Showing 29 results for Barley
Javad Pour-Reza, Javad Mirmohammadsadeghi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (7-1998)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design, 600 commercial day old broiler chickens were used to study the possibility of replacing corn with barley. Each of 10 experimental diets in which corn was replaced with barley at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 percent, with and without tallow, were given to 4 replicates of 15 chickens each. At 42, 49 and 56th days of age, one male and one female from each pen were killed. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by different levels of barley at 42th day of age. Increasing the level of barley had not effect on body weight gain at 56th day of age. Feed conversion ratio improved slightly due to addition of 4% tallow to the diets containing different levels of barley. Abdominal fat was increased due to added tallow in males and females. Increasing slaughter age increased abdominal fat in both sexes. Difference in abdominal fat in females was more than males.
Ali Reza Azarbaijani, Mohammad Shivazad, Ali Akbar Yousef Hakimi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (10-1998)
Abstract
Feeding high levels of barley to laying hens is accompanied with dirty eggs, decreasing the feed intake and egg size. To improve the diet with barley for layers, different chemicals including a commercial enzyme effective on barley (Fin Feed), cupric sulfate pentahydrate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate and oxytetracycline antibiotic were supplemented to experimental barley based diets. It was found that the commercial enzyme had a significant effect on layer performance. Other treatments didn't have any considerable effects on their performances. Enzyme supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed intake, production rate and daily egg mass production of laying hens. No significant difference were observed in laying performance of mature birds fed with barley-based diet or soybean corn diet.
Ali Pishnamazi, Javad Pourreza,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (7-1999)
Abstract
Barley consumption is limited in broiler chicken diet due to their β. glucanas polysaccharide content. The application of synthetic enzymes in poultry diet can increase the barley content. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of enzyme supplement-β-glucanas on the performance of broiler chickens, percentage of abdominal fat, intestine weight and economic evaluation of production of one kilogram of meat in diets including different levels of barley and corn. Five hundred forty-one-day-old commercial broiler chickens (Arian) were divided into 45 groups, 12 chickens per group Each one of the 15 experimental diets, in which barley was substituted for corn at levels 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% with 2 levels of enzymes (0.025 and 0.05%) was fed to 3 groups of chickens for 49 days. All diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Plant oil was used to make diets isoenergetic. The results showed that the rate of weight increase of broiler chickens decreased as each level of free enzyme barley was replaced at 0.83, 6.08, 12.9, 16.1 %, respectively. The weight gain of the chickens fed with diets including a large amount of barley and 0.05% enzyme didn’t have any significant difference (P < 0.01) with the control group. The chickens fed with diet including barley and 0.025% enzyme didn’t have any significant difference either (except at 75% and 100% barley replacements). Enzyme supplementary at 0.025% and 0.05% levels (especially at 0.05%) caused significant improvement (P < 0.01) in food consumption and feed conversion ratio of chickens fed with diets including barley. Analysing the carcass of these chickens showed that the enzyme used at both levels, especially at 0.05 %, caused a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in abdominal fat (3.62% vs. 4%). It was also seen that the weight of chickens fed with enzyme decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in comparison with chickens fed with free enzyme barley diets (9.57% vs. 14.81 %). The economic calculation results of producing meat in this experiment pointed out that using barley and corn caused reduction in production expenses. The general results of this study showed that barley with enzyme is a suitable replacement for enzyme and further that 0.05% level of enzyme is better than 0.025% level due to its performance and better economic results.
G. Fathi, M. Mojedam, S. A. Siadat, G. Noor Mohammadi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2002)
Abstract
Effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and cutting time of forage on grain and forage yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Karoon cultivar was studied during 1995-1996 at Ramin Agricultural Research and Educational Center, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahwas, by using a split plot design in randomized complete block with 4 replications. Main plots were assigned to five levels of N fertilizer (45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg N/ha) as urea fertilizer and subplots to three cutting times (no cutting, cutting forage at early stem elongation without removing reproductive meristem and cutting forage in the middle of stem elongation with cut reproductive meristem).
