Showing 38 results for Ghasemi
H. R. Pourghasemi, H. R. Moradi, M. Mohammdi, R. Mostafazadeh, A. Goli Jirandeh,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (Winte - 2013 2013)
Abstract
The aim of present research is landslide hazard zoning using Bayesian theory in a part of Golestan province. For this purpose, landslides inventory map was created by landslide locations of landslide database (392 landslide locations). Then, the maps of effective parameters in landslide such as slope degree, aspect, altitude, slope curvature, geology, land use, distance of drainage, distance of road, distance of fault, stream power index (SPI), sediment transport index (STI), and rainfall were prepared in GIS environment. Relationship between effective factors and landslide locations were considered using Bayesian probability theory. In the next step, parameters classes weights were found and the landslide susceptibility mapping was achieved by fourteen modeling approaches (using whole parameters and deleting parameters one by one). The verification results by ROC curve and 30% landslide locations showed that the Bayesian probability model has 71.37% accuracy for the second approach of modeling in the study area.
S. Ghaseminejad, S. Soltani, A. Soffianian,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (summer 2014)
Abstract
Drought is a one of the most important natural disasters that have high socio-economic and environmental impacts.
However, drought is more than a physical phenomenon or natural event. Its impact results from the relation between a natural event and demands on the water supply, and it is often exacerbated by human activities. The traditional approach to drought management has been reactive, relying on crisis management. Due to the drawbacks of crisis management, employing proper risk management techniques has been suggested. In order to move from crisis management to risk management, in this study, risk of drought in Isfahan province was evaluated. Drought hazard index and vulnerability index are components of the drought risk management. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used as the index of drought hazard. For the calculation of SPI, the monthly rainfall data in 47 meteorological stations during the period of 1975-2007 were collected. The time series of rainfall data were prepared and for calculation of the standardized precipitation index in a 12 month timescale they were imported to SPI program. Percentage of drought occurrence in each severity was calculated and then the drought index map was obtained. Vulnerability index was calculated through socio-economic indicators (population density and percentage of people involved in agriculture), and physical indicators (available water capacity of soil and land use). Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) technique was applied for combination of vulnerability indicators. To assign weights to the criteria, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. After providing the maps, fuzzy membership functions for every criterion were used for their standardization. For the weighting of the criteria, a questionnaire was prepared and criteria comparison was done using the participatory approach by a group of experts. Finally, the drought risk index was calculated by multiplying the drought hazard index and vulnerability index. The results showed that hazard of very severe drought is mainly concentrated in the central part of province. The North and North East of Isfahan province could experience condition of severe drought. South West of Isfahan province is under moderate drought condition compared to the other parts of the province. Map of drought vulnerability index showed that the most vulnerability is in the West, South and North-East of province. Map of drought risk index showed that the Northern Province demonstrated high risk. To reduce the drought risk in Isfahan province, improving monitoring, early warning, increasing environmental awareness, and promoting water resource management practices should be considered.
H.r. Pourghasemi, H.r. Moradi, S.m. Fatemi Aghda,
Volume 18, Issue 70 (winter 2015)
Abstract
The objective of the current research was to prioritize effective factors in landslide occurrence and its susceptibility zonation using Shannon’s entropy index in North of Tehran metropolitan. To this end, 528 landslide locations were identified using satellite images such as Geoeye (2011-2012), SPOT-5 (2010), and field surveys, and then landslide inventory map was created for the study area in ArcGIS environment. Data layers such as slope degree, slope aspect, plan curvature, altitude, lithology, land use, distance of road, distance of fault, distance of drainage, drainage density, road density, sediment transport index (STI), stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface area ratio (SAR) and topographic position index (TPI) were created and the mentioned maps were digitized in GIS environment. Prioritization of effective factors by Shannon’s entropy index showed that the layers such as land use, lithology, slope degree, stream power index, and NDVI had the most effect on landslide occurrence. However, factors of topographic position index and plan curvature had the least effect. Also, landslide susceptibility zoning by the mentioned model and its accuracy assessment using relative operating characteristics (ROC) curve and 30 percent of landslide locations showed an accuracy of 82.83% with a standard error of 0.0233 in the study area.
