Showing 401 results for Ag
N. Dadashi, M. R. Khajehpour,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in 2000 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, to model the response of four safflower genotypes to day length and temperature changes under field conditions. Five planting dates (March 12, April 12, May 10, June 8, and July 12) and four safflower genotypes (Arak 2811, local variety Koseh, Nebraska 10 and Varamin 295) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with split-plot layout in three replications. Date of planting was considered as the main plot and cultivars were randomized in the sub-plots. Number of days from planting (P) to emergence (E), stem elongation (SE) to head visible (HV), and HV to flowering initiation (FI) significantly reduced with delay in planting as the result of increase in temperature during these periods. Number of days from P to SE, duration of flowering (DF) and termination of flowering (TF) to physiological maturity (PM) were significantly affected by planting date and reduced as day length increased. The same was observed in the case of number of days from P to 50% flowering (MF) and to PM. Large co-variation of day length with temperature may explain a portion of day length contribution to the variation in the above periods. Varamin 295 was later than other genotypes with respect to the duration from P to HV, and specially, for rosette duration. In addition and for unknown reasons, the rate of development (RD) of Varamin 295 at all developmental periods could not be explained by day length and/or temperature variables. Among other genotypes, Koseh with 125 days, and Nebrska 10 with 118 days from P to PM were the latest and the earliest genotypes, respectively. The response of Koseh to planting dates, as measured by the duration of various developmental stages, differed from Arak 2811 and Nebraska 10. This was attributed to the probable response of Koseh to day length. RD of Koseh, Arak 2811, and Nebraska 10 during P to MF was explained by a linear regression and RD of Koseh during P to PM by a polynomial regression with day length by mean temperature as an independent variable. RD of Arak 2811 and Nebraska 10 during P to PM was explained by minimum temperature. It seems that partial sensitivity of Koseh to day length has a considerable significance in its adaptation to environmental conditions prevailing in the summer under Isfahan climatic conditions.
S. S. Eslamian, A. Zarei, A. Abrishamchi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
An approach for regional low flow frequency analysis is to use multiple regression techniques for obtaining relationships between low flows with specific return periods and catchments characteristics. In this paper, this method has been used. After single-site frequency analysis for 20 stream gauging stations, homogeneity test was performed. Regional relationships between low flows with return periods 2 , 5 , 10, and 20 years and catchments characteristics were derived.
For this purpose, catchment area, mean elevation, minimum elevation, shape factor, main channel length, length of main chanel from catchment centroid to outlet, forest area, mean annual rainfall, and mean catchment slope as model inputs were examined and cachment area, mean elevation, and mean catchment slope entered to the models. Finally, the mean relative error of models for different return period, 2, 5, 10, and 20 years, was computed 41.1, 41.3, 45.0, 47.2 percent, respectively that in comparison with other studies, it displays smaller errors.
F. Tajik,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Aggregation is an important temporal property of soil structure that is affected by intrinsic soil properties and also soil use and management. Aggregate stability has a strong influence on many processes in soil such as infiltration, aeration, strength, erosion, and soil’s ability to transmit liquids, solutes, gases, and heat. In this study, undisturbed soil specimens from 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths were sampled during summer 1999 from some regions in Iran including Golestan, Kermanshah, West Azerbaijan, and Mazendaran. After drying the samples in lab, the different sizes of aggregates were separated and the wet aggregate stability (WAS) and dispersible clay (DC) were determined on 2-2.8 mm aggregates according to Pojasok & Kay procedure (1990). The variance analysis of data showed significant differences among soils in all regions. The averages were compared by Duncan test to find the following order: Mazendaran > Golestan > Kermanshah > West Azerbaijan. Regression analysis of data of whole regions showed that the variability of aggregate stability was mainly explained by organic carbon content (R2=0.723 in P > 0.0001). The clay content had the greatest effect on aggregate stability in samples from Golestan while sand content had the greatest effect in samples from West Azerbaijan. The resulting equations from stepwise regression can be used to estimate aggregate stability from other soil variables in the study regions.