The effects of N rates and cutting time on grain yield were significant. Maximum yield was obtained with 281.6 g/m2 when crop plants received 90 kg N/ha and cutting time at early stem elongation and minimum yield was obtained (158.2 g/m2) with 45 kg N/ha and cutting forage in the middle of stem elongation. Interactive effect of levels of N and cutting time on spike number per m2, grain number in spike and grain weight were significant. Among yield components, spike number and grain weight showed the highest sensitivity to both. Different levels of N increased forage protein concentration and protein yield significantly, but delay in cutting time decreased protein concentration and increased protein yield. Results indicated that high levels of N could not compensate for the delay in cutting time of forage for grain yield. It was concluded that application of 90 kg N/ha and cutting time in early stem elongation was preferable for grain and forage production as compared to other treatments.
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (7-2002)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and urea on chemical composition, nutritive value and rumen fermentation characteristics of whole-crop barley. In a completely randomized design with cross over arrangement, 4 Suffolk male lambs were used. Whole-crop barley was either treated with LAB solution (35% dry matter) at the rate of 2 L/ton herbage fresh weight or urea (55% dry matter) at the rate of 40 Kg/ton dry matter herbage and ensiled for 60 days. Low dry matter silages had lower pH and higher residual water soluble carbohydrates, ammonia-N, lactic acid and ethanol and higher lactate:acetate ratios. LAB resulted in higher lactic acid content and lactate:acetate ratios. DM (P<0.001), OM (P<0.01), NDF (P<0.05), ADF (P<0.01) and total nitrogen (TN) digestibility increased with additives. Mean rumen ammonia-N concentration and pH significantly (P<0.05) increased with urea-treated silages. Rumen propionate concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher with LAB-treated silages than with urea-treated ones. The results indicated that the addition of LAB at the rate of 2 L/ton fresh weight to whole-crop barley at 35% dry matter enhanced fermentation and nutritive value.
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard, M. J. Zamiri,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
The effect of adding two urea levels (0.5 and 0.75% on fresh basis) to whole-crop barley (WCB) on chemical compositon and digestibility in Ghezel rams was studied. The effect of including these silages in the ration of fattening Ghezel and Mehraban rams was also investigated.
Urea supplementation of WCB silage resulted in an increase in pH, total nitrogen level, and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber of WCB silage were not affected by urea treatment (P>0.05), but apparent digestibility coefficient of total nitrogen was higher for 0.5% urea-WCB silage. Apparent digestibility coefficients of total nitrogen and nitrogen balance were higher for 0.5% urea-WCB silage than for 0.75% urea-WCB silage, but the differences were not significant. Ruminal fluid pH at 2.5 h, and ammonia-nitrogen concentration at 4 h post-feeding were higher for 0.75% urea-WCB silage than for 0.5% urea-WCB silage (P<0.05). BUN levels (<20 mg per dl) in sheep fed with a mixture of alfalfa hay and silages were not affected by the treatment. The potential and effective degradabilities of dry matter and crude protein were higher for 0.75% urea-WCB silage. Feed performance and carcass characteristics were not significantly different amongst diets. The results showed that urea supplementation at 0.75% fresh basis, at the time of ensiling, may have a beneficial effect on feeding value of WCB silage.
A. Nikkhah, M. Alikhani, H. Amanlou, A. Samie,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
A ruminal in situ experiment using three fistulated ewes was conducted to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation of steam–flaked broomcorn (SFBr), ground broomcorn (GBr) and ground barley (GB). Grain samples were suspended in the rumen of sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Nylon bags were washed with tap water after removal. Effective degradability of DM at outflow rates of k = 0.05 and k = 0.08 h-1 was significantly higher for SFBr than for GBr (59 and 53% vs. 43 and 35%). SFBr has considerably higher soluble DM than GBr and GB. Insoluble DM of SFBr was lower than that of GBr and GB. Solubility of CP in broomcorn grain was significantly decreased by steam–flaking, but degradation rate of insoluble CP was not altered. Results from this study showed that SFBr supplies the major source of availabe nutrients for rumen microorganisms compared with GBr. In other words, using the most efficient processing method for ruminants will be necessary.