S. H. Sadeghi, H. Ghasemieh, S. J. Sadatinegad,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract
Rainfall- runoff modeling and river discharge forecasting are an important step toward flood management and control, design of hydraulic structures in basins and drought management. The purpose of this study was simulating the daily flows in the Navrud watershed using WetSpa model. WetSpa is a hydrological- physical model that can predict flood on the watershed scale with different time steps. This model uses topography, land use and soil texture layers and also, the daily meteorological data to predict the flow hydrograph. In this study, the data of 4 stations (Khlyan, Khrjgyl, Gavkhs, Nav) during the water years 2006-2011 were used. 36 months from September 2006 and 36 months from September 2009 to September 2011 were selected for calibration and test of model, respectively. Simulation results of WetSpa model showed that this model simulates river Daily flow using collective measures of 0.63 and 0.61 in calibration and test periods, respectively. According to this result, it can be stated that the model estimates peak discharge and flow volume in both periods very well. Also, this model could simulate well the water balance of Navrud Basin.
S. H. Sadeghi , H. Ghasemieh, S. J. Sadatinegad,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (fall 2015)
Abstract
Surface runoff is one of the main causes of erosion and loss of soil fertility, sedimentation in reservoirs and reduction of river water quality. Therefore, the accurate prediction of basin response to precipitation events is very important. Hydrological models are simplified views of the actual watershed systems that can help study watershed functions in response to various inputs, and understand hydrological processes better. Due to the variety of Rainfall - Runoff models, choosing a suitable model for the basin is important for water resource planning and management. Thus, the abilities and limitations of basin hydrological models are important to consider in the selection of model. In this study, the performance of IHACRES model in daily runoff simulation of Navroud basin was investigated using evaluation criteria of Nash – Sutcliffe Index (NSH) and the mean total error and the data of Khlyan and Khrjgyl stations during the Water years 2006 - 2011. 36 months from September 2006 and 36 months from September 2009 to September 2011 were selected for calibration and test of model, respectively. Finally, results showed that Nash – Sutcliffe Index and Bias in calibration stage were 0.57 and 8/53, respectively and in verification stage, they were 0.48 and 14/9, respectively. So, the used model has an acceptable accuracy in simulating the studied basin flow.
M. Zolfi Bavariani, A. Ronaghi, N. Karimian, R. Ghasemi, J. Yasrebi,
Volume 20, Issue 75 (Spring 2016)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of poultry manure (PM) and its derived biochars on chemical properties of a sample calcareous soil. Poultry manure and its derived biochars at 200(B200), 300(B300) and 400(B400)°C were incorporated with 400 g of soil at 2% level (w/w) and incubated for 150 days. Some chemical properties of soil and bio-availability of some nutritional ingredients such as phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper were determined at different times of incubation. Soil nutrients availability, organic carbon (OC), electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by addition of all these organic substances. Biochars prepared at higher temperatures were more effective in increasing soil OC and its durability. Addition of PM and B200 decreased soil pH, whereas B400 increased it. Although highest soil EC was observed in B300 and B400 treated samples in the early stages of incubation, the rate of increasing in soil EC was higher at PM and B200 treated samples. In general, it was concluded that biochar prepared at 300°C had the highest effect on availability of nutrients and their durability in the soil.