A. Karimi, E. Rowghani, M. J. Zamiri, M. Zahedifar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of substituting alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa) with Gundelia tournefortii hay (a range forage in Fars Province) in the ration of fattening lambs. Alfalfa hay was substituted with Gundelia tournefortii harvested at the final stages of flowering at various ratios (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% dry matter basis) in the ration of fattening lambs. The rations (iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic) were pelleted and each ration was fed for 75 days to 12 Shirazi Grey ram lambs with an average age of 136 days. The lambs were slaughtered and their feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were measured. Substituting alfalfa hay with Gundelia tournefortii hay did not significantly affect the mean daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, internal fat weight, carcass meat content, or meat DM and CP contents (p>0.05). However, backfat depth was significantly different among various rations (p<0.01). At present costs, the inclusion of Gundelia tournefortii in the ration of fattening lambs seemed to be cost-effective the cost of one kg DM of ration was 1266, 1155, 1050, 924, and 787 Rials for rations 1 to 5, respectively.
F. Padasht Dehkaei, Sh. Mansouri Jajaei H. Rouhani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
One hundred and two microorganisms were isolated from 85 paddy soil samples of different locations in Guilan Province. Antagonistic effects of the microorganisms were tested against Gibberella fujikuroi on PDA medium. Twenty one microorganism isolates were selected for seed treatment in blotter test. Seven isolates that were satisfactorily effective in reducing pathogen colonies formed on seeds and seedlings were tested in controlling disease in a greenhouse experiment with split plot design. The antagonists were Bacillus subtilis, B. circulans, Bacillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens (2 isolates), and F.23 (unidentified). Results showed that all antagonists effectively reduced the disease in sterilized soil compared with control but overall effectiveness of B. subtilis, T. harzianum, and T. virens was higher than others and lower than the fungicide treatment (thiophant methyl thiram W.P. 80% , 2g/L). It was found that when seeds were treated with antagonists prior to inoculation with the pathogen, the effectiveness of antagonists was significantly better than when they were applied after seed infection with the pathogen.
S. Seyedebrahimi, R. Ebadi, M. Mobli, B. Hatami,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
In order to study the nectar quantity and quality of some onion cultivars and honeybees foraging activity on them, a complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted. Ten selected onion cultivars consisting of Ghom, Kashan, Azarshahr, Dorcheh, Tarom, Kazeroon 1, Kavar, Abarkooh, Hurand, and Yellow Sweet Spanish were used. Sixty mm mother bulbs of different onion cultivars were planted in 3×4 m plots on 6 lines. The distance between rows was 35 cm and plants were spaced 25 cm apart on each row. At flowering time, bees’ activity on the inflorescences was studied and flower nectar was collected in 10 micro-liter capillary tubes. Nectar volume was determined and analyzed. Mean numbers of honeybees visiting on inflorescence every 10 minutes and the mean residing time of each honeybee on a seed stalk (inflorescence) were significantly different in different cultivars. Hurand flowers had the least number of visitors and Dorche flowers had the longest visiting time. The amount of nectar varied in different cultivars, so did glucose (G), fructose (F), and sucrose (S) contents. Except for the Abarkuh cultivar that had more glucose than it had other sugars, all the cultivars had higher quantities of fructose than they had other sugars while sucrose had the least quantities among the sugars. Nectar sugar ratio in most of the cultivars was hexose dominant, which was identified by the low S/(F+G) ratio. Potassium, calcium, and sodium contents in nectar were different in different cultivars, too. Finally, the results showed that foraging activity of honeybees on onion inflorescences depends on the interactions of several factors such as nectar quantity and, more importantly, on sugar quantity and ratio as well as potassium content. .
