Showing 35 results for Sugar
Z Davarpanah, M Shey Zeinodin, Sh Dokhani, Gh Saeedi,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Sweet tasting glycyrrhizic acid is considered to be the most important chemical compound in licorice root. However, environmental factors affect chemical composition of licorice root including glycyrrhizic acid content. In this study, the effects of the harvesting time and location on licorice root composition were studied. Chemical composition of the licorice roots (Glycyrrhizia glabra) collected in summer and fall seasons from three locations in Fars province (Eghlid, Beiza and Doshman-Ziary) and one location from each of Kerman (Baft) and Kermanshah (Islam-Abad) provinces was determined. Glycyrrizhic acid, ash and sugar content before and after hydrolysis were measured in all samples after extraction. A combined analysis of variances was performed on data based on a randomized complete block design in six replications. The results showed that effects of harvesting season on sugar content, and the effects of location and its interaction with harvesting season on ash, sugar and glycyrrhizic acid content were significant (p<0.01). It was also found that the lowest ash content were obtained from roots harvested from Islam-Abad in summer the highest sugar content before hydrolysis belonged to roots harvested from both Baft and Islam-Abad in fall. Highest amount of sugar after hydrolysis was reported in the roots collected from Islam-Abad in Fall. Roots harvested from Beiza in Fars province in fall had the maximum glycyrrizhic acid content.
A Sheinidashtegol, H.a Kashkouli, A.a Naseri, S Boromandnasab,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (10-2009)
Abstract
Sugarcane has been cultivated in an extensive area in Khuzestan and irrigated by hydro-flume or siphon and furrow. In a field experiment during 2005-6 at Amir Kabir Agro-Industry, Khuzestan, the effect of every other-furrow irrigation method was studied on sugarcane in regard to irrigation water volume, water use efficiency and quality and quantity of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three irrigation treatments, including conventional method (blank), variable every other furrow(alternative furrow) and fixed every other furrow. This experiment was conducted by cv. Cp69-1062 sugarcane. The results showed that water use efficiency rates were 0.41, 0.58 and 0.7 kg/m3 for conventional, fixing furrow and alternative, respectively. However, water use efficiency rates were not significantly different in treatments. It had minimum amount of water use efficiency in every other furrow treatments. Maximum water use efficiency, quality and quantity of sugarcane were obtained every other irrigation. Maximum irrigation water was used in conventional treatment and resulted in minimum irrigation, quality sugarcane and water use efficiency. It produced 14.5 ton/ha sugar for 20604 m3/ha application of irrigation. Sugarcane quality and quantity characteristics in variable treatments, except for length number per hectare, were not significant.
Sh. Javanmardi , R. Fotovat , J. Saba,
Volume 14, Issue 53 (10-2010)
Abstract
Osmotic adjustment is generally regarded as an important adaptation of wheat to drought. Because it helps to maintain turgor and cell volume, osmotic adjustment is often thought to promote growth, yield, or survival, of plants in dry soils. However, a physiological rationale for such views is lacking. This study was conducted to determine the effect of osmotic adjustment and some of its components on the wheat yield. Ten bread wheat cultivars were grown in pots under different watering levels using a split plot design. During grain filling stage, RWC, leaf sugar content, proline content and osmotic regulation were estimated by sampling flag leaf under normal and stress conditions. Main stem was used for measuring sugar content of different parts of stem. Although there were some differences in osmotic regulation in wheat lines, there were no relationships between yield and osmotic regulation. It was shown that these components probably have a little share in wheat osmotic regulation.
A. Shariat, M. H. Assareh, A. Ghamari-Zare,
Volume 14, Issue 53 (10-2010)
Abstract
Heavy metals including cadmium produced as a result of urban, industrial and agricultural activities lead to the water pollution. Also, considering the growing need for silviculture in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research on fast growing and evergreen species of Eucalyptus and their role in heavy metals' absorption. To achieve this goal, Eucalyptus occidentalis seedlings were grown in pots containing silica and irrigated with a mixture of nutrient solution and cadmium chloride in 5, 10 and 15 m M for 10 months. Root and leaf samples were harvested and the amount of cadmium in stem, root and leaf organs was measured. Also, some morphological and physiological characteristics were determined including soluble sugar and praline. The analysis indicated that the cadmium concentrations of 15 mM treatment in the root, leaf and stem were 585, 142 and 87 mg/kg D.W., respectively. Proline content increased with the increase of Cadmium concentration while the content of pigments decreased. The result of this research shows that eucalypt has the potential of cadmium accumulation without any serious damage to its growth. Therefore, the plant can be used to decrease the environmental pollutions.