Z. Feyzi, A.r. Keshtkar, A. Malekian, H. Ghasemieh,
Volume 20, Issue 76 (Summer 2016)
Abstract
Shortage of rainfall and also relatively high intensity precipitations in short-term are characteristics of arid regions of the world, such as central of Iran. Studies have indicated that massive flooding causes great loss of life and properties every year. Also, Water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions of the world will cause fragile living conditions in these areas. Therefore, it is needed to reduce runoff rates using actions such as dam construction or artificial recharge techniques. In this study, seven factors were applied such as the slope, surface permeability, transmissibility in alluvium, alluvial quality, land use, runoff volume and thickness of the unsaturated layer to determine suitable areas and site selection for flood spreading and artificial recharge in south of Kashan plain. After preparing the digital layers, criteria weights were determined using Fuzzy AHP. The weighted maps were acquired and merged together. Results indicated that land use criterion with the greatest weight (0.22) was determined as the first priority in the site selection for flood speading. The parameters of runoff volume, permeability, slope, depth of the unsaturated layer, alluvial quality, and transfer coefficient were accounted as the second to seventh priorities.
M Zolfi Bavariani, A. Ronaghi, N. Karimian, J. Yasrebi, Reza Ghasemi,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (Spring 2017)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of poultry manure (PM) and derived biochars on phosphorous (P) availability and apparent recovery in a calcareous soil. Treatments consisted of four rates of P (0, 30, 60 and 90 µgg-1) and five organic substances (blank, poultry manure and derived biochars at 200, 300 and 400°C). organic substances were incorporated with 400 g of soil at 2% level (w/w). All soil treated samples plus control were incubated for 150 days. Soil P availbility determined at 8 different stage of incubation time period. Phosphorous availability was less in untreated soil samples with organic substances and also decreased with time. Although P recovery from inorganic P fertilizer was high in the early stages of incubation time compared to treated soil samples but decreased with time, if not treated with organic substances. Phosphorus availability and recovery increased with time in PM and biochares treated soil samples. Simultanous application of inorganic P and organic substances decreased apparent P recovery. Negative interaction obsorved between organic substances and high rates of inorganic P fertilizer on P availability. It was concluded that PM biochar prepared at 300°C had the highest effect on adjusting P availability in calcareous soil.
A. Ghasemi, A. Ghanbari, B. A. Fakheri, H. Fanaie,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
In line with sustainable agriculture development, an experiment was conducted including tillage as the main factor in two conventional systems (plowing and mixing fertilizer with soil) and no tillage (leaving residuals of green manure and direct corn sowing). The fertilizer resources were T0: control, T1: barley green manure without chemical and manure fertilizers, T2: barley green manure with full use of the recommended chemical fertilizer (NPK) to barley containing urea, super triple phosphate and potassium sulphate respectively as 165, 90, and 75 kg/ ha, T3: green manure with two -third residual of chemical fertilizer for barley and a third of the residual to corn, T4: green manure with one- third chemical fertilizer for barley and two-third for corn, T5: barley green manure mixed with 50% manure and 50% chemical fertilizer, and T6: green manure with 40 tons of manure used as a sub-plot in the split plot and in completely random blocks with three replications for two crop years ( 2013-2014) at the Agricultural Research Station, Sistan. The results showed that in comparison with no-tillage, the conventional tillage resulted in a significant increase in grain yield, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil organic carbon, bulk density and moisture content of the soil decreased in the conventional tillage. Sources of fertilizer (organic and chemical fertilizers) significantly increased soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and soil moisture content. The pH and soil bulk density factors decreased after using manure sources. Interaction tillage in the fertilizer sources showed that in the conventional tillage and Treatment T5 (mixture of manure, green and chemical fertilizers) the highest yield of corn was obtained with an average of 8471 kg/ha. The results of this experiment reported that using conventional tillage system with mixture of 50% manure, green and chemical fertilizers can increase corn grain yield, provide the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, and improve soil bulk density and soil pH.
