Showing 171 results for Yield
M.. Toorchi, S. Aharizad, M. Moghaddam, F. Etedali, S. H. Tabatabavakil,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (7-2007)
Abstract
Sainfoin in believed as an important forage crop regarding its suitable agronomical characteristics and feeding livestock. Evaluation of general combining ability is a critical preliminary stage before selection of suitable parent and production of synthetic varieties. Thirty six sainfoin landraces which have been collected from different parts of Iran were grown in 2000 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 24 replications as a polycross nursery. The resulting polycrosses were sown in 2001 in a triple lattice design. Characters such as fresh forage yield per plot based on unit length, fresh forage yield per plant, and dry forage yield for each cutting stage and for the whole season were measured. Also a yield index for the two first cuttings and forage palatability for the second cutting were determined. Results showed that there was no significant difference between partial blocks within each replication and therefore data was analyzed based on RCBD. High heritability was observed for forage palatability, yield index, and fresh forage yield per plant. So selection can be made to improve forage yield and palatibility in sainfoin. In terms of general combining ability, six landraces for fresh forage yield, six landraces for dry forage yield, nine landraces for yield index, and ten landraces for palatibility showed high estimates. The lanraces having highest amounts of general combining ability for each variable can be used as suitable parents to produce synthetic varieties of sainfoin.
S. Fallah, A. Ghalavand, M. R. Khajehpour,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (7-2007)
Abstract
It is necessary to use organic fertilizers and decrease chemical fertilizers consumption to reach sustainable agriculture. Thus, to study the effects of manure incorporation methods, and integrated effects of poultry manure with chemical fertilizers on the grain yield and yield components of maize, an experiment was conducted in 2004 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan Weather Department, 30 kms northeast of Khorramabad. The treatments were arranged in a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots consisted of incorporation of fertilizer with soil by furrower or disk. The subplots included T0: control (no consumption of fertilizer and poultry manure) T1: 200, 100, and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively T2: 80% of T1+ 4 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T3: 60% of T1+ 8 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T4: 40% of T1+ 12 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T5: 20% of T1+ 16 ton ha-1 of poultry manure and T6: 20 ton ha-1 of poultry manure. The results showed that incorporation of fertilizer by furrower, compared with disk, led to significant increase in plant height, 1000 seed weight and grain and biological yields. However, there were not significant differences in the number of seed per ear and harvest index between the two fertilizer incorporation methods. Fertilizer treatments caused significant increase of the treats mentioned except for the harvest index. The interaction effects were not significant for any traits. T5 treatment produced the highest grain yield, and was significantly different from T0, T1, T3 and T6 treatments. The differences between T1 (chemical nutrition system) and T6 (organic nutrition system) were not significant either. Effectiveness of integrated poultry manure and chemical fertilizers on maize yield components was higher than either poultry manure or chemical fertilizer. The results of this experiment indicated that incorporation of 16 ton poultry manure + 40, 20 and 20 kg ha-1 N, P and K with furrower might be appropriate for maize prodution under conditions similar to this experiment.
S. Abdi, A. Fayaz Moghadam, M. Ghadimzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (7-2007)
Abstract
To determine the effects of different intensities of leaf removal at different reproduction stages of sunflower on seed yield and oil percentage, and the most sensitive stages to defoliation, an experiment was carried out by split-spilt plot design in randomized complete block with 3 replications at research farm, College of Agric. Urmia University, in 2004. The main factor, sub factor and sub-sub factor in our experiment were: 1. two cultivars, Uroflor and Alstar, 2. defoliation at four reproduction stages, star shape of inflorescence (R2), pollination stage (R5), seed setting initiation (R6) and final period of seed setting (R7), and 3. four defoliation intensities ( 0% as an undefoliated control, 25%, 50% and 75% ). Seeding was accomplished on May 23. Average triple factor interactions verified that different defoliations at R2 stage have significantly reduced seed yield and oil percentage of both Uroflor and Alstar cultivars. Out of this reduction, 75 percent defoliation at R2 was the most, while at R5 and R6 stages 50 and 75 defoliation caused significant reduction on seed yield in comparison with control. At R7 stage different defoliations had no significant effect on seed yield of Uroflor cultivar, while, on Alstar cultivar, 75 percent defoliation at R7 stage caused significant difference in relation to control. Also average triple interaction among factors showed that none of defoliation percentages had significant effect on oil percentage. In view of the fact that, seed development and filling occurred after defoliation at R2 and R5 , the most variation resulted from defoliation of valued traits like number of filled seed per head and weight of 1000 seeds, observed at R2 and R5 stages and consequently reduced seed and oil yields. On the bases of this experiment it could be concluded that sunflower cultivation with losses of 50 and 75 percent will be economically unprofitable and it will be more desirable to replace it with any other suitable crop in the region.