N. Mehrdad, M. Alikhani, G. R. Ghorbani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (3× 5× 3), three fistulated sheep with an average body weight of 47.5 ± 2.5 kg were used to determine the effect of cutting and growing stages (no bloom , early bloom and full bloom) on chemical composition and In situ degradability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Nylon bags (50 µm pore size) were filled with 3.5 g of each sample and suspended in the rumen before morning feeding and incubated for seven different times (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h). The results showed that alfalfa at no bloom stage had the highest crude protein and the lowest crude fiber content. The third – cut alfalfa had the highest degradability of dry matter and organic matter. Extent of degradability depended on crude fiber and solubility. During growth stage, the protein, soluble material and degradability levels decreased while crude fiber, neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP), and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) increased. The amount of ADICP was an estimate of unavailable crude protein in the rumen. Although the rate of organic matter degradation was maximum in full bloom, no significant difference was observed between the three stages of growth. Effective degradability (ED) of crude protein was significantly different among stages the growth (p<0.05). Effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) with a passage rate of 6%/h was significantly higher in the third cutting of alfalfa. The results of this study showed that first cutting and full bloom alfalfa had the lowest and fifth cutting and no bloom had the highest CP levels. The effect of cutting and growing stages on degradability parameters was variable and did not allow any firm conclusions to be made.
L. Mosharaf, A. Ghasemi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
In this study the effects of four quince harvesting times (at 10 - day intervals), in 2 years on fruit quality during cold storage for 5 months at 0˚C and 85% Relative Humidity were investigated. Fruits were picked from orchards in Flavargan region of Isfahan. Every month, pH, sugar content, acidity, TSS, tissue firmness of fruits were determined. Variance analysis shows that the effect of year on TSS, sugar content, and pectin was siginificant (α =1%) as well as on tissue firmness (α =5%). Harvesting time effect was only significanrt on sugar content while storage time showed a significant effect on TSS, Sugar content and acidity of fruits. Year and harvesting time interaction effect on sugar content and TSS was significant ( α=1%). Year and storage time interaction effect on pH, pectin and tissue firmness was significant while no significant effect on measured parameter was observed for harvesting time and storage time interaction. Simultaneous effect of year, Storage time and harvesting time on pH, pectin and tissue firmness was significant ( α=1%). Meanwhile average analysis by Duncan test showed that different harvesting times had no significant effect on measured parameters except on fruit sugar content. Acidty , pH., and TSS values were changing significantly durig storage. Sugar content of 4th and 5th months of storage was maximum. Pectin content, acidity and tissue firmness showed the maximum level at the first harvesting time while pH was maximum at the 2nd harvesting time. It was concluded that 4th harvesting time (181 days after flowering period) and 5 months of cold storage are the optimum conditions to keep the quality quince.
G. R. Mesbahi, J. Jamalian, H. Golkari,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
Mayonnaise is a food emulsion containing egg yolk as emulsifier and some sort of gum as stabilizer. Iran is a main producer of tragacanth gum in the world which could be a potential replacement for imported gums used in making mayonnaise .The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of substituting this gum for imported stabilizers in the formulation of mayonnaise sauce. To do this, tragacanth powder was added to the sauce at the levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1% . Emulsion stability and apparent viscosity of the sauces were determined and compared with that of the commercial one to find the right concentration of tragacanth. This concentration was used to produce mayonnaise on a commercial scale and then its physico-chemical characteristics, microbiological stability, and organoleptic properties were compared with commercial mayonnaise. The shelf-life of the sauce samples were also monitored bimonthly up to 4 months at two different temperatures (5 and 25 oC) by measuring apparent viscosity, moisture content, pH, microbial count, and organoleptic parameters. The results were compared with those obtained for commercial sauce. The results indicated that the characteristics of tragacanth-containing mayonnaise were similar to those of the commercial one and that the former was acceptable to consumers. Therefore, gum tragacanth at the right concentration could be a suitable subsitute for the stabilizers and thickeners already used in making mayonnaise sauce.
M. Farshadfar, E. Farshadfar,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
Agropyron is one of the most resistant plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. It plays an important role in forage yield in rangelands. Genetic variability based on different markers is the important step in crop improvement. In order to evaluate the genetic variation of different Agropyron species based on morphological and chemical traits, this experiment was carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah. The tiller numbers, spike length, spikelet numbers, length of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, plant height, peduncle length, ash percentage, organic matter, fiber, dry matter, fat and crude protein were registered. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS software. According to cluster analysis the tetraploid genotypes were classified into 5 clusters. Based on principal components analysis the length of flag leaf, spike length and plant height, and among the chemical traits of the ash percentage, organic matter, and crude protein had the highest portions of variance. The genetic parameters such as PCV, GCV, ECV, Hb and Ga for length of flag leaf were 0.274, 0.169, 0.215, 0.382, 3.05 and for spike length were 30.96, 21.64,22.139, 0.48, 5.786 and for plant height were 0.16, 0.084, 0.136,0.276, 6.054, respectively.
