Showing 27 results for Arzani
K. Samei, A. Arzani, S. A. M. Mirmohammadi Maibody,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
Field crop landraces are valuable genetic sources. Twenty populations of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) collected from different areas of Iran were used in this study. DNA extractions were carried out using minipreparation method with equal amount of leaves from 30 plants of each population. DNA samples from 20 clover populations were evaluated using semi-random (ISJ) markers. Ten primers out of 30 which used IT (intron-targeting) and ET (exon-targeting) primers produced repeatable bands. Cluster analysis was conducted using NTSYS software and UPGMA method based on Jaccard's similarity matrix. Primers totally produced 111 bands, of which 93 bands (%93) were polymorphic among clover genotypes. The greatest and least amplification fragments belonged to IT15-31 and ET18-4 primers, respectively. Average band number per primer was estimated 11.1 bands. Furthermore, IT primers produced more polymorphic DNA fragments with higher resolution. Based on cluster analysis and cutting dendrogram in 0.8 similarity coefficients, clover populations were divided into five groups in which Kazerun and Kermanshahi (1) individually formed a separate cluster. According to similarity matrix, the least similarity (%42) belonged to Alvijan and Kazerun and the highest similarity belonged to Chegeni and Haftchin Hamedan. Clustering based on semi-specific PCR method almost substantiated the grouping based on geographical origin. Considering the results, it is concluded that PCR-based semi-random marker technique can be used for genetic diversity study of Persian clover as well as discrimination of its cultivars.
H. Khoshghalb, K. Arzani, M. J. Malakouti, M. Barzegar,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
Changes of the main sugars and organic acids content in Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) Cultivars ‘KS’9 and ‘KS’13 grown in Tehran were studied from fruit set to maturity. The main sugars and organic acids content in fruits were determined 1 and 2 months before harvest, at the time of harvest and 1, 2 months after harvest time using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Fruits were stored at 2˚C and 80-85% relative humidity (RH). There were significant differences between cultivars and time of fruit harvest in terms of sugars and organic acids content. In both studied cultivars, fructose, glucose and sorbitol increased from the first fruit sampling to one month after harvest (1 to 9% FW) and then decreased. Sucrose content decreased from 2 months before harvest to 2 months after harvest time (3 to 0.75% FW). In both studied cultivars organic acids content increased at the time of pick-up and then decreased. The highest organic acids contents in the studied cultivars were malic and ascorbic acids (345 and 41.1mg 100g-1FW in ‘KS’9 and control, respectively). The relationship between low sugar and organic acid content in fruits showed the highest correlation (0.8 to 1) in both cultivars among low flesh firmness, low total soluble solid (TSS), low dry weight and high internal browning determined in this study. Results indicated that high content of sugars and organic acids in fruit led to delayed internal browning. Asian pears with a low ascorbic acid concentration are probably more susceptible to internal browning. High correlation was observed between high sugars content and high fruit colour.
F. Amini, G. Saeidi, A. Arzani,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship among seed yield and its components in safflower, path and factor analysis were conducted using the agronomic and morphological traits of 32 genotypes. Genotypes were evaluated on the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The correlation coefficients showed that number of seeds per capitula and number of capitula per plant had the highest positive correlation with both seed yield and seed yield per plant. The results of regression analysis showed that number of capitula per plant explained 43.6%, and along with seeds per capitula and plant height 60% of the phenotypic variations for seed yield. The regression analysis for seed yield per plant also revealed that seeds per capitula, capitula per plant and seed weight in order had more contributions to the variation of seed yield per plant and explained 81.2% of its variation. Path analysis showed that capitula per plant had the most direct positive effect on both seed yield and seed yield per plant however, this effect was decreased by the indirect and negative effect of seed weight. Results of factor analysis recognized 3 main factors which explained 81.81 % of total variation of the data. These factors were named the seed yield and its components, phenological traits and branching. In general, it can be concluded that seeds per capitula, capitula per plant and seed weight in order contributed more to the seed yield of safflower genotypes. In conclusion, these yield components can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs.
F. Bahadori, K. Arzani,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (fall 2008)
Abstract
Control of tree size is one of the main problems for which techniques to reduce vegetative growth and increase fruit quality and yield are important in the orchard management system. With this aim in mind, mature peach trees of the cultivars J. H. Hale and Red Skin grown on peach seedling at the Moghan agro industrial orchard were used. The effect of paclobutrazol soil treatments, (0,0.5 and 1.5 gr/tree) on experimental trees during the dormant periods in the 1996-97 was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a split plot on the basis of completely randomized design with six replications. The effect of paclobutrazol on some vegetative growth and relative water content of leaves was studied. Results showed that paclobutrazol significantly reduced vegetative growth in the first year of application the total dry weight of pruning in treated trees was less than that of controls. The high level of paclobutrazol caused the most growth inhibition. On a commercial scale, paclobutrazol treatment would be able to give substantial benefits to peach growers by saving in pruning costs.
