JWSS - Journal of Water and Soil Science

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The application of solar energy for drying cereals and other agricultural commodities has been increasing lately. This is due to the fact that solar energy is free, renewable, inexhaustible and environmentally friendly. This research is a new approach for employing solar energy as the main energy source for drying purposes. The drying test rig was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The grain solar dryer is an active mixed mode type with a semi-continuous discharge system. The rig consists of six solar air collectors, a heating channel, a drying chamber and an air distributing system. Rough rice was selected as cereal grain to be dried in the dryer to evaluate the system of the drying rig. In this research the effect of mass flow rate and time of crop discharge, on the rate of crop drying were evaluated. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment on the basis of a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was mass flow rate at three levels of 0.011, 0.0066 and 0.0048 kg/m²s and the second factor was the time of crop discharge at two levels of 15 and 30 min. The dryer capacity, the amount of energy consumed (electrical and solar) during drying process, and the efficiency of collectors were also evaluated. According to Duncan's multiples range test, the effects of mass flow rate of drying air, and the interval time of discharge, were highly significant on the moisture content of discharged rough rice. The maximum efficiency of the collectors was 37.13% and the fraction of energy consumed by heating channel during the drying process, compared with solar energy, was 6-8 percent. The maximum capacity of the dryer was about 132 kg of rough rice from 11 AM to 2 PM reducing the initial moisture content from 27% to 13%. On the whole, the evaluation results indicated that the dryer could reduce the moisture content of the crop to the storage safe moisture content during appropriate time with highenergy efficiency.

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The physiological characteristics of winter wheat(cv. Shiraz) were evaluated in a 2-yrs field study by using a spilit plot design with four replications, at the experimental farm of Shiraz University, College of Agriculture located at Badjgah. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (November 6^th, December 6^th and January 5^th) and four planting densities (150, 250, 350 and 450 plants/m²) were assigned as sub plots. The results indicated that delay in sowing was associated with a significant reduction in the grain yield. So that the grain yield in sowing date of January 5^th was significantly less than it in sowing dates of November 6^th and December 6^th. Moreover with delay in sowing date the developmental rate of wheat was enhanced and plants reached maturity more rapidly. The trend of the leaf area index changes and the dry weight of the plants were under the effect of experimental treatments, leaf area index was found to be greater at the higher densities and early planting date. Number of stems per m² were decreased with delay in the sowing date, although at the higher densities, the number of stems per m² was greater, despite severe tiller death observed at these densities. The study of trend of dry weight changes during the season indicated that biomass was greater at higher densities and earlier sowings, which resulted in earlier ground cover and higher amount of radiation interception. In conclusion, the results of the present investigation revealed that to achieve a reasonable grain yield, the 6^th of December and 250 plants per m² were the best sowing date and planting density for wheat (cv. Shiraz) under similar agro climatic conditions with the present investigation.

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Chenges in the soil characteristics is rather continuously. A method that takes this continuity into account would present a realistic pattern of soil distribution either in taxonomic or geographical space. The fuzzy set theory provides such an approach. In this study, the robustness of fuzzy clustering in soil pattern recognition was evaluated in a subcatchment of western Iran. The clustering carried out on the basis of minimization of an objective function in assigning membership values to each pedon in each fuzzy class. Fuzziness exponent values from 1.15 to 1.5 were used. The following validation of the resulted clusters (classes), optimal number of classes in whole, morphological and particle-size subsets were determined 8, 4, and 5 respectively. Plots of membership values across the landscape indicated class overlap and considerable contiguity. Considering low differentiation of these young soils and the high similarity among their properties, the method indicated a high capacity in recognizing different soil types over the study area. Furthermore, there was relationships between the soil fuzzy classes and landform. Thus, the method is capable in continuous classification, which could be so important in construction of continuous soil maps at low aggregation levels, e. g., pedon.

