Showing 25 results for Naderi
Z. Naderizadeh , H. Khademi ,
Volume 15, Issue 56 (sumer 2011)
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out on the effect of organic matter on soil physical, chemical, biological, and nutritional properties, including the effect of organic matter on the availability of such elements as P, N and heavy metals. There is, however, no information on the effect of organic matter on potassium uptake from micaceous minerals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of organic matter on potassium uptake from micaceous minerals released by alfalfa. An experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with factorial combination and three replicates. Growth medium was a mixture of quartz sand, micaceous mineral (muscovite or phlogopite) and organic matter (0, 0.5 and 1 %). Rehnani cultivar of alfalfa was used in the experiment. During 120 days of cultivation, plants were irrigated with either complete or K-free nutrient solution and distilled water as needed. At the end of cultivation, plant shoots and roots were separately harvested and their K concentration was measured by flame photometer following dry ash extraction. Under the K-free nutrient solution, a significant increase in biomass occurred in pots containing phlogopite and organic matter as compared to those with no organic matter amendment. Also, under K-free condition, potassium concentration in shoot was above the threshold value only in phlogopite amended pots. There was no significant difference in K concentration among different levels of organic matter in control treatment as well as in muscovite added treatment. Under both nutrient solutions treatments, significant increase of K uptake occurred in pots containing phlogopite and organic matter, as compared to those without it. In contrast, under K free nutrient solution, organic matter amendment could not enhance the K uptake in pots containing dioctahedral mica (muscovite). Root activities and organic matter decomposition appear to have increased rhizosphere acidity which, in turn, facilitate the K release from trioctahedral mica (phlogopite) in K deficient medium. Thus, the effect of organic matter on K release greatly depends on the type of micaceous mineral.
N. Yaghmaeian Mahabadi, M. Naderi Khorasgani, J. Givi,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (winter 2012)
Abstract
Remote sensing has been considered as an appropriate tool for temporal monitoring of some natural phenomena. Ardestan Region is prone to land degradation and masked by sand sheets, sand dunes, clay flats, desert pavement and different kinds of salt crust due to dry climate. To study the trends of land degradation in last three decades, four satellite data sets of Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+ and IRS acquired in 1976, 1990, 2001 and 2008, respectively were analyzed. The time series analysis revealed that the bare clayflats have decreased and clayflats with vegetation cover have expanded over 32 years. During this period, the areas which are covered by gravel have decreased 13 percent and both the area covered by salt crusts and aeolians have extended 2 percent. Puffy grounds have developed by 2001 but their magnitudes have decreased between 2001 and 2008 as they have been masked by the moving sand ripples. Reduction of 13 percent of sand sheets between 1990 and 2008 indicates that soil conservation practices have efficiently controlled land degradation and desertification in the area.
Sh. Mahmoudi, M. Naderi, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 63 (Spring 2013)
Abstract
This research was carried out to determine spatial distribution of heavy metals concentration in soil particle size classes using Landsat ETM+ reflectance in Southern Isfahan city in the vicinity of Bama mine. To fulfill this goal, 100 compound soil surface samples were collected randomly from the area. The samples were air dried and soil particle size classes 250-500, 125-250, 75-125, 50-75 and <50 μm were determined using appropriate sieves after dispersion of the bulk samples of soil using ultrasonic apparatus. Total Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after wet digestion of samples in acid nitric. The results indicated significant negative correlation coefficients between heavy metals concentrations of soil particle size classes and soil spectral reflectance in the visible, near infrared and panchromatic bands of Landsat ETM+ satellite. Stepwise multiple regression models were used for estimating heavy metals concentration in soil particle classes through satellite data. Furthermore, spatial distributions of heavy metals were mapped using stepwise multiple regression equations. Results also showed heavy metals concentrations in all soil particle size classes were maximum close to the mines and decreased by increasing the distance from these sources.