M. Farasati, S. Boroomandnasab, J. Abedi Koupai, N. Jafarzadeh, H. Moazed, M. Saiedian,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (10-2012)
Abstract
The effect of sugarcane straw anion exchanger with Micro and Nanostructure scale as the adsorbent for contaminated water treatment was investigated. The effects of operating conditions such as adsorbent loading, initial anion concentration, pH and the presence of competitive ions on the adsorption performances were examined. Equilibrium time and pH and adsorbent dosage were 3h, 6 and 0.5g respectively. The effect of initial concentration on the adsorption of NO3- ions by sugarcane straw anion exchanger was investigated by varying solution concentrations (5-120 mg L-1) using 0.5g adsorbent dose. For micro and nanostructures, adsorption capacity was (0.38-6.94 mg g-1) and (0.44-7.51 mg g-1) respectively. In the column experiment, for micro and nanostructures with (15, 50 and 120 mg L-1) and 0.98 L hr-1 flow rate, adsorption capacity was (8.73, 25.71and 36.25 mg g-1) and (12, 27 and 48.15 mg g-1) respectively. The result of this study indicated that sugarcane straw anion exchanger with micro and nanostructure scale could be used for the removal of nitrate ions in the contaminated water treatment. sugarcane straw anion exchanger -nanostructure adsorbent had higher adsorption than micro adsorbent for nitrate removal.
N. Miran , A. Samadi,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (10-2012)
Abstract
To establish DRIS norms in sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) and compare them with DOP index, leaf samples were collected from 57 fields and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations were determined. On the bases of crop yield, the fields were divided into two groups with low and high yielding performances. Standard DRIS norms were established for the different nutrient ratios. DRIS indices were calculated to evaluate nutrient balances and order of nutrients requirements. Sufficiency ranges of macro and micro nutrients were derived by DRIS technique. DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges were 3.0-5.4, 0.21-0.47, 1.7-3.7, 0.55-1.6, 0.19-0.34% for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 24-168, 10-19, 42-138, 10-14, 9-20 mg/kg for Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, B, respectively. DRIS indices showed that among macro and micro nutrients in all low yielding fields, Phosphorus and copper had the most negative index values, respectively. The nutritional balance index (NBI) of DRIS and of DOP (∑DOP) were much more than zero in all low-yielding fields, indicating that there was imbalance between the absorbed nutrients by sugar beet. Comparison of the DRIS method with the DOP showed that both methods provide similar information in the interpretation of the results of leaf analysis.