A. Asadi Alamoti, M. Alikhani, Gh. Ghorbani, A. Samie,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2004)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of millet silage prepared in laboratorial mini silos and to determine the effects of additives on its fermentation quality. Whole millet (Panicum milliaceum) was harvested at milk and soft-dough stages of maturity, left untreated or treated with ground barely, molasses, formic acid, lactic acid producing bacteria, and combination of molasses plus inoculant, and were ensiled in a completely randomized design in 2×6 factorial arrangement. Stage of maturity had no significant effect on NDF and ADF, buffering capacity, residual water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility however, values for dry matter, crude protein and pH were significantly different. Loss of dry matter, elevated NH3-N (24% of total nitrogen) and increased butyric and acetic acid levels (.2 and 1.33% DM, respectively) in control silage indicated clostridial fermentation. Between treatments, the lowest NH3-N was observed for silages treated with formic acid. Molasses and molasses plus inoculant produced higher lactic acid and lower butyric acid. Higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility showed positive effects of additive usage compared to control group. Addition of molasses and molasses plus inoculant resulted in higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (63.1 and 64.3 %, respectively), but no significant differences were observed between barely, formic acid and inoculant treated silages. Results of this study clearly showed the need for adding a source of water soluble carbohydrates to millet in order to obtain a good quality silage. Also inoculation of lactic acid bacteria does not necessarily promote homolactic fermentation if insufficient amounts of water soluble carbohydrates are presented.
H. Sedighi, M. Beglarian,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Today, privatization of agricultural extension services is recognized as an appropriate approach to compensate for any weakness that the traditional extension system might have. The primary objective of this research was to study the attitude of the national top managers (including general managers, their deputies, and extension managers) of Jihad-e Keshavarzi Organizations (JKO), toward privatization of agricultural extension. Twenty JKOs from 20 provinces were randomly selected for study. A questionnaire was developed to the gather information needed and 107 general managers, deputies, and extension managers were randomly selected for this purpose. A pilot test was conducted on a similar population and reliability coefficients of (A Cronbach Alpha) 81%, and 89% were obtained for the attitude and managerial characteristics of the questionnaire respectively. The results showed that 93.83% of the subjects had either “positive” or “relatively positive” attitude toward privatization of agricultural extension. The majority of the subjects indicated that privatization of extension could provide a “supplementary means to complement the existing public extension services”. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the independent variables collectively are responsible for 17.4% (R2 =0.174) of the variation in dependent variables. This indicates that a considerable amount of variances in dependent variables are yet unaccounted for that could be explained by variables that were not investigated in this study (requiring further study).
A. Yamchi, F. Rastgar Jazii, C. Ghobadi, A. Mousavi, A. A. Karkhanehee,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Proline as a key osmoregulating solute in plants plays an overriding role in osmotic pressure adjustment of the cell under water stress conditions. In plant, a bifunctional enzyme delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5cs) promotes and directs proline synthesis during drought stress conditions. The activity of this enzyme is strongly induced to increase proline concentration within the cell to prevent the impact of water deficit. In this study, the sequence coded for p5cs enzyme under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was cloned into a plasmid containing gus and nptII genes. The construct pBI121-p5cs was then transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 (pGV3101) and used for producing transgenic tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plants. The amplification of a 765 bp band within p5cs gene from transferred plants and forming deep blue color in leaf tissues of the explants indicated the successful introduction of p5cs construct into nuclear genome of tobacco plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The two-month old plants growing under normal condition besides the five-day seedlings under drought stress were subjected to determination of proline concentration. Comparison of P5cs product levels between control and water tolerated plants indicated an increase of proline of about 96.91 to 1330.891 mg/g and of 204.454 to 2039.77 mg/g in plants under normal irrigation and under drought stress, conditions respectively. The significant difference between the levels of proline product in control and transgenic plants under different growing conditions demonstrated the expression of targeted gene (p5cs) in engineered tobacco plants that may pave the way to overcome the water stress problem in agronomically useful crops.