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Under irrigation and in double-cropping system, a large amount of plant residue remains after harvest that along with the limited time for residue decomposition and complete seedbed preparation, necessitates reduced tillage and special residue management. In the present study, the effects of various seedbed preparation methods on vegetative growth, yield components and seed and oil yields of sunflower (Euroflor hybrid) were studied in a barley-sunflower cropping system during 2001 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology. Three residue management treatments (standing, partly removed and burned) along with five tillage systems (moldboard + disk chisel + disk disk moldboard and furrower as the minimum tillage) were laid out in a split-block design with three replications. Burning residue treatment significantly increased plant dry weight at various developmental stages and also head diameter. Number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, and oil yield were non-significantly higher in the burned residue treatment. Seed yield was significantly higher in the burned and partly removed residue treatments. Moldboard + disk and chisel + disk treatments significantly produced higher plant dry weight at various developmental stages, head diameter and seed yield. Number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, and oil yield were non-significantly higher in these treatments. Minimum tillage ranked the lowest for these traits. The results of this experiment indicate that chisel + disk treatment with the partly removed residues might be an appropriate seedbed preparation method in a barley-sunflower double planting under conditions similar to this experiment.

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Orumiyeh Lake basin is one of the important regions in Iran from water resources and environment standpoints. In this basin, substantial part of the annual precipitation occurrs in spring, winter, and fall seasons. Due to semi-arid climate of the basin, rainfall forecasting is an important issue for proper water resources planning and management, particularly in drought years. On the other hand, investigations around the world show that there is a good conection between climatic signals and the amount of precipitation. In this paper, the relationship between climatic signals and seasonal rainfall was investigated in Orumiyeh Lake basin. For this purpose, monthly SPI (Standard Precipitation Index) was calculated and used along with six climatic signals including SOI (Southern Oscillation Index), PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation), PNA (Pacific North America), NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), NINO3.4 and, NOI (North Oscillation Index). A new method employing the negative and positive phases of signals was proposed and tested to distinguish the relationship between the climatic signals and the individual stations rainfall in the basin. Furthermore, it was found that using joint signals substantially improves the precision of the forcast rainfalls. The results showed that fall and winter rainfalls had the highest correlatetions with SOI and NAO, respectively. Therefore, it would be possible to forecast the basin rainfall using climatic signals of the previous seasons.

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Agricultural investigations use computer models for simulation of crop growth and field water management. By using these models, the effects of plant growth parameters on crop yields are simulated, hence, the experimental costs are reduced. In this paper, the model of MSM (Maize Simulation Model) was calibrated and validated for the prediction of maize forage production at Agricultural College, Shiraz University in 1382 and 1383 by using maize forage yield under furrow irrigation with four irrigation and three nitrogen treatments. Irrigation treatments were I4, I3, I2, and I1, with the depth of water 20% greater than, equal to, 20% and 40% less than potential crop water requirements, respectively. Nitrogen treatments were N3, N2, and N1, with the application of N as urea equal to 300, 150, and 0 kg N ha^-1, respectively. After calibration and validation of MSM, it was used to estimate suitable planting dates, forage yield and net requirement of water discharge for planting at different dates. The results indicated that the net requirement of water discharge was reduced by gradual planting at different planting dates. By considering different planting dates for maize, from Ordibehest 20th to Tir 10th, the planting area might be increased 17.9%, compared with single planting date on Ordibehesht 30th under a given farm water discharge and full irrigation.

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Proteolytic enzymes play important roles in food and drug industries. Actinidin, the most abundant protein of kiwifruit is a cystein protease (EC 3.4.22.14). In the present study, protein contents and levels of actinidin in kiwifruit cultivars were assayed and the enzyme was purified by a simple procedure. Actinidin was purified using two steps: (1)) precipitation by ammonium sulfate and (2) ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sepharose. Molecular mass and proteolytic activity of the purified enzyme were determined by SDS-PAGE and casein digestion test, respectively. Protein content of the cultivars was compared by three different methods, namely, Bradford, UV and Lowry methods. The yield and degree of enzyme purity were 65 and 95 percents, respectively. Molecular mass of the purified enzymes were estimated 29 KDa in reducing SDS-PAGE. Results of the protein assays showed that protein and actinidin contents of kiwifruit were overestimated using UV or Lowry methods for assay. It was concluded that Bradford method is more accurate than UV or Lowry methods for measurement of protein level in kiwifruit.

