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Showing 6 results for Fathian

S Sadr, M Afyuni, N Fathian Por,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (winter 2010)
Abstract

Industrial, agricultural and urban activities have contaminated soil by heavy metals that can also increase concentration of the metals in food chains. This study was carried out in Isfahan province where lots of such activities are in progress. The purpose of this study was to determine spatial variability of Arsenic )As) in Isfahan soils. In this research, the soil samples )0-20 cm) were collected in a stratified random sampling system at about 4 Km intervals in a study area of 6800 Km2. The positions of samples were recorded using a GPS. After laboratory preparation, soil samples were measured for total As. Spatial structures of total As were determined by directional variograms. Spherical model was the best model to describe spatial variability of As. Mean-square error )MSE) and correlation coefficient were used to validate variograms. Distribution map for Arsenic was prepared using the obtained information from element by point kriging method and by using Surfer software. Interpolation in blocks by dimensions of 1000×1000 m was made. The mine effective factors with high concentration of As are parent material, and direction of dominant wind has affected the spread of As in north-west of the study area.
S. S. Okhravi, S. S. Eslamian, N. Fathianpour, M. Heidarpour,
Volume 19, Issue 74 (Winter 2016)
Abstract

In addition to kinematic description of biological reaction, flow pattern plays an important role in designing constructed wetlands. This study investigates the effects of flow distribution on constructed sub-surface horizontal flow wetland with a length of 26 m, width of 4 m and 1% bed slope in order to understand internal hydraulic functioning patterns. Inlet configuration is selected as a variable parameter. Three different cases of inlet and outlet configurations were 1) midpoint, 2) corner, and 3) uniform. Outlet has been fixed in all configurations. Uranine tracer was used to determine the influences of flow distribution by drawing hydraulic retention time curve in different cases. Results showed that mean residence times for each configuration were equal to 4.53, 3.24 and 4.65 days, respectively.  Retention time distribution curve provided conditions, not only for showing dispersion patterns throughout system but also for interpreting hydraulic parameters like hydraulic efficiency and effective volume. According to the retention time curve, effective volume was 87.5% in configurations 1 and 3, and 62.1% in configuration 2 following numerous short-circuiting ratios. Finally, the best configuration of inlet-outlet layout to improve the performance of effluent treatment and use the geometry effectively was found to be the uniform-midpoint based on physical experiments followed by midpoint–midpoint as the second best.


K. Mohammadi Babadi, A. Nikbakht Shahbazi, H. Fathian,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time and spatial features of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts in Karoon 1 Dam basin. Meteorological and statistical data were accordingly selected to evaluate the drought situation between 1993 and 2016. The results showed that hydrological droughts occurred in the meteorological drought and had a very high correlation with this year's meteorological drought. The most severe droughts occurred between 2006 and 2011. Studies also showed that every three years, the basin was accompanied by a meteorological drought and then a hydrological drought. The results also showed that the highest correlation was observed with the 12-month meteorological index, with a delay of 3 months, and the 6-month meteorological and hydrological index with a delay of 3 months and a three-month hydrological drought index with a delay of two months. Therefore, it could be concluded that hydrological droughts showed a delay of almost two to three months in the entire catchment area; since this period was 4 months or more, the correlation between these two indicators was eliminated and decreased. Also, due to drought zones, during the period from 1993 to 2009, most of the droughts were caused by rainfall reduction in the southwest of the province, and this was associated with a reduction in runoff in its hydrometric stations. Of course, in 2009-2012, the runoff status had been temporarily improved, and from 2012 to 2017, the drought situation had again returned spatially to the previous routine.