A. Morshedi, M. Naderi, S. H. Tabatabaei, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 66 (winter 2014)
Abstract
It is necessary that ETr (Alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration) values be converted to ETo (Grass-reference evapotranspiration) or vice versa. The main objective of this study was to develop ETr to ETo ratios (Kr values) for a growing season in Shahrekord plain, Shahrekord, Iran. Mean monthly and total (growing season) values of Kr were calculated based on 185 daily ET data set in Chaharthakhteh Agricultural Resaerch Station of Shahrekord. The ETr and ETo values were calculated using six models for developing Kr values. The models included the Standardized American Society of civil Engineers Penman-Monteith (ASCE-stPM), American Society of Civil Engineers Penman-Monteith (ASCE-PM), 1982 Kimberly-Penman (KP), and modified Jensen-Haise (JH). Kr values as a function of some of the climatic variables in FAO56 Irrigation and Drainage Paper were compared with lysimeter ETr values. For the growing season, Kr values based on lysimeter study was 1.12, which was comparable to 1.12, and 1.16 for ASCE-PM, and JH, respectively, but was far from 1.27 for 1982 KP models. ETr values in each method compared to ASCE-stPM-ETo were not comparable to 1.40 derived from Kr value based on FAO56 method.
H. Basiri Dehkordi, M. Naderi Khorasgani, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 66 (winter 2014)
Abstract
Landslide as a global disaster causes great human and financial damages. Identification of landslide causes and zonation assist in instability control and construction projects siting. This study aimed to identify landslide causes and instability zonation in Ardal county, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Current landslides were delineated through field survey and interpretation of Earth Google images and geologic maps. By using Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope, aspect, geologic, soil, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers and landuse/landcover maps and expert knowledge, the pairwise comparison matrix was designed. The weights for all the involved thematic maps were calculated and susceptible zones were mapped. The hazard map indicated more than 77% of current landslides are located in the severe and very severe hazard classes. Comparing landslide hazard map and trigger maps revealed the most influential factors in landslides are distance to roads and slope maps while distance to faults and aspect show the lowest impacts on landslides.
S. Heydari Soreshjani, M. Shayannejad, M. Naderi, B. Haghighati,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation on qualitative and quantitative yield and determine the corn's optimum depth of Irrigation in sShahrekord, a randomized complete block design experiment was done with 7 treatments including 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 115 and 130 percent of soil moisture deficit and three replications in furrow irrigation. Effects of irrigation levels on yield, water use efficiency, weight of dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, median diameter, length and weight of corn were significant. Different levels of irrigation had no significant effect on seed oil and protein content, but their impact on plant fiber content was significant. With increasing depth of irrigation, stem length, grain weight and plant fiber content increased. The minimum and maximum corn yield were related to 40 and 130% of full irrigation with the yield of 43.1 and 88.1 tons per hectare, respectively. The maximum and minimum use efficiencies were 55 and 130% of full irrigation treatments with values of 16.17 and 10.1 Kg per cubic meter, respectively. The result of economic analysis showed that the water consumption is 5/582 mm, equivalent to 86% full irrigation depth.
A. Morshedi, M. Naderi, S. H. Tabatabaei, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (Summer 2017)
Abstract
Conventional methods for estimating evapotranspiration are based on point measurement and suitable for local areas, therefore, cannot be generalized for larger areas or watershed basins. The remote sensing technology is capable of using satellite images and meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration in a wider area. In this study, estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) by SEBAL and METRIC models based on Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor were compared against ET measured by lysimeter on seven satellites passing time over Shahrekord plain located in Karun basin. The results showed that the lowest indices of NRMSE, MAE and MBE (respectively, 0.317, 1.503 and -0.973 mm per day) and the maximum of d index (0.768) belonged to SEBAL. These indices were 0.420, 2.120, 2.023 and 0.646 for METRIC, respectively. The results showed that the SEBAL was more accurate than METRIC model for estimating ET under Shahrekord plain conditions. As long as the possibility of getting complete hourly meteorological data be provided, or some modifications on METRIC model were done, SEBAL show closer results to reality, and therefore is recommended.
S. Moradnia, R. Naderi, M. Najafi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (Summer 2017)
Abstract
In order to investigate the persistence of organic amendments, nitrogen and zinc effects on soil characteristics in rapeseed-wheat rotation, a factor analysis was conducted in a complete random design with three replications in two consecutive years in a greenhouse. Treatments in the first year consisted of N fertilizer, municipal waste compost, vermicompost, sheep manure. The control consisted of zinc and two rapeseed cultivars. In the second year of the experiment, two cultivars of durum wheat were sown in the same pots as the first year of the experiment. Results showed that two years after application of cattle manure, a significant increase in soil electrical conductivity (41.81 %), available K (59.45 %) and available Mn (79.82 %) compared to the control were found. Saturated soil moisture (48.57%), total N (94.66 %), available Fe (46.49 %) and available Cu (47.51 %) significantly increased by municipal waste compost compared to the control. Also, Zinc had a significant effect on soil total N (0.28 %), available K (218.4 mg/kg) and available Mn (12.89 mg/kg). Generally, the results showed that application of organic amendments can change many soil characteristics which some of their impacts might last for next upcoming years. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the soil characteristics and nutrients availability of the fields that were treated with organic amendments in the years after application.