K. Hashemimajd, Sh. Jamaati-E-Somarin,
Volume 17, Issue 63 (6-2013)
Abstract
Composting and vermicomposting are two efficient methods to recycle organic wastes. In order to investigate the structural changes in organic matter during the composting and vermicomposting processes, cattle manure and filter-cake of sugar cane were incubated with and without earthworm's presence in a controlled temperature and moisture condition for 16 weeks. Compound samples were taken at 0, 8, and 16 weeks. Carbon, nitrogen and C:N ratio were measured by a CN analyzer apparatus. Solid samples were used for structural analysis using FTIR and solid state CP MAS 13C NMR devices. C:N ratio was decreased with improving decomposition process. The C:N ratio was slightly elevated after 16 weeks of vermicomposting. Structural analysis with both spectroscopic methods showed a decrease of O-alkyl C and increase of aromatic and carboxylic functional groups. The analysis of samples with 13C NMR showed that after 16 weeks, the percentage composition of O-alkyl filter-cake decreased from 41 percent in the first sample to about 33.1 percent. The amount of these compounds in manure samples decreased from 56.7 percent to 43.6 percent. Aromatic compounds in samples of raw filter-cake and manure increased from 12.5 and 13.5 percent to 16.4 and 18.7 percent, respectively. Percentage of carboxyl compounds increased, respectively, from 8.5 and 5.6 percent to 9.7 and 7.2% in the filter-cake and manure sample. Vermicomposts had higher content of aromatic groups compared to composts (In manure samples 18.7 instead of 17.1 percent). After 16 weeks of incubation the aromatic and carboxylic compounds slightly decreased in the vermicomposting process. Analysis of composts and vermicomposts with FTIR and 13C NMR resulted in similar signals with the different frequency intensities. There was a suitable correlation (r=0.897**) among the spectroscopic methods in characterization of composts and vermicomposts
A. Veisitabar, A. Hemmat, M. R. Mosaddeghi,
Volume 19, Issue 72 (8-2015)
Abstract
Considering soil compaction problem in sugarcane fields due to using heavy harvester and haulout equipment under unsuitable moisture conditions, this research aims to assess soil compaction in sugarcane fields located in Da'balKhazaei Plantation unitofSugarcane Development and By-product Company, Ahvaz. Undisturbed soil samples from the furrow (wheel tracks) were collected for measuring soil water content and bulk density. Considering the changes in soil texture of sugarcane fields, for expressing the degree of soilcompactness, in addition to soil bulk density (BD), relative bulk density (BD divided by reference BD) was also determined. The change in soil mechanical resistance with depth was determined by a cone penetrometer. Results showed that most of soil BD values measured in the sugarcane fields were in the range of small root development scale (high limitation). Comparingthe calculated RBD values with optimum value (0.85), it was observed that most of the values were higher than the optimum values recommended for root growth. This shows excessivesoil compaction in the sugarcane fields. The values of cone indices measured in soil profiles indicated that most of the values were higher than either limiting (2 MPa) or critical (3 MPa) values for root growth. Therefore, for improving soil physical fertility and achieving sustainability in crop production, management of farm machinery traffic in sugarcane fields, especially at the harvest time, needs to be reconsidered.
E. Ahmadpoor Dehkordi, M. R. Tadayon, A. Tadayon,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (11-2015)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of urban wastewater and different fertilizer sources on macro and micro nutrients' concentration and shoot dry weight of sugar beet, a field experiment was arranged as a split plot in RCBD design with three replications at Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013. The main factors included irrigation with urban wastewater at 2-4 leaf stage and 8-12 leaf stage, and irrigation with normal water (control). The four types of fertilizer included sheep manure, spent mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer (control) in the sub-plot. The results showed that the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage significantly increased leaf number and shoot dry weight of sugar beet compared to the plot irrigated with tap water. Besides, the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage had a significant effect on the elements of N, P and K concentration in shoot dry weight of sugar beet, but the plot irrigated with urban wastewater did not significantly affect the elements of Fe and Zn concentration. From among the fertilizer treatments, the maximum shoot dry weight and leaf number per plant belonged to the application of sheep manure and also the highest elements of Fe and Zn concentrations belonged to the treatment of spent mushroom compost.
M. M. Matinzadeh, J. Abedi Koupai, H. Nozari, A. Sadeghi Lari, M. Shayannejad,
Volume 20, Issue 76 (8-2016)
Abstract
In this research, a comprehensive simulation model for water cycle and the nitrogen dynamics modeling including all the important processes involved in nitrogen transformations such as fertilizer dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium volatilization, mineralization, immobilization as well as all the important nitrogen transportation processes including nitrogen uptake by the plant, soil particles adsorption, upward flux, surface runoff losses and drain losses, was used for fertilizer management modeling in a sugarcane farmland in Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company using a system dynamics approach. For evaluating the model the data collected from Imam Agro-Industrial Company equipped with a tile drainage system with shallow ground water and located in Khuzestan province, Iran, were used. The statistical analysis of the observed and simulated data showed that the RMSE for determining the accuracy of simulation of the nitrate and ammonium concentration in drainage water is 1.73 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. The results indicated that there is good agreement between the observed and the simulated data. Nine scenarios of fertilization at different levels of urea fertilizer were modeled including one scenario of 400 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 350 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 325 kg/ha, two spilit scenarios of 300 kg/ha, one scenario of 280 kg/ha and one scenario of 210 kg/ha. Results of the modeling showed that the scenario of 210 kg/ha has the highest nitrogen use efficiency (52.3%) and the lowest nitrogen losses consisted of denitrification, ammonium volatilization and drainage losses (17.82, 7.16 and 92.59 kg/ha, respectively). The results revealed that increasing the consumption of urea fertilizer greater than 210 kg/ha increased the overall nitrogen losses and reduced the nitrogen use efficiency. Meanwhile, this model can be used for managing the fertilizer and controlling the nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the drainage water to prevent the environmental pollution. Also, the system dynamics approach was found as an effective technique for simulating the complex water-soil-plant-drainage system.