M. M. Majidi, A.f. Mirlohi, M.r. Sabzalian,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
Fescues (Festuca spp) are widely distributed in the temperate regions and are used for turf, forage and soil conservation. Though seed traits are important measures of the effects of endophytic fungi on their host, little information is available in this respect for Festuca. In this study, endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) clones of the six fescue genotypes were used to investigate the effects of endophyte on seed production. The relationships between seed traits plus direct and indirect effects of components on seed yield were also studied. Endophyte infection resulted in 38.1% to 249% more seed yields in some genotypes, though some were not affected by this symbiotic relationship. Correlations between traits and also results of stepwise regression were influenced by the presence of the symbiotic fungi. Path analysis showed that endophytic fungi changed direct and indirect effects of components on seed yield. In endophyte containing clones, panicle fertility had the most direct effects and number of panicle per plant and seed per panicle the most indirect effects on seed yield. In E- clones, panicle fertility had the highest indirect effects and other components had direct effects on seed yield. The results suggested that breeding strategies for increasing seed yield in fescue should consider the presence or absence of endophyte in germplasm.
M. Salehi, A. Haghnazari, F. Shekari, H. Baleseni,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
In order to evaluate relationship between Different traits in lentils (lens culinaris Medik), a field study was conducted as an RCBD based design with 3 replications on Zanjan University Research Farm during spring of the year 2004. ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences for all characters except for the number of primery branches. Correlation analysis indicated positive and significant correlation between seed yield and harvest index, number of primery branches, pods/plant and biological yield, and grian yield. The result of the factor analysis also showed that the second factor including number of primery branches, pods/plant, grian yield, canopy width and seeds/plant was an important trait involved in the grian yield in lentil. In addition, cluster analysis helped divide the genotypes into four distance groups of large, medium, semi medium and low yields.
V. Narjesi, H. Zeinal Khaneghah, A. Zali,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
Thirty soybean cultivars from different maturity groups were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Research Station of College of Agriculture at Tehran University in Karaj in 2004. The purpose was to determine genetic relationship of some important agronomic traits related to seed yield. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among varieties for the traits under study, indicating the existence of genetic variation among varieties. Number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and 100-seed weight, all of which are considered yield components, had the highest genotypic correlation with seed yield. Using stepwise regression analysis, 85.6 % of seed yield variation was attributed to four traits, including harvest index, biological yield, protein precent and number of seeds /plant. Harvest index was more important for predicting seed yield compared to other traits based on standardized ßs. Results of path analysis showed that the harvest index and protein precentage had the highest and lowest direct and positive effect (p=0.536), (p=0.008), respectively. Therefore, harvest index may be considered as a selection criteria to improve seed yield in breeding programs. Results of factor analysis showed five independent factors accounted for 80.2 % of total variations in data. The first principle determined 28.2 % of total variation and was designated as phenologic factor.
P. Sharifi, M. Tajbakhsh,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of plant density and detopping on grain yield, protein content biological yield harvest index, growth indices, number of cob in each plant, No. of row per ear, No. of grain in each row, thousand seed weight of corn (Zea mays L. ar. SC 704), an experiment was conducted at the experimental statues of Research Center of Uremia Agricultural College in 2004. The Treatment design was split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots included plant density at three levels (53000, 66000, and 88000 Plants/ha) and the subplets comprised three levels: (1) no detopping (control) (2) removing canopy only and (3) removing canopy and three leaves above the node. Analysis of Variance of data showed that both detopping treatment and plant density influenced the number of kernel per ear ,1000 grain weight, ear weight, total dry weight of biomass, seed yield and harvest index. Canopy detopping led to a marked increase in photo assimilateion import grains. The highest plant density evaluated, 88000 plants per hectare with detopping of three above leaves had the highest number of cobs per square meter. In plant density of 53000 plants per hectare and canopy detopping treatment, the number of grain per ear was greater than other densities. The efficiency of harvest index increased under corn detopping compared with control, and this increase with an increase in photosynthesis contributed to grain yield. It was concluded that major increase in grain yield under high plants density and tassel detopping was due to improvement of physiological indices.