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed crop and can have a considerable contribution to vegetable oil production in the country, since it has a high adaptability to different environmental conditions. This crop is grown in summer time as a second crop in Isfahan province. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the agronomic characteristics of the safflower breeding lines which were isolated from local populations of Iran in early spring and summer planting dates. Seven genotypes were evaluated at two planting dates, early spring (16 March) and summer (21 June), using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications at the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology. The results showed that the number of days to emergence, days to flowering and maturity and plant height decreased considerably in the summer planting date. However, the harvest index, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot and oil yield increased in this planting date. Yield components were not significantly different in the two planting dates, except that 100-seed weight was significantly and considerably more in the second planting date. The average seed yield of genotypes was 2498 and 2845 kg/ha in spring and summer planting dates, respectively. In the first planting date, seed yield varied from 1876 Kg/ha, (for Kouseh genotype as check variety) to 2908 Kg/ha for E2428 line (selected from Isfshan population). In the second planting date, seed yield had a variation of 2124 to 3186 Kg/ha for the genotypes of S3110 (selected line from Khorasan population) and C111 (selected from Kouseh population), respectively. In the second planting date the check variety (Kouseh population) had a seed yield of 2965 Kg/ha. In both first and second planting dates, genotypes of E2428 and C116 (selected line from Kouseh population) had the maximum oil content in the seed, (33.9% and 32.3%د respectively). Genotype by planting date interaction was significant for seed yield and oil yield, since late planting date reduced seed yield in genotypes of S3110 and E2428, but it increased these traits in other genotypes.

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Rape seed (Brassica napus L.) containing more than 40 per cent oil is one of the best oilseeds for cultivation in Iran. Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the important diseases of the rape seed, the causal agent being Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the disease on the quantity and quality of the extracted oil and remaining foodstuff in a field experiment. In this research three cultivars including Okapi, SLM046 and Talayeh were examined under field conditions using a factorial design (cultivars and inoculations were two factors under study). The cultivars were inoculated with SK₄ isolate of S. sclerotiorum. The inoculation was done on the plant stems at 30 cm height above the soil using Lewartosca method during mid flowering stage. One thousand- seed weight and glucosinolate, erucic and oleic fatty acids contents of the seeds were determind after the harvest. The results indicated that the infected plants in comparision with the controls had a lower 1000- seed weight and oleic acid content and a higher glucosinolates and erucic acid contents. There were significant differences among the genotypes in respect to all the studied traits except 1000- seed weight. Inverse correlation was observed between 1000- seed weight and erucic acid content or oil glucosinolates contents. It was concluded that the disease can reduce quantity and quality of seed oil and other nutrient contents.

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The effects of different levels of metabolizable energy and energy to protein ratios on the performance of Fars native laying hens were examined during the second laying phase. In a feeding trial, 216 Fars native hens 42 weeks old were randomly allotted to 9 experimental diets using 6 replicated groups of 4 birds per cage. The diets were formulated with 3 levels of ME (2700, 2900 and 3100 kcal/kg diet). At each level of energy, 3 energy to protein ratios (195, 215 and 239) were considered. The diets were fed ad libitum for a period of 20 weeks (42-62 weeks). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in egg production, egg weight, body weight gain and livability at the end of the experiment (65 week of age) (P>0.05). Daily feed intake was significantly lowered in hens fed the first (ME=3100 Kcal/kg, CP=15.87), second (ME=3100 Kcal/kg, CP=14.43), third ration (ME=3100 Kcal/kg, CP=12.99) and fifth (ME=2900k Kcal/kg, CP=13.5%) as compared with the seventh ration (ME=2700 Kcal/kg, CP=13.82). Feed intake and feed conversion ratios (FCR) significantly decreased as the dietary energy level increased (P<0.05). Feed consumption at the highest energy level was significantly lower than that at the lowest energy concentration. FCR was influenced by dietary energy level. Hens on the diet with 3100 Kcal ME /kg had lower FCR compared to 2700 Kcal ME/kg. The feed cost per 1 Kg egg production increased significantly with the elevation of dietary energy and protein levels (P<0.05).The results showed that a diet containing 11.31% CP and 2700 Kcal ME/kg adequately satisfied the maintenance and production requirements of Fars native hens during the second phase of production. Also, this ration was more economical.