M. Alikhani, O. Fallahpour, G. Ghorbani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of using macaroni wastes instead of barley on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition, and nutrient digestibility, eight lactating Holstein cows (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) in midlactation were used in a 44 Latin square design. The experimental periods were 21 d with 16 d for adjustment and 5 d for data collection. Treatments included a control diet (1) and diets 2, 3, and 4 containing 15, 30, and 45% macaroni wastes, respectively, which were fed three times a day as total mixed rations. During the last 5 days of each period, feed and fecal samples were taken for determination of DMI and apparent digestibilities and milk samples for fat, protein, lactose, and solids no fat (SNF). During the last day of collection period, urine samples were collected 3 and 5 h postfeeding for pH determination.
The results showed no significant differences among experimental traits in either primiparous or multiparous, and across all cows. Milk yield and efficiency of feed conversion were nonsignificantly higher for diets 2, 3, and 4 compared with control cows. Compared to the control diet, DMI, fat, protein and SNF percentages did not significantly decrease in diets 3 and 4. From the results of this expriment, it may be concluded that replacing barley with macaroni wastes up to 45 percent could increase energy intake without any adverse effects on milk production and composition or on metabolic function in midlactating dairy cows.
B. E. Sayed-Tabatabaei,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Formation of the two- and six-rowed types in barley is predominantly controlled by alleles at a single locus (vrs1) which is located in long arm of chromosome 2H. This gene is a key character on the study of barley domestication and yield. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) of barley were produced from crosses between Kanto Nakate Gold (tow-rowed) and Azumamugi (six-rowed). The selected lines were used for screening of AFLP polymorphic bands which are linked to vrs1 locus. After screening of a total of 1792 primer combination, five polymorphic bands were identified. A construction of high resolution map around the vrs1 locus was made using recombinant inbred lines. These markers can be used for a map-based cloning of the genes at the vrs1 locus.
M. Shahmohamadi, H. Dehghani, A. Yousefi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
To determine yield stability and to evaluate genotype interaction with environment interaction, 18 genotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a control group were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 3 successive years (1997-2000) at 10 research stations. Simple and combined analysis of variance revealed significant genetic differences between yield genotypes for grain yield. The results of combined analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and genotype were significant through interaction with environment. Therefore, different stability parameters including, environmental variance (S2i), environmental coefficient of variation (C.Vi), mean of variance of interaction (θi), interaction variance (θi), equivalence ( W2i), stability variance (σ2i), linear regression coefficient (bi, βi), mean of squares of deviation from regression (S2 di) and years within location MS for a genotype, averaging over all locations (MSy/l) were determined. Based on all the stability parameters, genotype 18 was known as the most stable one and genotypes 17 and 11 ranked lower. Genotype 5 with the highest yield was known to be the most adaptable one at fertile environments and is recommended for these locations. In addition, genotype 9 with good yield and low yield variance (1.58) and regression coefficient of less than 1 is suggested for unfertile locations.