J. Nori Azhar, P. Ehsanzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
Defining interrelationship of growth analysis factors and yield of crop plants is important in the field crop production practices. This research was aimed at studying growth factors and grain yield of five maize hybrids, consisting of S.C.704, S.C.700, S.C.647, S.C.604, and S.C.301, using two 4-replicate RCBD experiments in Isfahan, in Summer 2004. While one experiment was irrigated normally, the other one was conducted under delayed irrigation conditions. Maize plants were seeded at 95000 plants/ha in 8-row plots, with rows spaced 0.70m apart and 0.15m distance between plants on each row. Delayed irrigation led to a significant decrease in LAImax, LAD, LADLinear and LADs-m, but a significant increase in days to silking. While CGRLinear significantly correlated with LAImax, LAD, LADLinear and LADs-m, a significant correlation was observed between total biomass and grain yield. CGRLinear, LAImax, and LADs-m significantly correlated with total biomass, and grain yield significantly correlated with yield components, harvest index, CGRLinear and LAImax. In conclusion, an increase in LAImax resulted in a higher CGRLinear and in turn a greater total biomass. But, considering no significant correlation between total biomass and harvest index, it appears that with the genotypes and under conditions of the present study, allocation of dry matter to grain production did not correlate with the leaf area attributes of corn.
E. Dehghan, A. Naderi,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
This study included two experiments conducted in 2000-2001 for surveying the effects of saline water irrigation on yield and yield components in corn varieties. Experiments were conducted in a silty-clay soil in Ahwaz Agricultural Research Center. First experiment was conducted as a split plots and randomized complete blocks design in three replications. Main plots included salinity levels 2, 4, 6 and 8dS/m and subplots included three single cross hybrids of corn 704, 711 and 647. In the other experiment the effects of saline water 8dS/m at different growth stages including the stage of planting to plant establishment. (G1), flowering and pollination (G2) and grain filling (G3), were evaluated. The results of the first expriment showed that there was very significant difference among water salinity levels for yield, thousand kernel weight, percentage of corn fertility and percentage of plants containing corn. The highest and lowest grain yield were obtained for salinity levels 2 and 8dS/m treatments respectively. Differences among varieties and interaction of treatments were significant for grain yield, and highest grain yeild was obtained for 704 and 711 varieties on saline water 2dS/m. The results of the other expriment showed that highest and lowest tolerance to irrigation with saline water on corn were G3 and G1 growth stages respectively. Consequently, hybrids 704 and 711 were more sensitive than the 647, but the obtained yield, suggests that 704 and 711 hybrids can be cultivated under these conditions.
R. Sepehri, Gh. Tahmasebi, M. J. Jalali Zonoz,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
During the honeybee breeding project in central Iran, sex alleles homozygoty and sex alleles number in the third generation of 364 colonies were studied in 2003. Sex alleles homozygoty was measured based on Ruttner (1988) and Tarpy and Page (2002) methods. The total area of worker brood area, stored pollen, and drone brood area were measured on the combs. The whole extracted honey weight and remaining honey in the combs were evaluated as honey production of colonies. Adult population was evaluated based on the number of full combs of adult honeybees. The results showed that sex alleles, average homozygoty and number in the colonies were 18.83% and 5.32 respectively. The results showed no significant correlation between homozygoty of sex alleles or sex alleles number and stored pollen ( P > 0.05 ) , but significant negative correlation between sex alleles homozygoty and colony population, total brood area and honey yield ( P < 0.01 ) was observed. So introduction of new sire colonies in the mating Isolated area is essential to prevent sex alleles homozygoty and also performance of honeybee colonies from decreasing.