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To evaluate the effects of heat treatments on sprouting weight, loss and other charactristics of two potato cultivars (Agria and Diamont) in cold (9±1) and ambient (18±1) storage, a series of experiments were conducted in 2004. In this study, after curing, the tubers of both cultivars were treated with warm air, at 25, 35, 45 and 57^oC for 4, 8 and 12 h and with warm water at 22, 54 and 57 for 15 and 30 min. Treated tubers were packed in net bags and were kept in cold and ambinent storage for 2 and 4 months. The results of the study indicated that warm air at 45^oC for 8 and 24 h and warm water at 57^oC for 15 min. in comparison to control reduced the percentage of tuber sprouting significantly, without internal changes in tubers composition.

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Isolating and cloning of plant protease inhibitor (PIs) genes and transforming them to the genome of other plants have paved the way for producing resistant transgenic plants against pests. Knowing that cystatins act as inhibitor factor against cysteine protease, short and long cystatin genes were isolated from maize mRNA. By using specific primers, cDNA of these genes were constructed and cloned in pUC19 and pGEX 2T plasmid vectors. The recombinant plasmid vectors were then transformed to E. coli (strain DH5 α) competent cells using electroporation. The competent cells harboring the clones were grown in suitable medium and cystatin proteins fused to Glutation-S-transferase (GST) were purified by glutation agarose bead filter. In each step of the procedure the presence of cystatin genes were confirmed through electrophoresis. Further evaluation proved the inhibitory effect and a mild stability of at least one of the corn cystatin (CC II) when incubated with cysteine protease.

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Gelatin as a proteineous component is important in the food, pharmaceutical, medical abd technical industeries. Gelatin is used in food industerials to prepare marmallads, jellies, confectioneries and ice cream. The main purpose of this research was to optimize the usage of cheap primary material, i.e. a lot of fishery wastes for extraction of gelatin and to decrease the importation gelatin from abroad that is usually prepared from pig skin and wastes of animal. This research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the effect of pH conditions( in alkaline and acidic conditions) and type of raw material (three raw material: fillet plant wastes, fish shark fish hoof) were evaluated on some best qualitative and quantitative Characteristics of gelatin( yield, purification value, color and odor and flavor). In second stage, the temperature effect( in 3 levels,70,75,80 degree of centigrade) and pH in 2 levels (6.5 and 6) were evaluated on the gelatin yield content. It should be mentioned that all of raw material were prepared from fishery factory of Booshehr. The results from first stage showed that using from alkaline condition and fishery wastes, the amount of gelatin will be maximum with pH=6.5, temperature=70 degree of centigrade. Also under the same conditions the best quality gelatin can be obtained.

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To determine the preheating effect on frozen French - fries quality, four potato cultivars: Agria, Marfona, Auozonia & Auola were selected from Faridan region in Isfahan province & transferred to cold storage at temp.=5+0.5°C and RH=85-90%. At first, some physico – chemical characteristics of potato tubers such as specific gravity and dry matter content were measured by A.O.A.C methods. Also reducing sugar contents were analyzed by “High Performance Liquid Chromatography” (HPLC). The potato strips were blanched in hot water at different condition: 70°C - 4 min, 70 °C 10 min, 95 °C - 2min and then deep - fat fried at temperature 175°C for 2 minutes. Product quality properties such as texture, color and oil absorption were determined by standard methods. The data were analyzed using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design, and average comparisons were made by by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.01). The results showed that blanching at 70 °C for 10 minutes markedly improved the quality parameters. Treatment at 95 °C – 2 min did not have any significant effect on Hunter Lab color parameters compared with 70 °C – 10 min. treatment, but the texture was significantly different. The oil absorption increased in strips blanched at 95 °C for 2 minutes. The samples blanched at 70 °C – 4 min had no significant effect on the product quality. In conculsion, Agria &Auola cultivars were more suitable for manufacturing French - fries than the other two varieties.

