Showing 3 results for Association
R. Amoo-Aghaie, A. Mostajeran, G. Emtiazi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
Azospirillum brasilense is one of the N2-fixing microorganisms which, in symbiosis with the roots of cereals and other graminae, enhances growth and development of plants. In this research, wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) of three cultivars (Ghods, Roshan and Omid) were inoculated with Azospirillum strains (Sp7 and Dol). Inoculation increased growth parameters and yield of wheat cultivars, the effect being directly dependent on the strain-cultivar combination. Strain Sp7 induced the greatest grain yield, 1000-seed weight, number of grains per spike, root and shoot dry weight in Cv. Roshan, whereas strain Dol stimulated the best effect on these growth parameters in Cv. Ghods. The response of Cv. Omid was lower as compared to the other cultivars. Thus, it may be concluded that compatible strains are necessary for increasing yield and enhancing growth and development of wheat cultivars. These experiments also illustrated similar results regarding the effect of strains on N content of seeds. The observation of nitrogenase activity of Azospirillum strains in the In vitro experiments and the significant increases in N content in some inoculated cultivars support the hypothesis that biological nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum could be responsible for the observed beneficial effects on growth parameters. The comparison of nitrogenase activity of two strains showed that acetylene reduction rate for strain Dol was 1.5 times more than that for strain Sp7. Also strain Dol had more pronounced effects on growth parameters, yield and N content of grains than did strain Sp7. Strain Dol is a local strain whereas strain Sp7 is a Brazilian isolate thus, it may be concluded that the local isolates should be preferred to the foreign bacteria, as they are better suited to traditional cultivars, environment and soil conditions of the region.
M. Sabohi, Gh. Soltani, M. Zibaie,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the strategies for groundwater resources management, including competition groundwater pumping, optimal control in groundwater pumping, groundwater use and tax policy, water users' participation in groundwater pumping control, and cooperation among government and water user associations in Narimany plain located in Khorasan Province. Irrigation water demand of sugar beet growers was estimated for empirical assessment of the strategies. The results indicated that among the strategies, groundwater use and tax policy may lead growers to sustainable use of groundwater resources. Furthermore, the results showed a desirable strategy is affected by cultural, social, and economic characteristics of growers and general prevalent conditions of society. Moreover, each strategy calls for its obligations, for instance, it is necessary to have an efficient taxation system for the proposed strategy. Hence, by internalizing the external cost of groundwater overdraft (that is taxing water users) government can force them to consider the adverse effects of their decisions on other producers.
A.a. Shahroudi , M. Chizari,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the factors affecting farmers’ attitudinal dimensions toward participation in Water Users’ Association (WUA) by comparing two groups of farmers in irrigation networks with WUA and without it. The methodological approach was a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative study of the survey type. The target population in the study consisted of 2551 farmers of irrigation networks in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, Iran. Using stratified random sampling technique, 335 participants were chosen. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS, V.13. Content and face validity of the instrument were obtained by the faculty members of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agronomy and Irrigation Departments at Tarbiat Modarres University and also specialists board of Agricultural Jihad Organization and Regional Water Joint-stock Company in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The reliability analysis was conducted and cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated between 0.73 and 0.86. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the majority of farmers’ overall attitude with respect to participation in WUA was at a good level. The results obtained from Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there are significant and positive relationships between such variables as education level, size of irrigated cultivated landholding, annual income, extension contacts, social capital components, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status and farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management with the farmers’ overall attitude toward participation in WUA. The result of stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that 61.1% (R2 = 0.611) of the variance in farmers’ attitudes with respect to participation in WUA could be explained by farmers’ behaviour regarding optimum farm water management, social participation, social confidence, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status, farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management. Also, significant differences were found between the two respondent groups in irrigation networks with WUA and without it in relation to farmers’ attitudinal dimensions.