M. Golabi, M. Albaji, A. Naseri,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (11-2017)
Abstract
In the present study Hydrus-1D software was used to simulate electrical conductivity, pH and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulfate ions. Field experiments were performed at the Sugarcane Research Center located in south of Ahvaz on sugarcane varieties CP48-103 with four water treatments (one treatment was Karun river water and three treatments were diluted drainage water) and three replications. The samples were collected from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil depth before irrigation and electrical conductivity and anions and cations of soil were measured in the laboratory. Sensitivity analysis and calibration were first performed with the aim of verifying the Hydrus-1D software. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the software had maximum sensitivity to the saturated volumetric water content. Minimum sensitivity was for the inverse of the air-entry suction, tortuosity parameter, residual volumetric water contents and moderate sensitivity was for hydraulic conductivity at natural saturation. Also, the software did not show any sensitivity to empirical parameter related to the pore size distribution that is reflected in the slope of water retention curve. In calibration stage the amount of hydraulic conductivity at natural saturation, residual volumetric water contents, saturation volumetric water contents, the inverse of the air-entry suction, empirical parameter related to the pore size distribution and tortuosity were obtained as 18 (cm/day), 0.04 (cm3/cm3), 0.63(cm3/cm3), 0.012 (cm-1), 1.2 and 0.6 respectively. The results showed that the coefficient of determination of all parameters was more than 0.85 which confirms the appropriate capabilities of the model in simulation of electrical conductivity, pH, anions and cations. In the modeling carried out the amount of NRMSE was between 11 and 18 percent which indicates good performance of the model. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criterion was obtained 0.72 to 0.8 that indicates a good match of the model with reality. The coefficient of residual mass in this paper was positive for electrical conductivity, pH and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and negative for chloride and sulfate. The positive and negative coefficient of the residual mass shows less and over estimation of the model.
M. Habibian, S. Jafari, M. Sheklabadi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Sugarcane is cultivated in the wide area in Khuzestan province. In these areas, irrigated sugarcane cultivation consumes more than 30,000 cubic meters per hectare annually. This research was carried out to determine the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process and forms of iron oxides. Different sugarcane fields with different utilization times were selected and soil physico-chemical properties and different Fe forms were measured. The results showed that with enhancing the utilization time, the total amount of total iron oxides (Fed) and crystalline iron oxides (Fed-Feo) was increased. The average value of the Fed from 6958 mg/kg in the fields with a medium utilization history was decreased to 4560 mg/kg in fields with a short utilization history. Similarly, the average amount of crystalline iron oxide from 5888.3 mg/kg in the fields with a long utilization history was decreased to 5003.9 mg/kg in the fields with a short utilization hostory. This increase reflected the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process in the cultivated fields. The amount of non-crystalline iron oxides (Feo) was decreased from 443.9 mg/kg from the soil surface to 273.8 mg/kg to the subsurface. This increase was related to the more organic matter and the microbial activity in the surface soil. The amount of active iron (Feo/Fed) was dropped in all fields after the cultivation. Also, this ratio was dropped from 0.055 in the fields with a long cultivation history to 0.064 in the fields with a short utilized field. The results, therefore, showed that the increase of crystalline iron oxides was due to sugarcane and its heavy irrigation.
