoculation of roots with P. indica resulted in significant increase of shoot and root dry matter yield and uptake of Fe and Zn by both studied wheat cultivars. Infection of wheat roots with P. indica seems to be an effective and environment-friendly approach to improve Fe and Zn uptake in calcareous soil; although further research is needed to clarify all aspects of this approach
C. Tofighi, R. A. Khavari-Nejad, F. Najafi, Kh. Razavi, F. Rejali,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Salinity adversely affects crops metabolism and yield. The present work was conducted to evaluate the singular and interaction influences of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and brassinolide, as an active group of (brassinosteroids) BRs, on some physiological parameters of wheat plants to cope with salt stress14-day old mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae) and non- mycorrhizal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants were foliar sprayed with 0 and 5 µM epibrassinolide 3 times once every two days. Then, each group was treated with 0 and 150 mM NaCl once every 3 days for 10 days. After salt treatment, some plants were harvested to estimate the leaf reducing sugar and glycine betaine contents. After the final growth, all wheat plants were harvested to measure some yield parameters. Synergistic influence of brassinolide and AM fungi was observed in protein and 1000-grain weight. It seemed that this was rooted in the increased accumulation of reducing sugars and glycine betaine, both helping to maintain osmotic potential in cells under high salinity in soil.
M. Noshadi, S. Karimi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
The growth of world population and the demand for agricultural products can be regarded as one of the important issues that humanity has ever faced. There are serious concerns regarding surface and ground water pollution by nitrates because of using nitrogen fertilizers in the agriculture. Improving agricultural water management systems can reduce nitrate in drainage outflow and therefore, reduce the environmental pollution. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the controlled drainage and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate leaching and environment pollution as a factorial randomized complete block design in Shiraz College of Agriculture. The treatments consisted of three fertilizer levels; 0, 200 and 300 kgN/ha, and three water table depths: free drainage, control water table at 60cm (CD60) and 90 cm (CD90) depths, respectively. According to the results, the value of drainage water and nitrate losses in the controlled drainage toward free drainage were significantly increased. The mean reduction of drainage water in CD60 and CD90, as compared to free drainage, was 59.3 and 35.7%, respectively. The decrease nitrate losses, as compared to free drainage, was 72 and 44%, respectively. The total value of nitrate leaching in 200 and 300 kgN/ha fertilizer treatments was 1.86 and 2.48 times of 0 kgN/ ha.
A. Azough, S. K. Marashi, T. Babaeinejad,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
The concern about the war and the threat of terrorism and weapons application and prohibited weapons is growing; on the other hand, the contamination of soil, plant and disease outbreaks in the community is increasing. The main problem with crops, especially wheat in the contaminated soils of war zones, are associated with the high concentrations of heavy metals and toxic things, especially arsenic. Zeolite is one of the solutions to the problem of contaminated soils in war affected areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ionic strength of zeolite on the adsorption of arsenic and nutritional properties of wheat in contaminated soils including weapons. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement involving a randomized complete design with three replications. Treatments included four levels of zeolite 2.5 (a4), 1.5 (a3), 0.5 (a2), 0 (a1) percent of the weight of the soil and two soil recourses, one obtained from out of the war zone (without contamination) (b1) and other one was from the contaminated soil to weapons (b2). The results showed that soils contaminated by weapons increased the concentrations of arsenic in wheat. Also, with the application of Zeolite in the contaminated soil treatments, there was a significant reduction at 1% level and a remarkable increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the wheat grain in both soils.
A. R. Vaezi, . M. Bagheri, K. Afsahi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Soil erosion by water is a serious environmental problem, particularly in semi-arid regions. In these areas, water loss strongly affects soil loss as well as soil productivity in the rainfed lands. Determination of appropriate seed density for each tillage direction is vital to achieve high crop yield and to prevent soil and water losses. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of tillage direction and plant density on the soil and water losses in a rainfed land. Twelve crop plots with the dimensions of 1.5 m × 5 m were installed to investigate the effect of two tillage directions (up to the down slope and on the contour line), two seed densities (90 and 120 kg h-1), a three replications in a rainfed land with 10% slope steepness. Soil and water losses were measured in each plot during the wheat growth period (from October 2015 to June 2016). Significant differences were found between both tillage direction and plant density in the runoff (P<0.05) and soil loss (P< 0.001). Runoff and soil loss in the up to down slope tillage was 4.16 and 4.08 times bigger than the contour line tillage, respectively. Runoff and soil loss with the seed density of 120 kg h-1 were 11.25 and 26.32% lower than those with 120 kg h-1, respectively. This result was associated with the increased cover crop and its control on water flow and the enhancement of water retention in the soil. There was no significant interaction between tillage direction and plant density in the runoff and soil loss. The importance of tillage direction in the soil and water loss was very larger than that of the plant density. The application of 120 kg ha-1 seed density on the contour line could, therefore, considerably prevent soil and water losses in the rainfed lands.
