Showing 12 results for Broiler Chicks
Javad Pour-Reza,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-1997)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine the relationship of plasma triglycerides and carcass dry matter with abdominal fat. One of the problems of broiler is carcass fatness, especially abdominal fat due to rapid growth of broilers which is not the consumer preference. Six hundred one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (Lohman) were divided into 40 groups, 15 chicks per group. Each one of the 10 experimental diets, in which barley was substituted for corn at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40%, was fed to 4 groups of chicks for 56 days. All diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Rice hulls was used to make diets isoenergetic. At days 42, 49 and 56, one male and one female were selected from each pen and after blood sampling, the birds were killed, eviscerated and percentages of carcass and amount of abdominal fats were measured. Blood samples were used to determine plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids. The results showed that increasing abdominal fat reduced carcass moisture content. Correlation between abdominal fat and plasma triglycerides was positive and significant (p<0.05). Correlation between abdominal fat and carcass moisture was negative and significant (P<0.01). The regression equations indicated that abdominal fat can be estimated from plasma triglycerides and carcass moisture content. The equations also indicated that using several parameters for estimating abdominal fat is better than single parameter estimation.
Y. Ebrahim Nejad, J. Pourreza,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of ionophore drugs (Salinomycin, Lasalocid and their combination) on the performance of broiler chicks. Also their relationship with methionine (three levels) was evaluated. 1215 one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (Arian) were divided into 81 groups, 15 chicks per group, and tested in a completely randomized design with a 3×3×3 factorial experiment and three levels (0/0, recommended and 1.5 times recommended) of drugs and three levels (0.0, 1% and 0.2%) of supplemental methionine.
The results indicated that these drugs reduced body weight gain significantly (p<0.05) at 21 and 56 days of the experiment. Decreasing feed consumption and increasing feed conversion was significant (p<0.05) due to Lasalocid supplementation. Increasing drug level significantly (p<0.05) reduced body weight gain and feed intake and feed conversion was increased at 21 to 42 and 0 to 56 days of the experiment. The effect of supplemental methionine on body weight of 42 days (P<0.05) and feed conversion at 21 to 42 and 0 to 56 days (p<0.01) were significant. The interactions between drug type and drug level on body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were significant (p<0.05). Lasalocid significantly (p<0.05) increased water intake. Drugs did not affect litter moisture and mortality. The results showed that Salinomycin was better than Lasalocid. Also supplemental methionine was not effective in compensating for the growth depression caused by ionophore drugs.
H. Zahiraddini, S.r. Mirai Ashtiani, M. Shivazad, A. Nikkhah,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2001)
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy levels on the performance of Arian broiler chicks. Trial 1 was performed in summer and trial 2 in fall. Both experiments were accomplished in 5×2 factorial designs, involving 5 levels of dietary metabolizable energy and two sexes. Each of the 10 resulting treatments was replicated 4 and 3 times in trials 1 and 2, respectively. The metabolizable energy contents in diets number 1 to 5 were 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal/kg for starter (0-4 weeks) period and 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 Kcal/kg for grower (4-7 weeks) period, respectively. The ratios of energy to each nutrient were the same for all diets in each stage of the experiments.
In both experiments, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (P<0.01) when diets with higher levels of energy were consumed. Feed intake was affected (P<0.01) by the dietary energy content only in summer (trial 1) resulting from the reduced intake of chicks fed with the lowest energy level. Abdominal fat percentage was decreased (P<0.01) in chicks fed with the lowest energy diet in summer. In both experiments, the cost of the feed per unit of live body weight was reduced (P<0.01) in accordance with the reduction in diet density. As expected, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, abdominal fat and cost of the feed per unit of live body weight for male chicks were significantly better than the same values for females (P<0.01).