S. Ghasemi, A. Hosseinpur, Sh. Kiani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
The rate of metal transfer from the solid phase to solution is an important factor governing their concentration in the soil solution and its availability. In this research, the release rate of Zn in contaminated soils from Isfahan was studied using solutions citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid 0/01 M during the period of 2 - 504 hours and its relationship with soil characteristics was investigated. The results showed that low molecular weight organic acids could release Zn in the contaminated soils. The Zn released by acids was in the order citric acid> oxalic acid> malic acid. Variation range of Zn released a solution of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid, which was 38/9 -21173, 25/2 - 26761 and 25/5 – 20650
mg/kg of soil. Zn released in citric acid solution was higher than that of the two acids. Based on the determination coefficient and standard error estimates done by the kinetic equations, the release of Zn of the contaminated soils and three acid solution was described by the first order equation, elovich, parabolic diffusion and power function, with a high coefficient of determination and a low standard error. Correlation results showed that for the Zn release with the index of Zn usability, there was a significant correlation at 5% level. Showed Multivariate regression model showed that Calcium carbonate, pH and EC affected characteristics of Zn desorption.
Sh. Zand-Parsa, F. Ghasemi Saadat Abadi, M. Mahbod, A. R. Sepaskhah,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Due to the limited water resources and growing population, food security and environmental protection have become a global problem. Increasing water productivity of agricultural products is one of the main solutions to cope with the difficulties. By optimizing applied water and nitrogen fertilizer, the pollution of groundwater could be deceased and the water productivity could be increased. The aim of this research was to determine the relationships between water productivity (IRWP) and water use efficiency (WUE) and different amounts of applied water (irrigation + rain fed) and nitrogen (applied and residual). This study was conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Shiraz) in Shiraz University School of Agriculture, based on a split-plot design with three replications, in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 periods. Irrigation treatments varied from zero to 120% of full irrigation depth, and nitrogen fertilizer treatments varied from zero to 138 kg ha-1 under basin irrigation system. The experimental data of the first and second years were used for the calibration and validation of the proposed relationships, respectively. The calibrated equations using the dimensionless ratios of irrigation depth plus rainfall, actual evapotranspiration and nitrogen fertilizer plus soil residual nitrogen to their amounts in full irrigation and maximum fertilizer amounts were appropriate for the estimation of water productivity and water use efficiency. The values of the determination coefficient (R2) for water productivity and water use efficiency (0.88 and 0.93, respectively), and the values of their normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) (0.2 and 0.13, respectively) showed a good accuracy for the estimation of IRWP and WUE.
F. Afzalinejad, S. Ghasemi, S. E. Seyfati, Sh. Shahbazi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Today, the use of organic wastes as fertilizers to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil is common. In this study, to investigate the effect of the sewage sludge on the growth and concentration of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in quinoa plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a calcareous soil with electrical conductivity of 13.1 dS m-1. Treatments included three genotypes of quinoa (Red carina, Titicaca, Q29) and three levels of sewage sludge (0, 20 and 40 t ha-1). The results showed that the effects of the quinoa genotype, different levels of sewage sludge and the interaction of treatments on the root dry weight, shoot P concentration and chlorophyll concentration were significant. Also, the sewage sludge had a significant effect on the shoot length, shoot dry weight and shoot nitrogen concentration. By increasing the level of the sewage sludge, root length, shoot length, shoot dry weight and shoot N concentration were increased, on average, by 44.7 %, 48.8%, 42.0% and 46.6%, respectively. Also, application of 40 t ha-1 sewage sludge significantly increased the chlorophyll concentration and shoot P concentration in Q29 and Titicaca genotypes. According to the results of this study, application of sewage sludge can increase the growth of quinoa by improving its nutrition.