A. Morshedi, M. Naderi, S. H. Tabatabaei, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possibility of using the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) and mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) models to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) in Shahrekord plain (Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran). Two sets of Landsat ETM+ data dated June 30th and August 21st, 1999 were provided to estimate and compare reference evapotranspiration (alfalfa) at regional scale using Landsat ETM+ data to ET estimations by five mathematical methods (experimental and combined) known as standardized Penman-Monteith by American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE-stPM), Penman-Monteith (F56PM), Blaney-Cridle (F24BC), Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and evaporation pan (F24P). Results showed that ET at cold anchor pixel for SEBAL were 6.97 and 6.77 millimeters per day and for METRIC were 10.27 and 9.31 millimeters per day, on days when the satellite passed over. Hargreaves-Samani ET values, as the suitable mathematical model for the studied area, were 8.0 and 7.5 millimeters per day, respectively, on two satellite passes. Results showed that, in the first pass all statistical indices for SEBAL were less than the second pass, maybe due to higher air temperature and wind speed. On the other way, statistical indices in METRIC on the alternate pass, however, showed higher values over the corresponding values in SEBAL. ET values on two satellite passes for anchor pixels were 5.65 and 5.93 mm/day in SEBAL, and 5.22 and 6.65 mm/day in METRIC, respectively. ET values on the same days of satellite overpass for Hargreaves – Samani (HS) were 8.0 and 7.5 mm/day. Consequently, based on the results, both RS-ET models were comparable to empirical models such as (HS). Generally, the results showed that SEBAL had higher accuracy than METRIC, presumably due to lack of accurate weather data (hourly data), so SEBAL is recommended in similar conditions. Generally, the results showed that SEBAL had higher accuracy in comparison to HS and lysimeters data than METRIC, so SEBAL is recommended in similar conditions.
M. Naderi, M. Shayannejad, B. Haghighati, S. Karimi, S. Heydari,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
Considering water scarcity in Iran, application of deficit irrigation or water stress on some crops is inevitable. We need to provide appropriate design for deficit irrigation. Furrow irrigation management to obtain high efficiency and uniformity is difficult. Therefore, to investigate the variation of the input discharge, the cut-off time and furrow length that are effective on the efficiency and uniformity are very important. The purpose of this research is to provide a method for determining the optimum water use depth and optimizing furrow irrigation design in deficit irrigation conditions and finally comparing design characteristics under full irrigation conditions and deficit irrigation and comparison in different soil tissues. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, an experiment was conducted on forage corn in Shahrekord in a completely randomized block design with 7 treatments of different levels of irrigation in 3 replications. The costs and benefits functions were determined based on design variable and depth of applied water. The software Lingo was used to optimize the design variables (length of the furrow, the input discharge and cut-off time) and depth of applied water in deficit irrigation condition. The results showed that the highest net profit was obtained using 535 mm (equivalent to 79% of full irrigation) and 85 meters, 0.39 liter per second and 188 minutes, respectively, for the length of furrow, input discharge and cut-off time. The results of this design were compared to full irrigation of deferent soil textures. The results showed that an increase in the permeability of the soil caused length of furrow and the cut-off time to decrease, while the flow rate increases and depth of applied water or percent of deficit irrigation were constant.
M. Tayebi, M. Naderi, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study distribution of some heavy metals in different soil particle-size fractions and to assess their spatial distribution. The study was carried out in Kafe Moor (Kerman, Iran) where the Gol-Gohar Iron Mine is located. One hundred twenty composite soil samples were randomly collected and transferred to the laboratory in bags. After air-drying, the samples were fractionated into six classes including 2- 0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.125, 0.125- 0.075, 0.075-0.05 and <0.05 mm. Elemental concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni) were determined using acid digestion method (HNO3, 4.0 N) and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in each class. Ordinary Kriging technique was used for predicting spatial distribution of heavy metals. The results showed that content of metals in soil increased with decreasing particle size. The results also showed that the concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni in <0.05 mm size fraction were 2.13, 1.70, 4.79,2.43, 1.42, and 3.47 times higher than in 2-0.05 mm size fraction, respectively. In addition, mapping the concentrations of heavy metals with kiriging showed that metals pollution decreased with increasing distance from mines area.