H Arzani, M Mosayebi, A Nikkhah,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (fall 2009)
Abstract
Information on animal requirements for determination of rangeland grazing capacity is essential. Animal requirements depend on its live weight, age, physiological condition and quality of available forage. There are more than 20 sheep breeds with different body sizes grazing in various climatic zone's rangelands of Iran, so animal unit equivalent of each breed should be determined independently. In this research, live weight of animal unit of Fashandy sheep based on average live weight of 3 and 4 year old ewes was determined. Three herds with more than 100 Fashandy ewes among existing herds in Taleghan region were selected. In each herd, 15 three year old ewes, 15 four year old ewes, 5 three year old rams, and 5 four year old rams were selected. They were weighed three times including at the time of beginning of grazing in highlands, end of grazing season in highlands, and once in winter. In each herd, also 5 three month old lambs in the beginning of grazing season and 5 six month old lambs at the end of grazing season were weighed. The amount of daily forage requirement according to live weight and energy requirement of animal unit equivalent for maintenance condition was calculated using NRC (1985) tables and MAFF (1984) formula. It was multiplied by 1.5 because of mountainous condition of rangelands and distances from watering points and villages. The SAS statistical software was used for data analyses according to factorial experiment in the form of completely random design. According to the results, the live weight of animal unit of Fashandy breed was 60.7 Kg. The average live weight of 3 and 4 year old rams were 80.3 and 85.3 kg, respectively. Live weights of 3 and 6 month old lambs were 21.4 and 37.8 kg, respectively. Therefore, animal unit equivalents for rams, 3 and 6 month old lambs were 1.36, 0.35 and 0.62 respectively. According to NRC tables, daily metabolisable energy requirement was 13.8 Mj, and based on MAFF formula it was 11.8 Mj (including that multiplied by 1.5).
A Ephtekhari, M Farahpour, H Arzani, J Abdolahi,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Species which were grazed by livestock and wildlife in range sites and the portion taken by each animal were the subject of this study. Two sites occupied with Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Sojak and Artemisia sieberi Besser and another with Aellenia subaphyla (C.A.Mey.)Aellen and Artemisia sieberi were selected for the study. These sites were already established by Yazd Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources. Sites should be covered with similar vegetation (72% similarity), as much as possible indeed. One site, by the name of Kalmand, is a protected area and is exclusively grazed by Iranian gazelle, while the other, Jadehdehshir, by sheep and goat. Results of the study show that the selection of species is the same by these animals. Both are interested in the following species: Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis, Bromus tectorum L, Stipa barbata Desf. , Noaea mucronata (Forsk.) A schers.et Schweinf, and Launaea acanthodes (Boiss.)o.Kuntze. On the contrary, species such as Acantholimon scorpiurs (Joub. &Spach) Boiss, Astragalus albispinus L were not taken by the animal for their woody stems and thorny branches. Fresh and non woody parts of the plants were grazed by both types of animal. Similarity between grazing behavior of wildlife and livestock in Yazd province shows that wildlife feed requirement should be seriously taken into account when grazing capacity of rangelands is to be evaluated.
M.m Majidi, A Arzani,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial legume widely adapted to environmental conditions and has been successfully used as a pasture and hay forage in Iran. This experiment was carried out to investigate yield potential and genetic variation of morphological, agronomic and qualitative traits using 10 Iranian sainfoin populations. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications ON Research Farm, Isfahan University of Technology. Results indicated that there are significance differences between populations for most of the traits. The estimates of heritabilities for forage yield, number of stem per plant, number of node and qualitative traits were over 50 percent. The high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability for economic traits showed that a broad genetic diversity in this germplasem can be exploited in breeding programs. Significant differences were found among cuts and cut × population interaction for all characters. The third harvest produced 41.6 percent of total hay yield. Evaluation of traits related to forage quality revealed that the highest proportion of leaf to stem belong to Sarab and Oromieh populations (6.28 and 6.82, respectively). Crude protein percentage was significantly different among cultivars and Golpayegan population had the highest value for Crude protein percentage. Feridan, Khonsar and Golpayegan populations produced the highest dry matter yield in the first, second and third cut, respectively. These populations were found as the high potential accessions, which can be used as a source for agronomic and plant breeding research in the region.