M. Zohravi, H. Nassiri Moghadam, F. Eftekhari Shahroodi, M. Danesh Mesgaran,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2001)
Abstract
An experiment was carried out on 384 7d old commercial broiler chicks (Lohman) to study the effect of changes in source and level of dietary calcium and limestone particle size on the performance and tibial growth and calcification of broiler chicks. From day 1 to day 7, the chicks were fed with the commercial basal diet. On day 7, the chicks were weighted and randomly assigned to 64 groups, six chicks of similar body weight (82.2±5.4) per group. Each of the eight experimental diets was fed to eight groups of chicks for an experimental period of 49 days. Two calcium sources (oyster shell and limestone), two calcium levels (100% NRC and 85% NRC) and three particle sizes of limestone [ground (less than 0.15 mm), medium (0.6 to 1.18 mm) and coarse (1.18 to 4.75 mm)] were added to diets with the same energy based on a Randomized Complete Design, in which levels of calcium were nested into calcium sources. Particle sizes were nested into calcium sources and levels.
Limestone significantly increased phosphorus retention (in percentage of phosphorus ingestion) at the age of 21 and 56 days and increased tibial length, dry weight and ash weight at 56 days. Calcium level of 85% NRC significantly decreased feed intake and feed conversion, especially during the starter, and increased calcium retention (in percentage of calcium ingestion) at 21 and 42 days. Phosphorus retention and cortical thickness of tibia at 21 and 42 days, tibial dry weight, ash weight and ash percentage at 42 day, were significantly increased with calcium level of 100% NRC. Coarse and medium particle sizes of limestone as compared to ground particle size, significantly improved feed intake and feed conversion, especially during the starter. Medium particle size of limestone with calcium level of 85% NRC and coarse particle size of limestone with calcium level of 100% NRC, significantly improved tibia ossification characteristics and increased calcium and phosphorus retention. By using calcium level of 85% NRC, coarse and medium particle sizes of limestone compared to ground particle size, significantly diminished percentage of leg abnormalities.
Y. Ebrahim Nejad, J. Pourreza,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2002)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of ionophore drugs (Salinomycin, Lasalocid and their combinations) on the performance of broiler chicks. Also their relationships with methionine (three levels) were evaluated. 1215 one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (Arian) were divided into 81 groups, 15 chicks per group, and tested in a completely randomized design with a 3×3×3 factorial experiment. Three drug types with three levels (0.0, the recommended level and 1.5 times the recommended level) of drugs and three levels (0.0, 0.1% and 0.2%) of supplemental methionine were used.
The results indicated that the effect of sex on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, percentage of bone ash and percentage of abdominal fat was significant (P<0.0l). Drug type had no effect on the characteristics under study. Drug level influenced percentage of bone ash, percentage of eviscerated carcass, and percentage of abdominal fat significantly (P<0.0l), (P<0.01) and (P<0.00l), respectively. Also methionine level influenced cholesterol and triglyceride (P<0.0l) significantly. Interaction effect of drug type and drug level on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride was significant (P<0.05). Interaction effect of drug and methionine level on cholesterol and triglyceride was significant (P<0.0l). The results showed that levels of this drug influenced carcass composition and also supplemental methionine had no influence on the modulating effect of these drugs on carcass composition.
M. Toghiani, A. Samie, A. Gheisari,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of intensity of restricted early feed and increased nutrient density after restriction period on performance and compensatory growth in broilers. Two hundred and eighty-eight broiler (Lohman) chicks in a completely randomized design in a 2*3 factorial arrangement of treatments were employed. Birds were fully fed from 7 to 13d or 100% of adlibitum intake on a daily basis. The diets were diluted at 25% and 50% levels with rice hulls. After the restriction period, birds were fed with a diet, formulated to meet all their nutrient needs, according to the NRC (1994) or 10% of protein, methionine and lysine above NRC in the realimentation diet from 13 to 21d. Body weight, feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion were determined weekly and selected carcass characteristics (liver, intestine and abdominal fat pad) were measured at 49 days of age. Feed restriction significantly (P<0.01) decreased body weight gain and feed conversion during the restriction period. Birds were able to fully recover body weight depression up to 49d. The intensity of restriction had no effect on body weight, feed intake, daily gain and feed efficiency at 49d (p>0.05). Increased nutrient density had no effect on growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency for fully-fed birds and restricted birds at 49d. The results from this experiment showed that broiler chicks may be expected to gain weight similar to chicks with fully feeding even after restricted early feed if fed with NRC diets. The effect may be due to compensatory growth.