N. Rashidi, M. Naderi, Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Nowadays application of soil conditioners for mitigation and reduction of runoff is a current method. Considering the advantages of Polyacrylamide (PAM), this study was arranged to evaluate impacts of this soil conditioner on soil infiltration rate, runoff and erosion control. To fulfill the goal, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was carried out with four PAM treatments (0, 6, 10, 20 kgha-1), three slope levels (3, 6 and 9 %), three irrigation treatments and three replications. Surficial (0-10 cm) soil samples were collected from Shahrekord University campus and poured into square plots (55×55cm) with 15 cm depth, after pretreatments. The plots were treated with a simulated rainfall intensity of 36 mm.h-1 for 15 minutes and the attributed runoff, sediment load and drained water were collected and measured. The results showed significant differences among the runoff and soil erosion of control and of PAM treated soils. PAM minimized the raindrop negative impacts on soils and improved water infiltration and diminished the attributed runoff. Soil treatment with PAM as a soil conditioner significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield in all treatments.
A. Hematifard, M. Naderi, A. Karimi, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Assessment of soil quality helps to make a balance between soil function and soil resources, improving soil quality and achieving the sustainable agriculture. For the quantitative evaluation of soil quality in the Shahrekord plain, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, 106 compound surficial soil samples (0-25 cm) were collected. After the pre-treatments of soil samples, 11 physico-chemical soil characteristics/indicators as the total data set (TDS) were measured using the standard methods. Statistical analysis showed the usefulness of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) transformation. The minimum data set (MDS) was selected using PCA. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was carried out for the quantitative determination of indicator priorities and weights. Soil quality of the samples was calculated by introducing TDS and MDS into Integrate Quality Index (IQI) and Nemero Quality Index (NQI). The results showed the soil quality of the land uses was as Rangelands> Drylands<Irrigated croplands. The correlation coefficient between IQI-TDS and IQI-MDS was 0.97, while this value for NQI-TDS and NQI-MDS was 0.98. The correlation coefficient between IQI-TDS and NQI-TDS was 0.87 and that between IQI-MDS and NQI-MDS was 0.91. Classification of the resulted soil quality map IQI-TDS revealed that 12.5 % and 15.5 % of the plain were in very high and low quality conditions, respectively.
S. Mirbagheri, M. Naderi, M. H. Salehi, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Rivers are one of the most important source of water supply for drinking and farming purposes. Zard River is one of the surface water resources of Khuzestan province. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of the river water and to observe the trend of changes in the water quality of this river in the Mashin station during the period of 1997-2015 by using the Man-Kendal, Spearman, variance analysis statistical methods and the least significant difference (LSD) and cluster analysis. LSD test shows SAR, Na, Cl, pH parameters up to 2010 (before Jare dam construction) were significant at 95% confidence level compared to 2015 (year of control). No changes were made after dam construction. According to Mann-Kendal non-parametric test, pH, Ca and SO4 have a significant upward trend to the 0.037, 0.393 and 0.376 respectively, the variables Cl, SAR, Na and temperature have a significant decreasing trend to the -0.387, -0.417, -0.386 and -0.1 respectively. Also Spearman test shows that the dam improved the quality of river water regarding to salinity. Variance analysis show that pH, SAR, Na, Cl, Ca and SO4 have significant difference. Cluster analysis classified the qualitative data before the construction of the dam in three clusters and after the construction of the dam were divided into two clusters where TDS variable was less distant than other variables. As a result, the quality of the irrigation water is changed downward and the TDS is more similar to the other variables compared.