S. Rajaee, H. A. Alikhani, F. Raiesi,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
Azotobacter chroococcum is an important PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) producing compounds needed for plant growth. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different native strains of Azotobacter chroococcum on growth and yield of wheat under greenhouse counditions. Seeds of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Pishtaz) were inoculated with some Azotobacter chroococcum strains capable of producing IAA, HCN, sidrophore and fixing molecular nitrogen. The inoculation of wheat with those strains had a positive, significant effect on biological yield, seed protein percentage, thousand seed weight, leaf area, N, P, Fe and Zn uptake, in particular, by wheat. The increased growth of wheat was most likely due to the production of IAA and enhanced nitrogen fixation by inoculated strains. Some strains of Azotobacter chroococcum native to Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are established as PGPR. Results also support the efficiency of Azotobacter chroococcum as an important biofertilizer in wheat cropping systems. The selected strains had a significant effect on wheat growth and yield, including biological yield and seed quality under greenhouse counditions. This beneficial effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on wheat is attributed mainly to IAA production and, to some extent to non symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere. So, these strains can potentially be used to improve wheat nutrition of micronutrients such as Fe and Zn, in particular.
S.h. Lack, A. Naderi, S. A. Saidat, A. Ayenehband, G.h. Nour – Mohammadi, S.h. Moosavi,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and reserved dry matter remobilization of seed corn (SC. 704 hybrid) a research was conducted at the experimental field in Khuzestan Natural Resources and Agricultural Science University in summer, 2004. This research was made based on three split-plot field experiments, RCBD. Each of the irrigation treatments implemented separately in each experiment have been as follows: Optimum irrigation, Moderate stress and Severe stress (irrigation after drainage 50%, 75% and 100% of available water based on 70%, 60% and 50% of field capacity, respectively). In each experiment three nitrogen levels consisting of 140(N 1 ), 180 (N 2 ) and 220(N 3 ) Kg N ha-1 were applied in main plots and subplots which consisted of three plant populations (D 1 =6, D 2= 7.5 and D 3= 9 plant m-2). There were three replications for each experiment. The results of the combined analysis of variance indicated that the effect of water deficiency stress, nitrogen and plant population on grain and biological yield was significant. With increasing severity of drought stress, the grain and biological yield decreased. The maximum grain yield was estimated to be 1017.04 gm -2 which was related to optimum irrigation treatment. Grain yield reduction was mainly due to reduction of grain per ear and 1000 seed weight. The increase of nitrogen consumption caused an increase in grain yield. The positive effect of nitrogen application on grain yield considerably decreased as a result of the increased water deficiency in soil. The response of grain yield to plant population was positive. The contrary to interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen, and irrigation, nitrogen and plant population, the interaction effects of irrigation and plant population and also nitrogen and plant population on grain yield were significant. The results indicated that the difference between different levels of irrigation in the case of dry matter remobilization rate was significant. The least and the highest remobilization rate of reserved dry matter was related to optimum irrigation and drought moderate stress treatment, respectively. The efficiency and contribution of remobilization in grain yield increased in response to increasing severity of drought stress, but these traits significantly reduced as a result of nitrogen consumption. Remobilization rate and contribution of reserved materials to grain yield in the highest density (D3) were significantly more than other densities. According to the results of this study, under drought stress conditions, the decrease of inputs consumption, in addition to the decrease of costs, will be followed by the increasing efficiency use of the resources.
H. Pourhadian , M.r. Khajehpour,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Planting patterns through growth indices affect yield formation. To evaluate these effects on safflower, Koseh local variety of Isfahan, a field experiment was conducted in summer, 2004 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology. The experiment was performed using a randomized complete block design with a split plot layout and four replications. Main plots consisted of three row distances (20 and 30 cm flat and 45 cm on bed), and sub-plots included two planting densities (40 and 50 plant m-2). The experiment was planted on June 25. The results showed that p lant canopy closed sooner, leaf area duration (LAD) increased and plant dry matter weight, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were higher up to the middle of seed development as row distance decreased. In addition, the highest relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were obtained in 20 cm row distance. The highest (3039 kg ha-1) and lowest (1930 kg ha-1) seed yields were obtained with 20 and 40 cm row distances, respectively. Plant density did not affect the rate of canopy closure, CGR, RGR, NAR and seed yield. But, maximum plant dry weight, higher LAI and lower LAD values were obtained with 50 plants m-2. The results obtained in this experiment indicate that 20 cm row distance with 50 plants m-2 might be appropriate for summer planting of safflower, a local variety of Isfahan, under similar conditions.