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Potatoes are the third most important food crop in Iran. But fluctuations in the production of potato have made imbalances in supply and demand. Lack of appropriate planning for cultivation and marketing operation and farmers’ little knowledge of marketing provides a ground for uncertainty about marketing. To compete successfully in markets, knowledge on marketing is necessary. Succeeding in markets is possible by conducting the marketing educational programs. The broad objective of most marketing educational programs is to help producers modify production and marketing. The first stage in planning of marketing programs is to determine the educational needs. Therefore, needs assessment before planning and conducting to programs is necessary. In this study the educational needs of potato farmers regarding marketing have been considered. The descriptive- correlational research methodology was used in this study. The target population included potato farmers from Ajabshir Township, East Azerbaijan Province. A random sample of 110 potato farmers was selected by multistage cluster random sampling method for completing the questionnaires. Research results indicated that respondents’ technical knowledge in marketing is low especially in pricing and marketing. The most important educational needs of respondents were marketing and pre-harvest activities. The independent variables such as age, literacy rate, yield rate, experience of potato farming and size of potato farms did not have any significant relationship with educational needs. Based on respondents’ opinions, the best educational method was meeting agents on farm and conducting the educational courses.

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In this study wholesale prices of selected crops, namely, tomato, onion and potatoes in Fars province were predicted for various time horizons by using common methods of forecasting and artificial neural networks (ANN). Monthly data from September 1998 to June 2005 period were obtained from Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture. For comparing different methods data selected from September 1998 to December 2004 were utilized, and latest six - month data were mainly used to monitor the power of prediction. The MAE, MSE and MAPE criteria were used for comparing the ability of different forecasting methods. Results of this study showed that ANN had the lowest error in prediction of prices for one - to three - month periods, but for six - month prediction, all forecasting methods were not statistically different.

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A 4x4 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted separately on two major pistachio varieties, Ohady and Kaleghoochy, to investigate the effects of shaking amplitude and frequency on pistachio nut and cluster detachment. Four levels of shaking frequencies used for Ohady were 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 Hz, while those of Kaleghoochy were 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 Hz. Four levels of shaking amplitude for Ohady were 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm, while those of the Kaleghoochy were 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm. Analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that the effects of shaking amplitude and frequency on pistachio nut and cluster detachment were significant on both varieties. It was found that in Ohady, at frequency of 12.5 Hz and amplitude of 80 mm, the maximum effective nut detachment occurred. But considering the need to limit both yield loss and limb damage to 5% and minimizing the power requirement of the limb shaker, applying shaking amplitude of 60 mm and frequency of 10 Hz, which detaches 95% of the nuts, is considered as the most suitable combination of shaking amplitude and frequency. Also, at amplitude of 80 mm and frequency of 12.5 Hz, the highest percentage of cluster detachment occurred. Here again, by considering limb damage and power requirement, applying shaking frequency of 12.5 Hz at 60 mm amplitude with 69% cluster detachment was selected as the most suitable combination. In Kaleghoochi, at amplitude of 100 mm and frequency of 15 Hz, nut detachment was 100%, while the need to limit limb damage and power consumption, the combination of 60 mm amplitude and 15 Hz frequency with 97.2% nut detachment was selected as the most suitable one. For cluster harvesting of Kaleghoochy, shaking amplitudes of 60 and 40 mm and frequency of 12.5 Hz with cluster detachment of 75 and 69 percent, respectively were selected as the most suitable ones. The average ratio of tensile force required for removing pistachio nut to its weight (F/W), and the ratio of tensile force required for removing pistachio cluster to its weight (V/W), which could be considered as an index of ease of detachment, were measured 6.2 and 37 for Ohady and 9 and 37.8 for Kaleghoochy, respectively. Finally, we may conclude that by applying the suitable combination of shaking amplitude and frequency, shake harvesting of pistachio could be practiced successfully.