A.r. Tavakoli, H. Hokmabadi, A. Naderi Arefi, A. Hajji,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (Winiter 2022)
Abstract
Due to limited access to water, it is necessary to determine the comparative advantage of crops and horticultural products in different parts of the province and identify products that lack the desired productivity. Then, find ways to improve water productivity or replace products with higher comparative advantage with low-yield products. Based on this, the crop and economic productivity index of the province's agricultural and horticultural products under surface irrigation systems was determined. Based on the results of gross economic productivity of horticultural products, pistachio with 48690 Rials per cubic meter had the highest economic productivity, and grapes with 30220 Rials per cubic meter (62% of pistachios) was in second place. In addition, water quality for pistachios can never be generalized for grapes and other crops, and this is a tremendous advantage for pistachios that low-quality water resources can also be used. The lowest gross economic productivity of water for barley, alfalfa, and wheat is equal to 3790, 3990, and 4570 Rials per cubic meter, respectively. The study of fodder corn shows that the net profit from the cultivation of this crop in the surface irrigation system is equal to 51.78 million Rials per hectare and its net profit in the strip drip irrigation system (tape) is equal to 110.87 million Rials, which it has a 2.14-fold increase compared to the conventional irrigation method. The comparative advantage of horticultural products was higher than that of crops, and the replacement and development of orchards instead of some crops is recommended as a solution. In addition, solutions that can be recommended to improve the productivity index include the use of a drip irrigation system (tape) for crops (fodder corn, tomatoes, summer crops, and potatoes) and the use of drip irrigation (normal, subsurface, and subsurface modified drip) for horticultural products. Examination of practical experiences of using tape irrigation system for wheat and barley showed that this method has not improved the agricultural and economic productivity index, which indicates the lack of comparative advantage of wheat and barley cultivation in Semnan Province even with tape irrigation system.
S. Dehghani, M. Naderi Khorasgani, A. Karimi,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Knowledge of the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in different components of soil particles is significant to assess the risk of heavy metals. The objective of this study was to evaluate some pollution indices and spatial variations in their estimation in different components of soil particle size fractions (<2000 and> 63 μm) in the Baghan watershed in the southeast of Bushehr province with an area of about 929 square kilometers. The location of 120 surficial composite soil samples (0-20 cm) was determined by using the Latin hypercube method. Soil pollution was assessed using geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI). The kriging method was used in the Arc GIS software to interpolate the spatial variations of CF and PLI. Based on the results, the CF displayed the particles in the size < 2000 microns compared to all metals in moderate pollution conditions (1≤CF <3) and with the fineness of soil particles (particles with a diameter <63 microns) concerning to Cd metal shows significant contamination status and moderate pollution with other metals, respectively. CFZn, CFCu, and CFFe in particle size <2000 microns and CFPb in finer class were fitted with a spherical model and other metal contamination coefficients with an exponential model. CFCd and CFFe have the highest impact ranges at <2000 and < 63 microns, respectively. The results of this research confirm that corrective operation is needed to monitor cadmium status in the studied area.
K. Shirani, R. Arfania, Y. Fereydoni, R. Naderi Samani, M. Shariati, M. Faizi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
Groundwater is always considered one of the important water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. In recent decades, it has decreased drastically due to excessive use. The objective of this study was to determine the best interpolation method and evaluation of the spatiotemporal variations for the groundwater level in the Sahneh-Biston plain of Kermanshah province during three decades from 1991 to 2020. At first, four Gaussian, linear, spherical, and power semi-variograms were obtained for observations. Then, the best semi-variogram and interpolation methods were selected among the evaluated methods for zoning the groundwater level in the region. The lowest value of the sum of RMSE, MBE, and MAE error criteria and the highest coefficient of determination (R2) between observations and estimates in all three decades and the average of the entire period were calculated and considered to evaluate the most appropriate semi-variogram and interpolation methods for spatial distribution. The results showed that the ordinary kriging method with Gaussian semi-variogram is the best method to estimate the groundwater level in the Sahneh-Biston plain. The average difference between the minimum and maximum groundwater levels based on the observation wells of the study area and the zonation method is from 1279 to 1372 meters and 1289 to 1409 meters during the studied period time, respectively. The groundwater level is placed in more depth with the proximity to the central and southern regions. The maximum decrease and increase of groundwater level variations have been 12 and 19 meters during three decades, respectively. Also, the underground water level variations during these three decades showed that both the second and third decades compared to the first decade and the third decade compared to the second decade have increased in more than 50% of the region. This increase can be caused by the optimum management and water use in these years. Therefore, groundwater level monitoring provides effective help for experts and users in planning and optimal management of groundwater for the sustainable development of water resources.