A. Gheisari, R. Bahadoran, S. S. Tadayonfar,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
In order to study the nutritive value of grades 1 and 2 wheat feed screening and macaroni wastes as energy resources, 360 21-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 36 groups of 10. In this experiment, each experimental levels of feedstuff was used at 0 (control group), 15, 30 and 45%. In addition, their apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) was determined by Sibbald’s method. Daily feed intake of chicks fed by diets containing macaroni wastes and grade 1 wheat feed screening for 21 to 56 days of age was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In contrast, body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion had no significant differences during this period. However, in the total experimental period, the best feed conversion belonged to chicks fed with various levels of macaroni wastes and grade 1 wheat feed screening. Apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of macaroni wastes and wheat feed screening were 3700, 3270, and 2870 kcal/kg, respectively. According to the results of this experiment, it is possible to use macaroni wastes and grade 1 wheat feed screening at 45% and 30% levels in the diet of broiler chicks, respectively, without any undesirable effects on their performance.
S.m.a. Jalali Hajiabadi, S.a.h. Abolghasemi, A.r. Jafari Sayadi, M. Rostaei Alimehr, M. Haghighian Roudsari,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Two hundred Arian broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of contents of dietary glucosinolates on performance of broiler chicks during starter (0-21 days of age) and grower periods (22-42 days of age) in a completely randomized design. The dietary glucosinolates contents in the starter period were 0 (S1), 7.5 (S2), 15 (S3), 22.5 (S4), 30 (S5) µmol/g and in the grower period they were 0 (G1), 5.7 (G2), 11.4 (G3), 17.1 (G4), 22.8 (G5) µmol/g. Feed intake during the grower period was affected (P<0.05) by different levels of glucosinolates in the diets and the lowest feed intake was observed in the G5 treatment. The lowest body weight gains were observed in the S5 and G5 treatments during the starter and grower periods, respectively (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the S5 treatment for the starter and the G5 treatment for the grower period were significantly different (P<0.05) from other treatments. The correlation between the body weight gain and level of dietary glucosinolates or glucosinolate consumption was high during the starter (r = -95.3% and -94.7%, respectively) and relatively high (r = -69.5% and -72.4%, respectively) during the grower period. This experiment showed that the amount of glucosinolates in the diets of broiler chicks for the periods of starter and grower feeding system should not be more than 11.36 and 8.11µmol/g diet, respectively. Also during the starter and grower feeding periods, the highest level of rapeseed meal could be used in the broiler diets are 13 and 8 percent, respectively.
S.a.h. Abolghasemi, A.r. Jafari-Sayadi, S.m.a. Jalali-Hajiabadi, Z. Ansari-Pirsaraei,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2007)
Abstract
To study the effects of terbutaline (a beta adrenergic agonist) on performance of broiler chickens, 21 d-old male and female Cobb broiler chicks (n=300) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg terbutaline per kg diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake and body weight gain were measuered after 3 weeks. At 42-d age, six males and six females were randomly selected from each treatment and their live weight and weights of carcass, breast, breast muscle, drumsticks, drumstick muscle and abdominal fat were determined. Terbutaline didn’t affect daily weight gain, but FCR of male chicks was reduced for 5 and 10 mg/kg terbutaline treatments comapared with the control group (p<0.05). Carcass weight and weight of drumsticks, drumstick muscle, breast, breast muscle and ratio of breast to live weight of female chicks reciving 5 mg/kg terbutaline were higher than for other treatments (p<0.05). In male chicks, the live weight and weight of carcass, ratio of carcass to live weight, drumsticks and drumstick muscle at 5 mg/kg terbutaline treatment were higher than for other treatments (p<0.05). This experiment also showed that the addition of 5 mg terbotaline per kg diet during growing period improved FCR and ratio of carcass to live weight of male chicks, increased the ratio of breast to live weight of female chicks, and increased the carcass weight of male and female Cobb chicks.