P. Khosravani, M. Baghernejad, A. Abtahi, R. Ghasemi,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Soil classification in a standard system is usually defined based on information obtained from properties and their variations in different map units. The aim of this study was to compare soil genesis and morphological characteristics in different landforms with WRB and Soil Taxonomy (ST) Systems. From nine studied profiles, six profiles were selected as representative profiles and dug in Colluvial fans, Piedmont plain, and Alluvial plain physiographic units, respectively. Then, the soils were classified according to the pattern of the two systems. Also, variation analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparing means were used to quantify interested soil properties. The results of soil physio-chemical properties at different landform positions were significant based on analysis of variance of the effect of physiographic units and soil depth at the level of 1 %. Soil classification results based on WRB indicated that WRB were recognized four reference soil groups (RSG) included Regosols, Cambisols, Calcisols, and Gleysols at the first level of WRB classification in comparison of ST with recognizing two order Entisols and Inceptisols could separate more soils. The soils were located on the alluvial plain with a high groundwater level in the WRB due to the creation of restrictive conditions for root development in contrast to the ST called “Aquepts” in the suborder level but in a WRB is classified as the “Gleysols” RSG. On the other hand, ST, unlike WRB, used the Shallow criteria at the family level to describe the shallowness of soils and the limitations of root development. Generally, the efficiency of each system varies despite the differences in their structure and depending on the purpose of using them.
F. Ghasemi-Saadat Abadi, S. Zand-Parsa, M. Mahbod,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (Winiter 2022)
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, water resource management and optimization of applying irrigation water are particularly important. For optimization of applying irrigation water, the estimated values of actual evapotranspiration are necessary for avoiding excessive or inadequate applying water. The estimation of actual crop evapotranspiration is not possible in large areas using the traditional methods. Hence, it is recommended to use remote sensing algorithms for these areas. In this research, actual evapotranspiration of wheat fields was estimated using METRIC algorithm (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration), using ground-based meteorological data and satellite images of Landsat8 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, in 2016-2018. In the process of METRIC execution, cold pixels are located in well-irrigated wheat fields where there is no water stress and maximum crop evapotranspiration occurred. The estimated maximum values of evapotranspiration using the METRIC algorithm were validated favorably using the obtained values by the AquaCrop model with NRMSE (Normalized Root Mean Square Errors) equal to 0.12. Finally, the values of water productivity (grain yield per unit volume of evapotranspiration) and irrigation efficiency were estimated using the values of predicted actual evapotranspiration using remote sensing technique. The values of measured irrigation water and produced wheat grain yield in 179 ha were estimated at 0.86 kg m-3 and 75%, respectively.
S. Ayoubi Ayoublu, M. Vafakhah, H.r. Pourghasemi,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Population growth, urbanization, and land use change have increased disastrous floods. Iran is also among the countries at high risk of floods. The latest examples of flood damage are the devastating floods of the spring of 2019 with significant mortality and financial losses in more than ten provinces of the country. The purpose of this study is to prepare an urban flood risk map of District 4 City Shiraz. The vulnerability of the region was made using PROMETHEE Ⅱ and COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making models and urban flood hazard zones were prepared by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and ridge regression (RR) models and a risk map was obtained by multiplying the vulnerability and hazard in ArcGIS software. The highest percentage of the study area in the PROMETHEE Ⅱ and COPRAS models belongs to the moderate class of vulnerability. The evaluation of the vulnerability models using Boolean logic and RMSE and MAPE statistics, showed that the COPRAS model provided better results than the PROMETHEE model. The results of partial least square regression (PLSR) and ridge regression (RR) models in flood risk modeling were analyzed by the Taylor diagram, which showed the superiority of the ridge regression (RR) model and the accuracy of this model in preparing urban flood hazard maps. The risk map of the study area indicated that 34% of the area (973 ha) is in the range of high and very high flood risk.
F. Zarei, M.r. Nouri Emamzadehei, A.r. Ghasemi Dastgerdi, A. Shahnazari,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract
The pattern of root distribution in layered soils is one of the significant issues in the calculations of soil water and irrigation management and planning. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of root distribution of soybean in layered soils and its effect on water uptake. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments consisting of three different textures of soil (light, heavy, and medium) in four replications. The pattern of root distribution was monitored by the sampling of columns at the end of the growth period of the soybean. It was observed that the presence of the layer with medium texture has led to better plant development and growth after comparing the treatments in terms of plant growth. In general, root length density decreased with increasing soil depth, except in cases where there were different layers of soil, and root length density takes place in the following order: root length density in layers with medium texture≥ heavy texture≥ light texture. The rate of root water uptake rate was highest in the sandy layers, intermediate in clay, and lowest in loamy texture. Also, the rate of root water uptake rate increased significantly with increasing depth regardless of treatments. It can be concluded that the pattern of root distribution and plant growth is significantly affected by soil texture and its stratification.