M. Naderi Khorasgani, T. Azarbeig, J. Mohammadi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals is a significant issue that threatens human health directly and indirectly. The objectives of this research were to map the extension of some heavy metals in soils of a part of Sirjan Plain, Kerman province, to study the role of natural agents on the distribution of heavy metals, and to assess the risk of soil heavy metal concentration for human health. 120 surficial (0-15 cm) compound soil samples were collected during fieldwork. Soil characteristics like soil texture components, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and total soil heavy metal (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) concentrations were measured using standard protocols. The mapping of soil texture components and heavy metals was done by the usual Kriging method. Results indicated significant correlation coefficients between soil texture components (silt and clay) and total soil Fe and Cu concentrations. Dominant wind direction and spatial distribution of Fe, Cu, and Zn strongly induced the possible dust-born origin of such elements. Results revealed that the sources of Fe, Cu, and Zn were different from those of Cd and Pb. Maximum soil Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations were in the southern part of the study area, increasing in an upwind direction while for Cd and Pb, maximum soil concentrations were in the northern part of the study area. The Nemerow integrated pollution index revealed that soils were clean for Cd, lowly polluted for Fe, Pb, and Cu, and moderately polluted for Zn.
M. Naderi, V. Sheikh, A. Bahrehmand, C.b. Komaki, A. Ghangermeh,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Greenhouse gases and the occurrence of climate change have occurred with the development of technology and the industrialization of human societies. long-term forecasting of climate parameters has always been interesting due to the importance of climate change for the earth and its inhabitants. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are one of the most widely used methods for evaluating future climate conditions. In the present study, the results of three general circulation models including the American model of GFDL-CM3, the Canadian model of CanESM2, and the Russian model of inmcm4ncml for the study area were evaluated and the CanESM2 model was selected as the superior model. The RCP scenarios 2.6, 4.5, and RCP 8.5 were used with the CanESM2 model to assess climate change conditions across the Hablehroud River basin for the period 2020-2051. According to the results, the total monthly precipitation shows an increasing trend in the coming decades 2020-2051 period compared to the period 1986-2017. The results of the study of temperature changes in the period 2020-2051 in the Hablehroud River basin also indicate an increase in the monthly average of maximum and minimum temperatures in the coming decades. The consequences of these conditions are of great hydrological importance in the study area, this condition necessitates the adoption of climate change adaptation policies in this watershed.
Z. Naderizadeh, H. Khademi, A. Shamsollah,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Although several reports are available on the distribution of Palygorskite in the soils of arid regions of Iran, there is not much information about the presence and abundance of this important fibrous clay mineral in the soils of Bushehr Province. This research was carried out: (1) to investigate the distribution of Palygorskite and other major associated clay minerals, and (2) to evaluate the relationship between the relative quantity of Palygorskite in clay-sized fraction and the most important soil properties in Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province. Five geomorphic surfaces including eroded rock outcrop, rock outcrop, dissected hill, alluvial fan, and alluvial plain were identified in the study area using Google Earth images and field observations. After sampling representative pedons, the clay mineralogy of two horizons from each pedon was determined. X-ray diffractograms and SEM images showed that in the studied soils, which were classified as either Aridisols or Entisols, Palygorskite was present in different quantities on all geomorphic surfaces. Moreover, Illite, Chlorite, Smectite, irregularly interstratified Chlorite/Illite, and Kaolinite were the other clay minerals that existed in the soils studied. The relative quantity of Palygorskite and Smectite was variable on different geomorphic surfaces. Regardless of the type of geomorphic surface, petrogypsic and gypsic horizons showed the highest quantity of Palygorskite as compared to other horizons which seems to be due to the suitable geochemical conditions of these horizons for the formation and stability of Palygorskite mineral. The higher correlation of Palygorskite content with gypsum, as compared to that with the carbonates, indicates the importance of gypsum in Palygorskite distribution in the soils of the study area. The findings also indicated that the amount of Palygorskite was positively correlated with soluble Mg/Ca ratio, pH, gypsum, and soluble Mg. These parameters appear to control the genesis and distribution of Palygorskite in the soils studied. In general, it is necessary to pay special attention to their clay mineralogy, especially the significant amount of Palygorskite to manage the soils of the study area and to reasonably predict their behavior.