M. A Tarkashvand, M. Kalbasi, H. Shariatmadari,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Lintz-Donawitz (LD) converter slag, a by-product of the iron and steel-making industry is produced in large quantities in Isfahan, Iran. The slag contains 52.8 and 2.2% (w/w) CaO and MgO, respectively. To determine the influence of LD slag on the chemical characteristics of three acid soils from Gilan, an incubation study was conducted. The soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm of rice and tobacco fields and a tea garden. Treatments were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 % (w/w) of converter slag/kg soil. The slag was thoroughly mixed with 500g soil in plastic pots. Soil moisture content was adjusted to near field capacity and changes in pH, EC and AB-DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, P and K were determined at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days.
Results showed that soil pH increased with increasing slag rates. Slag increased AB-DTPA-extractable P and Mn, the magnitude increase depend on the amount of slag applied. However, the effect of slag on AB-DTPA-extractable Fe depended on initial pH, initially decreasing at the pH range of 7.4 - 8.5 and then increasing at higher pH levels. Slag decreased AB-DTPA-extractable K especially in highly acid soil. In the present study, soil pH and AB-DTPA-extractable Fe decreased with time, though the effect of incubation time on pH was not significant. The effect of incubation time on AB-DTPA extractable Mn and P was different. Time effect on EC and AB-DTPA-extractable K was not significant. In general, soil chemical characteristics were more affected by slag rates than by incubation time. In conclusion, it seems that converter slag is a suitable amendment for acid soils. It is suggested that the effect of LD converter slag on plant growth and chemical characteristics of acid soils be studied under field conditions.
S. S. Modarres Najafabadi, H. Akbari Moghaddam, G. Gholamian,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Four different species of aphids belonging to the Aphididae family in four genera were collected and identified in Rape-seed fields in Sistan region during 2000-2001. Among them, Brevicoryne brassicae (Cabbage aphid) was the dominant species with an abundance of about 89% in area. The population fluctuation of Brevicoryne brassicae was studied simultaneously on fields in Sistan region (Zahak research station and her around fields). The research was conducted on a half hectare of each farm. Thirty leaves from each field at week intervals were randomly picked up and the aphids were collected and identified at the species level. The Brevicoryne brassicae had a peak of activity in early mid March to April at temperature and R.H. ranging between 22-28ºC and 45-65 R.H., respectively. Controlled conditions indicated that the Brevicoryne brassicae has a life cycle of 6-7 days and adult female longevity is 20-31 days (25±2 ºC and 75±5 R.H.). Rearing study also revealed that this species has the ability to reproduce up to 18-98 nymphs under laboratory conditions and an apterous female gives birth to 22-93 nymphs in her life time. Samplings for recognition of predators and parasitoids were also taken at 3-day intervals. Natural enemies in fields during the two years were identified to be 5 coccinellid (Col:Coccinellidae), 4 syrphid(Dip:Syrphidae) and 2 chrysopid species (Neu:Chrysopidae). Also in Hymenoptera, 2 parasitoids (Hym: Aphidiidae & Pteromalidae) were determined.
M. Shahvali, J. Moshfegh,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Changing agricultural experts' attitude toward sustainability principles and perceptions is essential to create sustainable agriculture. Various studies had shown that permanent changes are not easily accessible to maintain ecological values. Therefore preparing effective information channels and precautions leading to communication system firmness are important challenges ahead. The purpose of the present research was the evaluation of caricature effects on attitude change of Jihad Agriculture Organization experts concerning sustainable agriculture in Shiraz. A Quasi-experimental research method was devised for three groups consisting of two experimental and one control group. A Pre- and a Post-test were also administered. Eighty experts from Jihad Agriculture Organization were selected in a simple randomized sampling manner. Based on research theories, questions were devised and data were collected through a questionnaire. Its validity and reliability were determined by specialists and Cronbach's Alpha, respectively.