M. A. Nazari, H. Shariatmadari, M. Afyuni, M. Mobli, Sh. Rahili,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2006)
Abstract
Sewage sludge and effluents, as cheap sources of irrigation water and fertilizer, can supply plants with water and nutrients however, contamination of these sources with heavy metals and the possibility of human food chain contamination using these sources should be considered. In this research, the effects of industrial sewage sludge and effluents on concentration of some nurtients, heavy metals and sodium and dry matter yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and corn (Zea mays) were investigated. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a complete randomized design with four replication. The treatments comprised well water, well water + sewage sludge(50 tons/ha), and three industrial effluents from Iran Polyacryl factory including the cooling tower, the over flow and the factory outlet effluents. Chemical analysis showed the following results: The concentration of the elements in the sludge and the effluents were below the critical contaminating levels. The application of the treatments did not supply enough nitrogen for corn the cooling tower effluent could not supply enough nitrogen for wheat and barley all the treatments supplied enough P for wheat. None of the treatments could supply enough P for corn. The cooling tower, over flow and the factory outlet effluents could not supply enough P for barley, the micronutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the plant tissues using the effluents and the sewage sludge were higher than those for well water the dry matter yield of plants’roots and shoots was highest using well water + sludge and in comparison with the well water, effluents could increase the shoot dry matter yield.
A. Jalalian, J. Givi, M. Bazgir, Sh. Ayoubi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2007)
Abstract
In Iran, the development of cultivated areas becomes gradually impossible due to ever-increasing population growth and urban area development. Therefore, it is very important to use the existing cultivated lands more efficiently. Land suitability evaluation makes the sustainable use of the lands feasible. The objective of this study was qualitative, quantitative and economic assessment of land suitability in Talandahst area for rainfed wheat, barley and chickpea. Talandasht plain with a surface area of 4500 ha is located southwest of Kermanshah city. The climate is semi-arid with cold winter and moderate summer. The successive stages of this research included soil survey in the field, soil analysis, qualitative and quantitative and economic evaluations of land suitability. In qualitative evaluation of land, climatic, topographic and soil suitability classes were determined according to the degree of the matching. Limitation and parametric methods were used in qualitative evaluation. Quantitative and economic evaluations made based on the observed yield and gross benefit, respectively. Based on qualitative evaluation, the studied area is marginally suitable for rainfed farming of wheat, barley and chickpea. This is due to water deficiency occurring during some stages of the growing cycle. The solution for this problem is supplementary irrigation. In addition to climate limitation, there are also topographic and soil restriction for the growth of the studied crops. On the basis of observed yield, the land units are moderately to highly suitable for rainfed wheat and barley production. Among the three named crops, the most and least profitable ones are chickpea and barley, respectively, and wheat ranks between them.
M. R. Tadayon, Y. Emam,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
In order to study the physiological responses of two barley cultivars to salinity stress, a 4-replicate CRD greenhouse experiment was conducted during at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran2003-2004. The treatments consisted of two barley cultivars: Afzal and Reyhan and five salinity levels: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 14 dS/m. Seedling emergence, number of tillers and leaves per plant, leaf area and dry matter decreased with increasing salinity levels. The reductions were lower in Afzal (salt tolerant) than Reyhan (salt sensitive). A lower Na+ and higher K+Na+ in Afzal compared to Reyhan were observed under high level of salinity. The results of the present experiment also showed that the tolerance to salinity was associated with a greater stomatal conductivity, as well as transpiration and photosynthesis rate. Sub-stomatal CO2 concentration in both cultivars decreased with an increase in salinity, with the exception of 12dS/m, where it led to an increase in sub-stomatal CO2 concentration. Leaf temperature increased with an increase in salinity level in both cultivars, whereas a more pronounced decrease for number of fertile tillers, ears per plant, kernels per ear, thousand grain weight and harvest index was observed in Reyhan compared to Afzal .Since a higher tolerance to salinity in Afzal was apparently associated with a lower concentration of Na+ and a higher K+/Na+ ratio of the shoots, this trait could probably be used for yield improvement of barley cultivars under saline conditions.