M. Fazlalipour, B. Rabiei, H. Samizadeh Lahiji, H. Rahim Soroush,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Application of selection index for screening desired plants based on complex quantitative traits can be more effective than direct selection. This study was conducted using an F2 rice population consisting of 87 plants derived from a cross between two cultivars Gharib and IR28. The purpose was to establish suitable selection indices for increasing yield and its related traits in research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, in 2005. Studied traits included the days from sowing, germinated grain to maturity (MD), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), flag leaf length (FL), flag leaf width (FW), number of panicles per plant (PP), number of grains per panicle (GP), number of spikelets per panicle (SP), 100-grain weight (GW), grain yield per plant (GY), biomass (BM), harvest index (HI), grain length (GL) and grain breadth (GB). Among the studied traits, 100-grain weight (GW), biomass (BM) and harvest index (HI) (0.99) and flag leaf width (FW) (0.35) showed the highest and lowest broad-sense heritability, respectively. Path coefficient analysis revealed that BM, HI, GP had positive direct effects on GY. Calculation of five different selection indices based on optimum and base indices indicated that selection for BM, HI and GP using genotypic path coefficients and their heritability as economic values would be a suitable selection criterion for improving population. Moreover, this study showed that both optimum and base indices show the same genetic progress for the studied traits. Since evaluation of base index, is much easier than the optimum index, it is highly recommended.
P. Heydaryzadeh , M.r. Khajehpour,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
During the past years, safflower genotypes have been selected from local variety of Isfahan, named Kouseh. The response of these genotypes to planting date might be different. To determine this, performances of several genotypes selected from Kouseh plus Arak 2811 ) as check ( were studied at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology in 2002-2004. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting dates were considered as the main plots and subplots consisted of 22 genotypes of safflower. Number of days from planting to emergence was highest (18.0 days) in early spring planting and lowest (10.3 days) in late spring planting. Days from planting to head visible, flowering and physiological maturity were decreased with delay in planting from autumn to late spring. Days from planting to emergence, head visible and physiological maturity were not influenced by genotype. Genotypes C116 and DP29 had the highest (145.0) and genotype ISF28 the lowest (140.2) days from planting to flowering. Plant height, number of first and second degree branches, number of heads per first and second degree branches, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and seed weight per plant reduced significantly with delay in planting from autumn to late spring. Genotypes C128 and DP7 had the highest (120.0 and 120.5 cm, respectively) and genotype DP9 the lowest (104.2 cm) plant height. Genotypes DP6 and DP9 had the highest (12.8) and the lowest (6.7) first degree branches per plant, respectively. Arak-2811 had the highest (16.9) and genotypes DP9 and DP5 the lowest (7.2 and 7.1, respectively) second degree branches per plant. Number of heads per first degree branches was not significantly affected by genotype. Arak-2811 and genotype C114 had the highest (12.8 and 12.2, respectively) and genotype DP9 the lowest (5.1) number of heads per second degree branches. Genotype DP7 had the highest (45.9) and genotype C111 had the lowest (28.0) number of seeds per head. Genotypes DP3 and C128 had the highest (34.2 g) and lowest (22.0 g) 1000-seed weight, respectively. Genotype DP25 had the highest (20.5 g) and genotypes DP29 and DP9 the lowest (9.9 and 10.0 g) seed weight per plant. Harvest index was not affected by planting date and genotype. The result of this study showed that safflower may yield more in fall planting under conditions similar to this experiment. Genotype DP25 might be recommended for this planting date, genotypes ISF66 and DP25 for early spring planting and genotypes DP7 and ISF14 for summer planting.
M.r. Tadayon, Y. Emam,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Photosynthesis and wheat grain yield responses to supplemental irrigation with different amount of applied water under dryland conditions were investigated. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted research farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2004-2005. Five levels of irrigation including dryland conditions, irrigation at stem elongation, booting, flowering and grain filling were main plots and two wheat cultivars: Agosta and Fin-15 were subplots, and three rates of nitrogen including zero, 40 and 80 kgha-1 were sub sub-plots. The results showed that in both years, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, were significantly higher under irrigation at stem elongation stage compared to other supplemental irrigation treatments. In all of the four supplemental irrigation treatments, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration and transpiration rate decreased with decreasing the amount of applied water to each plot. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained from supplemental irrigation at stem elongation stage, and the lowest yield was harvested at dryland conditions. The highest photosynthetic parameters, yield and yield components were obtained from interaction of supplemental irrigation at stem elongation stage × Fin-15 and 80 kg N ha-1 in both years. The supplemental irrigation in 2004 and 2005 increased the grain yield 200 and 221 percent, respectively, compared to dryland conditions. Thus, supplemental irrigation at sensitive stem elongation stage could affect significantly wheat grain yield of rainfed wheat cultivars and provision of adequate water for a supplemental irrigation at the appropriate growth stage could double the grain yield of rainfed wheat.