E. Chavoshi, Sh. Arabi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to estimate the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural products and the health risks of them on the human healths around the Irankooh Mine in Isfahan Province. The soil samples (0-20 cm of surface layer) and crop samples (rice and wheat) were collected using the composite and random sampling method. The total concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil were found to be 71.18 and 1.57 mg kg-1. The mean Pb concentrations in rice and wheat were 7.81 and 2.31 mg kg-1, respectively. These values for Cd were 0.15 and 0.124 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean daily intake of Pb through the consumption of cereals was more than the dietary reference intake (3.6 μg kg−1 day−1), but the daily intake of Cd was less than the dietary reference intake. The hazard index (HI) mean value for Pb and Cd for children and adults was 4.60 and 4.64, respectively. It showed that the consumption of the entire foodstuff could lead to potential health risks for consumers. There is also the cancer risk associated with exposure to lead.
B. Rezaeiniko, N. Enayatizamir, M. Norouzi Masir,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Zinc is essential micronutrients for plants. This element improves plant growth and yield and plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Zinc deficiency in soils and Iranian crops is possible due to numerous reasons such as calcareous soils, excessive use of phosphorus fertilizers and unbalanced fertilizer use. The effect of zinc solubilizing bacteria on some wheat properties was considered as a factorial experiment in greenhouse conditions based on a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of four levels of bacteria comprising B1 (control), B2 (Bacillus megaterium), B3 (Enterobacter cloacae) and B4 (consortium of both bacterium), and ZnSO4 fertilizer at three levels including Zn0 (control), Zn20 (20 Kg/ha) and Zn40 (40 kg/ha). During the experiment, some parameters such as plant height and chlorophyll index were measured. At the end of the cultivation period, soil available zinc, dry weight of root and aerial part, and the zinc concentration of the root, shoot and grain were determined. Grain yield and zinc uptake in the grain were also calculated. The results indicated soil exchangeable zinc content was increased significantly (P<0.05) in all bacterial treatments, as compared to the control treatment. The maximum amount of soil exchangeable zinc, grain yield, zinc concentration and uptake in grain were observed in the treatment containing bacteria consortium with the application of 40 kg/ha of zinc sulfate fertilizer, which was followed by the treatment containing Enterobacter cloacae with the application of 40 kg/ha of the zinc sulfate fertilizer. The maximum amount of all measured properties in the treatment containing Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus megaterium indicated the possibility of applying those bacteria for zinc enrichment in wheat, crop optimal production, and the sustainable agriculture.
A. R. Vaezi, S. Rezaeipour, M. Babaakbari,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Limited information is available on the effect of residues rates and slope direction on dryland wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) yield. This study was carried out to determine the effects of residues rates and tillage direction on grain yield and yield components of the Sardary wheat in a dryland region in Zanjan. Five wheat residues rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% surface cover) were applied and incorporated into soil in two slope directions (along the slope and on contour lines) using the randomized complete blocks design with three replications in a land with 10% slope steepness. Overall, thirty plots with 2m × 5 m dimensions were installed in the field and wheat grain yield and yield components were determined for growth period from 2015-2016. Results indicated that grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by the residues rates and slope direction and their interaction. In contour tilled plots, wheat grain yield (1.78 to per hectare), thousand grain weight (42.26 kg) and wheat height (55.11 cm) were 5.32, 5.01, 16.19 and 1.36 percent more than the plots tilled along the slope. The highest grain yield was found in 75% of residue (2.45 ton per hectare) under contour line direction which was about 53% bigger than control treatment (0% straw mulch) under along the slope. This study indicated that the application of straw mulch before cultivation and incorporating into soil using contour line tillage are proper soil management methods to obtain higher wheat yield in this dryland region.