H. Shabani, M. A. Delavar, S. T. Fardood,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Today, to reduce the risks of contaminants, new remediation techniques have been focused on low-cost and environmentally friendly manners. Given the frequency of access, inexpensiveness and good physical and chemical properties, biochar has a high potential for the remediation of water pollutants. In this paper, the efficiency of chitosan engineered biochar (Bc-Ch) and pristine biochar (Bg-Bc) prepared from sugarcane bagasse biomass (Bg) in the Cd2+ removal in aqueous solution was investigated. To this aim, the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage and solution pH on cadmium removal were evaluated by adsorption isotherms and Kinetic models. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could be well fitted with the process of cadmium biosorption. The maximum adsorption capacities of Bc-Ch, Bg-Bc and Bg ,according to Langmuir model, were found to be 32/78 mg/g, 11/57 mg/g and 2/23 mg/g, respectively. For these absorbents, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed the best fit to the experimental adsorption data. This study, therefore, indicated that the chitosan engineered biochar could be used as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly sorbent to remediate heavy metals contamination in the environment.
Z. Noori, M. A. Delavar, Y. Safari,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
The present study was intended to improve the chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil using the individual application of alfalfa residue and two biochars produced from sugarcane bagasse and walnut shell, at the weighting ratio of 5%; their concomitant application with gypsum, aluminum sulfate and the mixture of these two chemical amendments was considered. The experiment was conducted in three replications using the factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. After four months of incubation, the soil samples were measured for their main chemical properties. The results showed that alfalfa residues were the most effective treatment to reduce the soil pH; so the concomitant application of this organic amendment with gypsum lowered the soil pH from 9.13 in the control (untreated soil) to 7.24. It was also observed that the addition of gypsum and/or aluminum sulfate to the soil led to the increase of the soil electrolyte concentration and consequently, the increase of soil electrical conductivity to three times greater than control, through an increase of ions, like calcium and sulfate in the soil solution. Increasing the soluble sodium concentration by replacing exchangeable sodium by other similar ions showed that the studied treatments enhanced the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), which could be regulated by washing. Concomitant application of the walnut-shell biochar with gypsum had the most increasing effect on the soil SAR, enhancing it from 22.6 in the control to 54.3. Potassium was released from organic amendments, improving the soil general conditions; addition of chemical amendments elevated soil exchangeable potassium contents; however, the elevated soil available phosphorus contents were less influenced by chemical amendments application. As the conclusion, it seems that the positive impacts of the applied chemical and organic amendments would supplement each other; as a result, the concurrent use of both treatments not only improves the bad soil chemical properties, but also enhances the soil fertility.
H. Jafarinia, A. Shabani, S. Safirzadeh, M.j Amiri,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Due to the climatic conditions of Iran, increasing water scarcity, and the effect of drought stress on the efficiency of irrigation water consumption and chemical fertilizers application, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals (6, 9, and 12-day intervals), different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (200, 300, and 400 kg urea per hectare) and cultivation methods (on-ridge or heeling up and in-furrow) on yield and productivity of sugarcane as a factorial design based on randomized complete block design in 3 replications at Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry Company in Khuzestan province. The results showed that the maximum (106.73 tons/ha) and minimum (59.10 tons/ha) sugarcane yields were observed in 9-day and 12-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the highest sugarcane yield (99.89 tons per hectare) was obtained in the treatment of 400 kg urea per hectare and the in-furrow planting method resulted in a higher yield compared to the on-ridge planting method. The highest water productivity in sugarcane stem yield and sugar production with 3.55 and 0.34 kg per cubic meter of applied water, respectively, was obtained in a 9-day irrigation interval. A significant increase in water use efficiency in sugarcane stem yield was observed in 400 kg urea/ha compared to the other two fertilizer levels. However, there was no significant difference in water productivity of sugar yield between different fertilizer treatments. The results showed that 6 and 9-day irrigation intervals in most of the studied traits were not significantly different. Therefore, using a 9-day irrigation interval is suggested in the studied area when the sugarcane cultivation area is high and the amount of available water is limited. In-furrow planting method can also be effective in reducing water consumption. Therefore, deficit irrigation and proper nitrogen fertilizer consumption can be very effective in sugarcane cultivation.