S. Yaghobi, Ch.b. Komaki, M. Hosseinalizadeh, A. Najafinejad, H.r. Pourghasemi, M. Faramarzi,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Frequency analysis of daily rainfall or return period of rainfall and flooding events is very important considering the behavioral complexity in water resources management; because ignoring it can lead to urban destructive floods. In the present research, three distribution functions of Pearson, Beta, and Gamma were compared to investigate and select the most appropriate distribution function for the precipitation data acquired from meteorology stations and CHIRPS satellite in seven stations in the watershed of Bustan Dam. Statistical analyses showed that satellite data were ineffective to estimate daily precipitation due to high errors in RMSE, MAD, and NASH. Meteorological data were used to spot the best distribution. Google Earth Engine and Python programming language were used. Then, the selected distribution function was used to determine the maximum daily rainfall, frequency probability, and return period of 2, 10, 50, 100, and 200 years. The results of the goodness of fit test, Error Sum of Squares, Bayesian Information Criterion, Akaike Information Criteria well as Kullback-Leibler Divergence showed that in five stations of Kalaleh, Qarnaq, Golestan National Park, Golestan Dam, and Glidagh, the Pearson function is the most suitable distribution function. Also, in the other two stations (Gonbad and Tamar), the Beta function was recognized as a suitable function. However, Gamma distribution in the study area is not efficient. So, it can be concluded that heavy and irregular rainfall can be effective in choosing the best distribution function at each station. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the maximum possible rainfall and as a result of the possible occurrence of floods with principled and accurate management to prevent human and financial losses in susceptible areas, especially in the study area.
S. Ghasemi Pirbaloti, S. Soodaee Moshaee,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Since the long-term sustainability of garden ecosystems is dependent on maintaining the soil quality, knowing the condition of the soils and investigating the effects of the activities on the soil properties is very important and effective in ecosystem management. To investigate the soil quality index of almond (Prunus dulcis) orchards under different managed methods in ChaharMahal va Bakhtiari province, soil samples were collected from three points in each orchard and finally classified into 6 groups (Saman, Ben, Shahrekord, Kiar, Ardel, and Farsan). To determine the soil quality index, soil characteristics including pH, EC, total and water-soluble organic carbon, basal and substrate-derived respiration, rhizosphere microbial population, and available soil P and K were analyzed. The results showed that almond orchard management in different regions affected the soil characteristics and the processes evaluated in this study. The monitoring of soil properties showed that pH 7.05 - 8.48, EC 0.23 - 2.91 dS/m, microbial respiration 0.44 - 8.57 mg CO2.100 g-1.day-1, organic carbon 2.09 - 44.79 g/kg, available phosphorus 1.5 - 122.3 mg/kg, and available potassium were between 91.2 - 3038 mg/kg. Soil quality index components including chemical components, microbial activity, microbial population, and soil organic carbon were determined. The contribution of soil salinity to soil quality obtained using factorial analysis was the highest (31%), followed by microbial carbon mineralization coefficient (27%), rhizosphere microbial population (24%), and water-soluble organic carbon (18%). The soil quality index values for Saman, Ben, Shahrekord, Kiar, Ardal, and Farsan almond orchards were 0.46, 0.40, 0.51, 0.67, 0.54, and 0.37, respectively. These values showed that the evaluated soils are suitable for almond production in Shahrekord, Kiar, and Ardal, and for Saman, Ben, and Farsan, there is a need for serious management measures to improve soil quality and increase the sustainability of these agricultural ecosystems.