Z. Shirkhodaei, F. Aghayari, H. Hasanpour Darvishi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
There are new technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) that can be effective in the optimization of irrigation water. Therefore, utilizing these resources in a desirable, effective and efficient manner to ensure sustainable development is one of the most important issues in the today's world. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the potential water use efficiency (WUEp) index in the plain scale by using net water requirement data, area under cultivation and yields, and to determine the comparative advantage of wheat and barley plants in Tehran, Alborz, Qom, Qazvin and Zanjan provinces by employing the geographic information system (GIS). The yields of wheat and barley products by weighted average in ArcGIS software were converted to yields in the plains scale. To calculate the potential and actual water use efficiency, we used the OPTIWAT software in order to calculate the net irrigation water and the current irrigation efficiency plains; also, the yields of wheat and barley products in the plains scale were used. Zoning water use efficiency indexes was performed by using the ArcGIS software and Kriging method. Mapping results showed a comparative advantage of crops in the west and northwest of Tehran province, south and southwest of Alborz province, southwest, north- west and center of Qazvin province, center Qom province and also, northern and southern regions of the Zanjan province, in comparison to other areas. Average potential and actual water use efficiency in the whole study area of the provinces for wheat were 1.43 and 0.58 kg m-3, respectively, while these were 1.62 and 0.65 kg m-3 for barley, respectively.
R. Vahedi, M. H. Rasoili-Sadaghiani,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Synergistic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and organic compounds affect the mobility of the micronutrient elements in the rhizosphere and improve their bioavailability. In order to evaluate the effect of biochar and pruning waste compost of apple and grape trees, as well as AMF, on micronutrient bioavailability in calcareous soil at the wheat rhizosphere, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions in a rhizobox study. Some factors including the organic sourses (pruning waste biochar, pruning waste compost and control), microbial inoculation (AMF and no inoculation) were considered. At the end of the growth period, Organic matter (OM) content and bioavailability of micronutrients including iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) in the rhizosphere and their uptake by wheat plant were determined. The results indicated that OM, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil under the influence of organic sources and mycorrhizal inoculation. Furthermore, biochar application in the mycorrhizal tratment resulted in 74.73% and 19.28% increase in Fe and Mn, as compared to non-inoculated conditions, in rhizosphere. The presence of mycorrhizal fungi increased the bioavailability of 94.66% and 29.54% Zn and Cu in the compost treatment, as compared to non-inoculated ones. Application of organic sources and mycorrhizal inoculation increased the micronutrient uptake and plant dry weight.
M. Motamedi, H. R. Eshghizadeh, A. Nematpour, A. Gohari, B. Safa,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
World climate change is an accepted important subject but its negative effects are severe in arid and semi-arid areas of Iran. So, in the present study, two climate scenarios including RCP 8.5 (critical scenario) and RCP 4.5 (moderate scenario) during 2020, 2030, and 2040 decades and their effects on temperature changes in the wheat growth period in five cities of Isfahan province including Isfahan, Najaf Abad, Chadegan, Burkhar, and Meimeh have been investigated. The survey of temperature changes during wheat growth in the next decades showed that Burkhar, Isfahan, Najaf Abad, Chadegan, and Meimeh, respectively will experience more days with a temperature higher than 30°C in 2020, 2030, and 2040 decades than the mean of two recent years (2017-2018). Furthermore, in comparison with present conditions, the most changes in the number of days with a temperature higher than 30°C in next decades climates (2020, 2030, and 2040 decades) will be in Burkhar, Meimeh, Chadegan, Najaf Abad, and Isfahan, respectively. The range of changes percent in the number of days higher than 30°C in next climate conditions rather than present condition will be varied between 5 percent (Isfahan) till 97 percent (Burkhar). The changes percent in all studied cities were more in RCP 8.5 than RCP 4.5. During wheat growth, the number of days less than zero°C will be less in Isfahan, Burkhar, and Meimeh while will be more in Najaf Abad and Chadegan. The evaporation- transpiration will be increased in the next decades during wheat growth. As a result, planning and using compatibility strategies for each city is important to guarantee wheat production.
A. Vaezi, E. Zarrinabadi, Y. Salehi,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
The effective use of rainwater is a key issue in agricultural development in arid and semi-arid regions. The tillage system as an important soil management measure can affect the rainwater retention, soil moisture content, and in consequence crop yield in rainfed lands. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of slope gradient and tillage direction on rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) in rainfed lands in Zanjan Province. The field experiment was performed in five slope gradients (12.6, 15.3, 17, 19.4, and 22%) and two tillage directions (along slope and on contour tillage) at two replications. Mass soil water content was determined at 5-day intervals and runoff was measured after rainfalls. Wheat grain yield was determined for each plot and RWUE was computed using the proportion of wheat grain yield and precipitation. Base on the results, runoff, soil moisture, wheat grain yield, and RWUE were affected by tillage directions, so that runoff in contour line tillage decreased about 6.4 times compared to along slope tillage and in consequence increased soil moisture, wheat grain yield, and RWUE about 8.7, 24.8, and 24.8%, respectively. Increasing runoff production in contour line tillage at steeper slopes was associated with a lower capacity of cultivated furrows that strongly declined soil water retention and negatively affected wheat grain yield and RWUE in the lands. This study revealed that the efficiency of the contour tillage in water retention and RWUE decreases in steeper slopes in rainfed lands.