E. Farahani , A. Arzani,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the heterosis in 12 F1 hybrids of durum wheat using agronomic and morphological traits. Parents were selected according to the estimated genetic distances based on the results of a two-year field experiment, which were then crossed to produce F1 hybrids. Twenty-three genotypes (including 11 parents and 12 hybrids) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, located at Lavark, Najaf- Abad in 2003. Agronomic characteristics comprised days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pollination, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grain per spike, number of spike per m2, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among parents F1 hybrids and parents vs. crosses for all the studied traits. Substantial differences in the level of heterosis for plant maturity were detected among the hybrids with the highest heterosis belonging to HPI40100×PI40099 and HEupoda6× Chahba88 hybrids. Furthermore, superior hybrids included HAltar84/Ald×Chahba88, HBuchen7×Chahba88 and HEupoda6×Mexi75/Vic possessing the highest heterosis for grain yield and grain yield components among 12 hybrids of the present experiment. Eventually, it is concluded that Eupoda6, Odin12, Altar84/Ald and 45063Karaj genotypes when crossed with Mexi75/Vic genotype as well as Buchen7 and Altar84/Ald genotypes when crossed with Chahba88 genotype produced superior F1 hybrids.
S.a.a. Hashemi, M. Arab Khedri,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
In order to quantitatively evaluate the sediment yield in ungauged basins, it is necessary to use empirical models. The EPM model, as a model which is using in Iran, has sometimes been evaluated. Most evaluations have often been conducted by using river's sediment information and direct measurements of dam reservoir sedimentation have been less used, while the sediment measurement method on reservoir is more carefully. 9 small watersheds from Semnan province (Iran) were selected in this research. There is a small earth dam which have been built on the outlet of each watershed in the past years that them age is 10 years. These dams have not been weirs since they have been building to now. Therefore total of sediment yield volumes of each watershed are entrapped in the dam reservoirs. The volume of sediments deposited in reservoir were calculated by surveying. Sediment's apparent specific weights were measured in each reservoir and the volume of sediments transformed into sediments weight. By EPM model the volume and weight of sediment yield were estimated. Values of sediment yield measured in reservoirs were compared with estimated values by t-test. The results showed that at level 5%, there was not any significant difference between sediment yield values estimated in reservoirs by EPM model in comparison with values of volume and weight which were measured. But determination of performance and relative root mean square error showed that EPM model has low efficiency for estimation of sediment yield in the case study of watersheds.
A. Moalemi Ore , S.h. Karparvarfard,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of soil compaction due to wheel traffic on corn growth and yield, in summer 2004 and 2005 at the Badjgah Research Station, Shiraz University located in North West of Shiraz, Iran. The treatments consisted of axial load in two levels and wheel traffic location treatments at four levels, including none, between rows, on rows and on entire plot area. The corn growth rate, root density and yield were not significantly influenced by axial load, but they were significantly affected by wheel traffic in all plots. Corn yield with wheel traffic on entire plot area averaged 3.97 Mg/ha which was significantly lower than the yields with the other treatments which averaged 6.65 Mg/ha with no traffic.
A. Baghizadeh , A. Talei, M.r. Naghavi, M. Haji Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
In order to estimate the number and inheritance of controlling genes for grain yield and some of the related traits in barley, Afzal and Radical varieties along with their F1, F2 and F3 generations were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Head weight, head length, number of heads, number of spikelets, awn length, hundred grain weight, grains per head, straw yield per head , harvest index and grain yield in different generations were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that mean squares of generations were statistically significant for all the traits. Then, generation mean analysis was performed for all the traits. Based on the results, additive and dominance effects played roles in controlling awn length. For the other traits besides the aforesaid effects, epistasis effect was also significant. Also, results indicated that dominance variance had the most important role in controlling the inheritance for traits. The average broad sense heritability for all the traits was estimated between %69 - %89. The number of genes for all traits was estimated to be between one and six.