A. Siah-Marguee, M.h. Rashed-Mohasel, M. Nasiri-Mahallati, M. Banayan-Aval, A. A. Mohammad-Abadi,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
This study was performed in two barley fields, in Experimental Station, Agricultural College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2003. Sampling was done by systematic method in which samples were taken from the corners of 7m*7m grids using 0.5m 0.5m size quadrates in three stages (pre herbicide, post herbicide and pre harvesting stages). The results indicted that the density of annual weed seedlings in sugar beet- barley rotation was more than fallow- barley rotation, and the density of perennial weed seedlings in fallow-barley rotation was more than sugar beet- barley rotation. Map of species distribution and density confirmed patchiness distribution of the weeds. The shape and size of patches differed based on the field and weed species, but spatial distribution did not change considerably before and after the application of herbicide. Percentage of free weeds area was 11.5% and 1.5% in fallow-barley rotation and 0.6% and 0% in sugar beet- barley rotation in the first and second sampling stages, respectively. These results indicate beside emphasis on weed infestation. The result also indicates inefficacy of sugarbeet-barley rotation compared to follow-barley rotation. Apparently, the evaluation of management and paying special attention to weed dispersal within the field assist in the implementation of appropriate management strategy, which includes high efficacy, and profit for farmers as well as least damage to crops.
A.a. Gheisari, A.h. Pourabadeh, J. Pourreza, M. Mahlougi, R. Bahadoran,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine chemical composition and evaluated apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and true metabolisable energy (TME) values of five Iranian barley cultivars. Basal diet contained corn soybean and in each of the test diets barley was substituted for 30% of corn and soybean fractions. The study was carried out in 3 experiments. In experiment 1, metabolisable energy (ME) values were measured by both total collection and markers (chromic oxide) in excreta of 35-d-old chicks. In experiment 2, ME values of the barley cultivars were determined by ileal digesta procedure. In experiment 3, 36 48-d-old broiler chicks (used in experiment 1 and 2) were used to determine TME and the nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) of the barley cultivars. Highly significant differences (P<0.05) between bioassay methods were observed on average barley ME values. The average barley AMEn value measured by ileal digesta method was significantly (P<0.05) higher than excreta (total collection and markers in excreta) (2716 Vs. 2318 and 2124 kcal/kg, respectively). Barley ME values were influenced by cultivar (P<0.05) and the hullless cultivar showed greater AME value than the hulled cultivars (2695 vs. 2407.5 kcal/kg AME 2630 vs. 2324.7 kcal/kg AMEn). Cultivar had no significant effect on barley TME value. It was concluded that there is high variation between energy contents of Iranian barley cultivars. In addition, ileal digesta was found not to be an accurate bioassay for determination of barley AME value in broiler chicks.
S.n. Emrani, A.m. Rezai, A. Arzani,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
The most desirable approach to improve characteristics such as yield with polygenic inheritance and genotype × environment interaction, is simultaneous selection using selection index based on related traits. This study was conducted Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology, to compare selection indices for barley yield improvement under nitrogen stress and non stress conditions, using 49 F13 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Azumamugi and Kanto Nakate Gold. A split plot design with randomized complete block layout in three replications was used. In non-stress condition 100 kg nitrogen per hectare as urea was used at early reproductive growth, stem elongation and grain filling stages. In stress condition, 50 kg nitrogen per hectare was only used at early vegetative growth stage. Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker indices based on 4 traits (days to heading, harvest index, growth rate and nitrogen harvest index) and also direct and correlated response of these traits were calculated. The result of response to selection and correlated response indicated that the selection based on higher harvest index and nitrogen harvest index under both conditions screens high yielding lines. Harvest index had high weight in both indices under stress and non stress conditions. Under both conditions and for Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker indices, growth rate had negative correlation coefficients. Therefore, the selection based on these indices, separates lines with lower growth rate. In this study, Smith-Hazel index had higher efficiency.