The results indicated that workshops had changed experts' attitude toward sustainability principles and perceptions and workshops with caricature had the most influences on the change of attitudes. Thus the use of caricature is significant to establish sustainable agricultural principles and perceptions in experts at local level conditions.
A. Khatoonabadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Public (or governmental) extension services suffer from its limitations and inadequacies to fulfill the requirements for sustainable farming practices. This study examines the aspects of practicing agricultural extension Privatization in Isfahan. The statistical sample society of the survey was the extension practitioners and technicians. Data were gathered through field questioning techniques and interpreted by the analytical methods of statistics in Isfahan province.
The result of the survey method on 105 agricultural extension agents and practitioners revealed that: 1) big farmers have more interest for private extension services than small farmers, 2) the more knowledgeable the farmers, the more demand for private advices 3) pest management, greenhouse production, mechanization and market information are given priority for private advisory services. Finally, "cooperative advisory service" was found to be the most relevant structure to motivate farmers' learning and consultancy activities.
F. Amiri, M. Bassiri, M. Iravani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
The vast and diverse rangelands of Iran require the selection of appropriate methods for grazing intensity measurement in the different vegetation types. Methods can be compared on the bases of time and budget as well as their accuracy. In this study nine methods of the utilization measurement were conducted on the E. ceratoides stands of Hanna exclosure Semirom, Isfahan province. The duncan multiple range test was used to compare mean utilization percentages obtained from the different methods, with paired cage method data was used as control group. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was also used to compare methods for accuracy, time and budget. The means from reference unite, twig length, production index, plant count and stem count methods had significant (p<0.05) differences compared with control group but were comparatively time consuming and more expensive than other methods. The height-weight method resulted in an estimate with no significant difference with the control group. This method was also fastest and least expensive among methods with the accurate results (p<0.05).
K. Asghari, J. Sourinejhad, A. K. Zolanvar,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2005)
Abstract
In this study, the simulation of the BORKHAR plain aquifer located in north-east of Isfahan was done for the estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients and for the preparation of the prediction and management model with the purpose of the study of the water table surface situation in the next years. The study of the geological situation of the plain and the report of the drilling of its exiting wells indicated that the BORKHAR plain has two kinds of aquifer: confined and unconfined. According to the field data related to the unconfined aquifer, a part of this aquifer was selected for the mathematical simulation. The calibration model for the estimation of the K and Sy. coefficients was done by dividing the plain into four geohydrologic units and by using the PEST, a module of the MODFLOW model. The situation of the water table level during 1380-1390 was studied according to the different management options by the calibration model. If the trend of the exploitation doesn’t change during the next ten years, we will confront with a maximum drop of 48 meters. As a practical way for preventing from this drop, it was suggested that the exploitation management reduce the 30 percent of the demand. One of the most important result of this will be the 26 percent reduction of the drop. By developing an optimization model and by imposing the necessary constraints on the critical regions, and transferring water from other parts, it seems that the trend of the drop will be controllable at a admissible level (less than 10 meters until 1390). Using the optimization model will make a change in the increasing trend of the drop and an improvement in the situation of the aquifer.
J. Torkamani, M. Abdollahi Ezzatabadi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2005)
Abstract
This study shows how multiobjective programming, compromise programming and filtering techniques could be used to manage scarce resources. Data were collected from a sample of 109 Rafsanjan pistachio producers. The aim of the program was to make a compromise between the objectives of profit maximization, the maximization of the area under pistachio gardens and also maximization of the groundwater use. The multiobjective programming approach and filtering techniques were used to find the efficient set among these objectives. A compromise between the objectives was established by the compromise programming method. Although none of the above three objectives achieved completely in the compromise solution, it became nearer to the ideal point on the assumption that the importance of three objectives was the same. By omitting this assumption and considering the objective weights based on decision maker preferences, the compromise solution might become nearer to the ideal point.