F. Soroush, F. Fathian,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spring 2021)
Abstract

In the present study, the spatial and temporal changes of climate variables such as pan evaporation (Ep), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), sunshine duration (SD), wind speed (W) and precipitation (P), as well as their relationship with altitude, were investigated. For this purpose, 68 meteorological stations with 30 years of data (1987-2016) throughout Iran on both seasonal and annual time scales were selected. Trend analysis of climate variables showed that over the past 30 years, most areas of Iran have become warmer and drier although all trends have not been significant. Investigation of the relationship between the trend slope of climate variables and altitude illustrated that there was no significant relationship between them during the study period on the annual time scale (p>0.1). However, in winter, the rate of increase in T (minimum, maximum and mean temperatures) and SD (p<0.1), as well as the rate of decrease in P (p<0.01), was significantly enhanced by increasing the altitude. The increase in mean and maximum T (p<0.1) and SD rates (p<0.001) in summer were significantly lower in the highlands than in the lowlands. In autumn, the trend slopes of minimum and mean T (p<0.05) were negatively correlated with altitude; in addition, the rates of increase in P and RH (p<0.05) in the highlands demonstrated a sharper increase. It seems, therefore, that most changes in climate variables have occurred in both autumn and winter. The results also showed that in winter, the highest rates of increase in Ts were related to the altitude of 1500-2000 m; however, the highest decrease in P belonged to the altitude of 2000-2500 m. In autumn, the highest rates of decrease in minimum and mean Ts had occurred in the altitude of 2000-2500 m; as well, he highest rate of increase in P was observed in the altitudes of both 0-500 m and 2000-2500 m.

F. Zarif, A. Asareh, M. Asadiloor, H. Fathian, D. Khodadadi Dehkordi,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (ُSummer 2022)
Abstract

An accurate and reliable prediction of groundwater level in a region is very important for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this study, the generalized feedforward (GFF) and radial basis function (RBF) of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been evaluated for monthly predicting groundwater levels in the Dezful-Andimeshk plain in southwestern Iran. The partial mutual information (PMI) algorithm was used to determine efficient input variables in ANNs. The results of using the PMI algorithm showed that efficient input variables for monthly predicting groundwater level for piezometers affected by water discharge and recharge include only water level in the current month. Also, efficient input variables for predicting the water level for piezometers affected only by water discharge include the water level in the current month, the water level in the previous month, the water level in the previous two months, transverse coordinates of piezometers to UTM, the water level in the previous three months, the water level in the previous four months, the water level in the previous five months and longitudinal coordinates of piezometers to UTM. In addition, efficient input variables of monthly predicting groundwater level for piezometers neither affected by water discharge nor water recharge, respectively, include the water level in the current month, the water level in the previous month, the water level in the previous two months, the water level in the previous three months, the water level in the previous four months, the water level in the previous five months, the water level in the previous six months, transverse coordinates of piezometer to UTM and longitudinal coordinates of piezometer to UTM. The results indicated that the GFF network is more accurate than the RBF network for monthly predicting groundwater level for piezometers including water discharge and recharge and piezometers including only water discharge. Also, the RBF network is more accurate for monthly predicting groundwater levels for piezometers that include neither water discharge nor recharge than the GFF network.

F. Fathian, M. Ghadami, Z. Dehghan,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winiter 2023)
Abstract

In this research, the trend of spatial changes in extreme indices of temperature related to the health and agriculture sectors such as the number of frost days, number of summer days, number of icing days, number of tropical nights, growing season length, diurnal temperature range, cold spell duration index, and warm spell duration index were investigated for 54 synoptic stations throughout Iran for observational (1976-2005) and future (2025-2054) periods. Daily maximum and minimum temperature data of three regional climate models namely, CCSM4, MPI-ESM-MR, and NORESM1-ME from the CORDEX project under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were downscaled for each station using a developed multiscale bias correction method. Then, trends and changes of extreme temperature indices were investigated using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s trend line slope methods. The results indicated that the warm indices such as the number of summer days and tropical nights indices have had a positive trend at most stations in both observational and future periods. In contrast, cold indices like the number of frost days have had a decreasing trend in most stations. The results of cold and warm spell duration indices showed that most stations have had no trend for both periods. The growing season length has increased in more than 60% of stations (45% having a significant trend) mainly located in the northern, northwestern, and western regions of the country. Based on the results, it can be concluded that without considering thoughtful climate adaptation measures, some parts of the country may face health risks and limited habitability and agriculture in the future.


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