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The effects of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties, and sowing dates on weed interference were investigated in a 2-year (2002-3, and 2003-4 growing season) field experiment in Agricultural Research Station of Kohdasht in Lorestan Province. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with 3 replications. The experiment had 3 factors: weed interference at 2 levels (weed free, and weed infested throughout the total growing season), planting date at 3 levels (autumn, winter, and spring) and Chickpea varieties at 3 levels (ILC482, Hasham, and Greet). Weed density in autumn sowing plots was more than 3 and 7 times greater in autumn chickpea than in winter and spring sowing plots, respectively. Weed biomass in autumn sowing was 2.5 times as much as winter or spring sowing. Wild safflower and volunteer barley were the most frequent among the weed species. Volunteer barley was mainly present in autumn and winter planting dates. Wild safflower was among the weed species that in addition to competition, caused much difficulty to chickpea harvesting. Based on the hyperbolic curve fitted to the data, Chickpea maximum biomass reduction due to weed competition was estimated to be 91.8 %.

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This research was carried out to determine the optimum conditions for acidic extraction of gelatine from cattle bones. The effects of different treatments such as pH (1.8 to 2.6), temperature (60 to 80°C) and time (40 to 120minutes) on yield of extraction, gel strength, viscosity and absorption (420 nm) was measured. Coefficients of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and regression surface response.... (RSREG) were used. The coefficients for yield, gel strength, viscosity and absorption were 0.990, 0.991, 0.998, 0.928, respectively. According to variance analysis of the data, there were significant differences between the effects of three variables (pH, temperature and time) on yield of extraction and viscosity, but no significant difference was observed between the effects of temperature and pH on gel strength and absorption, respectively. Comparisons of the averages of functional characteristics of acidic and commercial gelatin showed that viscosity and strength of acidic gelatin were higher than those of commercial one. The optimum conditions were found to be: pH=1.88, temp. 80°C and 118 min., to reach the highest yield and pH=1.88, temp. 60°C and 48 min. to get maximum strength, and pH=2.56, temp. 69°C and 118 min. to obtain the maximum viscosity and finally, pH=2.6, temp. 62°C and 48 min. for minimum absorption. Also, the results revealed that there were significant differences between trace elements content (Fe, Ca and Pb) of commercial and acidic gelatins. Although, acidic gelatin contained higher amount of the elements, but these amounts were still less than maximum values which are allowed to exist in gelatin. Amino acid compositions of both gelatins were almost identical.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of early life nutrient restriction and subsequent intermittent lighting schedule on performance in broiler. In a factorial experiment, the effect of three levels of feeding regimes and two levels of lighting schedule were investigated using 480 day-old male Hubbard chicks. The broiler chickens were randomly distributed over two rooms consisting of 4 replicates of 20 birds for each of three treatment groups. From 3 to 12 days of age treatment groups were either allowed ad-libitum access, 90% or 80% to feed. From 12 days of age until 42 days of age all birds were allowed ad-libitum access to feed. The lighting schedule for day 12 onwards in one room was a 23h light (L): 1h dark (D) lighting schedule (CL) and another room with an intermittent lighting schedule (IL, 1L:3D) from 8 AM until 8 PM . The results indicated that feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds reared in the IL schedule were significantly lower than CL , at growth and total period of experiment (p<0.01). IL schedule did not have any significant effect on mean body weight at the end of experimental period and body weight gain at total period of experiment(p>0.05). Relative growth rate and production (PI( in the IL were higher than CL schedule (p<0.01). Feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds given 90 and 80% of ad libitum were significantly lower in comparison with control group (p<0.01). Body weight (gain) at the end of the experiment and growth period and body weight gain in birds fed 80% of ad libitum group were significantly lower in comparison with control and 90% of ad libitum groups. At 5,6 weeks and grower period EPI and relative growth rate in birds fed 80 and 90% of ad libitum were significantly higher in comparison with control. These results indicated that feed restriction and lighting program did not have any significant effect on carcass composition (protein, fat, ash and dry matter), carcass fragment percentage (except for drumstick), abdominal fat percentage, lung , heart, right and left ventricle weight and hematocrit percentage (p>0.05), but proportion of heart weight to body weight and drumstick percentage in birds fed 80 % of ad libitum were higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Lighting schedule and feeding regime did not have any interaction effect, except for relative growth rate (p<0.05). Relative growth rate in birds with feed restriction under IL schedule was higher than birds with feed restriction under CL schedule. Intermittent lighting and feed restriction had synergic, activity effect and positive effect on body weight gain and feed convertion ratio.