Sh. Shahmansouri, M.r. Mosaddeghi, H. Shariatmadari,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
According to the rapid population growth, the challenging issue of production of economic and suitable food sources has led to greater attention to soilless culture greenhouse production systems. Components of growth media in horticulture are usually selected based on physical and chemical properties and their abilities in providing enough water and oxygen for roots. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using some agricultural wastes (i.e., sawdust and wheat straw) and three rockwool types (i.e., raw, ground, ground, and sieved) as substitutes for commercial greenhouse growing media such as cocopeat and perlite. Several hydraulic, aeration, and chemical properties including easily available water (EAW), air after irrigation (AIR), water holding capacity (WHC), water buffering capacity (WBC), saturated water content (θs), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), water drop penetration time (WDPT), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured and scored in the growth media. Raw rockwool had larger particles compared to ground rockwool, which resulted in its faster water release. Processing of the rockwool decreased the saturated water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity due to the decrease in particle size. Four growth media were scored as very good and one was scored as good. The highest and lowest scores belonged to sawdust (34) and ground rockwool (30), respectively. The studied growth media with high TP, EAW, and WHC and low BD, EC, and WDPT can be used individually or combined with other commercial substrates for greenhouse growth media.
H. Ramezani Etedali, M. Ahmadi,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
change, accurately predicting wheat production is essential for developing precision agriculture. Remote sensing enables the indirect prediction of crop production before harvest. This research investigates the application of the random forest method and support vector regression for simulating wheat production across ten selected farms in Qazvin Plain from 2019 to 2020, employing NDVI, MSAVI, and EVI vegetation indices. Sentinel 2 satellite data was utilized for the vegetation indices. Production data for the ten wheat fields was obtained from the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Qazvin Province. Evaluation of support vector regression and random forest to assess both the observed and simulated wheat production data was conducted using R2, MBE, RMSE, and MAE statistics. To explore the simulation of wheat production using vegetation indices, seven methods were defined: methods 1 to 3 examine each index separately; methods 4 to 6 focus on binary combinations of the indices; and method 7 considers the combined effects of all three indices. The support vector regression model provided good estimates of wheat production in all methods, except methods one and four, in the test phase, with a coefficient of determination of more than 0.98 and a low RMSE. The random forest model showed significant results in all methods except methods two and six during the test phase, achieving a 95% probability (P-value=0.00) with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.8. Overall, this research highlights the importance and potential of machine learning techniques for timely crop production prediction as a strong foundation for regional food security.
M. Goosheh, A. Azadi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2025)
Abstract
Soil organic carbon provides conditions for better plant growth by increasing soil quality by improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Shavour Agricultural Research Station in Khuzestan Province to investigate the effect of different sources of organic matter on some soil properties and wheat yield. The main plots included cow manure, poultry manure, wheat straw, bagasse, and sugarcane filter cake, and the subplots included three fertilizer levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 tons per hectare. Also, one plot was considered as a control (without organic fertilizer) in each replication. The results showed that the best sources of organic fertilizer available in the province that have had a favorable result in increasing wheat yield and improving soil physical properties are filter cake, cow manure, and sugarcane bagasse fertilizers (with a yield of 4772, 4467, and 4452 kg/ha, respectively). Wheat straw also has the least effect on yield (4019 kg/ha) and plays a major role only in improving soil physical and chemical properties. It is worth noting that since no significant difference was observed between the fertilizer consumption amounts in the overall results, the consumption of 2.5 tons per hectare of each fertilizer source is more economical and is recommended. It also seems that the combined application of filter cake with sugarcane bagasse or cow or chicken manure with wheat straw and stubble, in a total amount of 2.5 tons per hectare, has a more favorable result in increasing wheat yield and improving soil physical properties.
A. Bagheri, A. Yadegari, K. Khaledi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2025)
Abstract
Wheat is a strategic crop, and boosting its production is vital. This study identifies key factors affecting wheat yield by estimating and selecting superior production functions. The research used panel data from crop years 1400-1385 in Isfahan province counties over 15 years, analyzed with EViews 10 software. Results showed water use had the greatest positive effect; a one percent water increase raised wheat yield by 0.41 percent on average. Cultivated area, fertilizer, seeds, and labor also had positive, significant effects. In contrast, air temperature had a negative effect, and agricultural machinery had no significant effect. Isfahan's arid climate and water's role in yield underscore the need for modern irrigation methods and better water use efficiency to improve production.