A. Baghizadeh , A. Talei, M.r. Naghavi, M. Haji Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
In order to estimate the number and inheritance of controlling genes for grain yield and some of the related traits in barley, Afzal and Radical varieties along with their F1, F2 and F3 generations were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Head weight, head length, number of heads, number of spikelets, awn length, hundred grain weight, grains per head, straw yield per head , harvest index and grain yield in different generations were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that mean squares of generations were statistically significant for all the traits. Then, generation mean analysis was performed for all the traits. Based on the results, additive and dominance effects played roles in controlling awn length. For the other traits besides the aforesaid effects, epistasis effect was also significant. Also, results indicated that dominance variance had the most important role in controlling the inheritance for traits. The average broad sense heritability for all the traits was estimated between %69 - %89. The number of genes for all traits was estimated to be between one and six.
E. Rahmani, A. Khalili, A. Liaghat,
Volume 12, Issue 44 (7-2008)
Abstract
The growing season climatic parameters, especially rainfall, play the main role to predict the yield production. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to find out some possible relations among meteorology parameters and drought indexes with the yield using classical statistical methods. To achieve the objective, ten meteorological parameters and twelve drought indexes were evaluated in terms of normality and their mutual influences. Then the correlation analysis between the barley yield and the climatic parameters and drought indexes was performed. The results of this study showed that among the drought indexes, Nguyen Index, Transeau Index, Rainfall Anomaly Index and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI24) are more effective for prediction of barely yield. It was also found that the multivariate regression is better than the univariate regression models. Finally, all the obtained regression models were ranked based on statistical indexes(R,RMSE and MBE). This study showed that the multivariate regression model including wind speed, sunshine, temperature summation more than 10, precipitation and Nguyen index is the best model for prediction yield production in Miane. Average wind speed and Nguyen index were recognized to be the most effective parameters for yield production in the model.
M. Mohammadi, M. Baum,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
Improving the drought tolerance of barley varieties through the integrated efforts of plant biotechnology and conventional breeding is an important objective in barley breeding. One hundred and fifty eight doubled haploid lines of barley were mapped with 50 SSR and 93 AFLP markers. Agronomic traits such as early growth vigor, plant height, peduncle length, extrude of spike from flag leaf, spike length and kernel per spike were evaluated at ICARDA research stations, Tel Hadya and Breda, during 1382-1383. Genetic correlation between grain yield and considered traits suggested that important traits for high yield in both stations were rapid early growth, short plant height, more extrude of spike from flag leaf, and more kernel per spike. But peduncle length exhibited a different roles in both environments. For plant height, eight Atlas on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were identified in Tel Hadya and Breda. Two of these QTLs were shown co-located with peduncle length QTLs. The QTLs which is linked with Bmag13 marker on chromosome 2, explained 42 percent of phenotypic variation for kernel per spike in Tel Hadya. Identification of these QTLs for agronomic traits is the first step to analyse and dissect more complex characters for barley adaptation to drought stress conditions.
M. Iravani, M. Solouki, A.m. Rezai, B.a. Siasar, S.a. Kohkan,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
In order to investigate the diversity and relationship between agronomical traits with seed yield components in barley, twenty advanced barley lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at Research Center of Agriculture in Sistan in 2006. Each plot consisted of six rows spaced 20 cm apart and 5 meters long. In this research, 24 Agronomic traits were measured on five randomly selected plants in the central rows of each plot. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among the lines for most of the traits. Line No.7 had the highest (406 grs/m2) and line No.5 had the lowest (309 grs/m2) seed yield. There were high correlation between seed yield and number of panicle/m2. Factor analysis results indicated that 7 independent factors explained 82 percent of the total variation. The first two factors, namely yield components and tillering capacity, explained 41 percent of the total variation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the traits are related to seed yield and tillering capacity, i.e., number of seed per main panicle. 1000 seed weight, number of seed per plant, number of days to physiological maturity and days to heading are the most important characteristics in selecting lines with high seed yield. Number of fertile tiller, total number of tillers and peduncle length were also next set of important traits. Number of days to emergence, nodule number and number of panicle per m2 were also important as selection criteria. Seed weight per plant, biological yield, awn length and the traits that were related to flag leaf had lower importance for selection of lines with high seed yield.