H.r. Rahmani, A.a. Gheisari, R. Taheri, A. Khodami, M. Toghiani,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 7 experimental diets (2 diets containing 100 and 200 mg vitamin E (VE)/kg and 5 diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% green tea powder (GTP) ) on performance and breast and thigh meat oxidative stability of broiler chicks during different storage times. A total of 364 male broiler chicks were divided to 28 groups of 13 chicks each. Then every 4 groups were randomly allocated to one of experimental diets. During the experimental period (7-42 days of age) feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion of the experimental groups were measured. On day 42, 2 birds from each replicate (8 chicks per treatment) were weighed, slaughtered and their muscles of breast and thigh were minced and stored at 4ºC. Meat oxidative stability of the samples was determined on days 0, 6 and 9 of storage time using thiobarbituric acid test (TBA test). The results showed that addition of the VE and GTP to diets tended to significantly (P<0.05) reduce live body weight, weight gain, feed intake and abdominal fat accumulation and increase feed conversion ratio and pancreas size compared to control group. Increasing storage time from 0 to 6 and 9 d significantly (P< 0.05) increased TBA number. Lipid peroxidation and TBA values in thigh muscle were significantly (P<0.05) higher than breast muscle (1.46 vs. 0.359 mg Malonaldehyde/kg meat). Different dietary levels of GTP in diets did not have any significant effect on prevention of meat lipid peroxidation. In addition, the values of TBA in meat of the groups fed diets containing high levels of GTP significantly (P<0.05) increased in comparison to control group and those fed VE supplemented diets.
O. Ashayerizadeh, B. Dastar , M. Shams Shargh, M. Khomeiri,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the performance and intestinal microflora population of broiler chicks in diets supplemented with Roxarsone, Avilamycin and Formycin gold during starter period. A basal diet was formulated according to NRC (1994) recommendation for starter (0-21 d) period and also supplemented with appropriate amounts of the mentioned growth promoters. Each of the treatment was fed to 5 replicates of 18 Ross 308 male broilers. The birds were raised on pen floor for 21 days. The microflora population in crop and ileum parts was measured on appropriate bacteriological media. Results of experiment indicated that supplementation of Roxarsone and Avilamycin, especially their combination to broiler diets, significantly improved body weigh gain of birds (P<0.05). Feed consumption and feed conversion ratios were not affected by any of the mentioned growth promoters. Adding all the growth promoters to the basal diet, except for the treatment of 0.05 percent Formycin gold, decreased total bacterial numbers in crop and ileum parts. Broilers fed diets containing Roxarsone plus Avilamycin had the lowest total bacterial population and were significantly different from those fed the basal diet (P<0.05). Supplementing broiler diets with all the growth promoters increased lactic acid bacteria population in crop, and decreased coliforms population in ileum parts. Lactic acid bacteria population was the highest in broilers fed Roxarsone plus Avilamycin and coliforms population was the lowest in birds fed 0.2 percent Formycin gold, being significantly different from basal diet (P<0.05).
Z Taraz, B Dastar,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (7-2009)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of Roxarsone (Rox) and Bacitracin methylen disalicylat (BMD) on the performance of broiler chicks. A control corn-soybean meal diet without growth promoter was formulated according to NRC (1994) recommendation for starter (0-21d) and grower (22-42d) periods. The control diet was also supplemented with Rox (50 mg/kg diet ) BMD (55 mg/kg diet) as well as the combination of Rox (50 mg/kg diet ) and BMD (55 mg/kg diet) in order to prepare 4 dietary treatments. Five replicate groups of 15 Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to each dietary treatment. Data was analyzed in a completely randomized design. Results of experiment indicated that individual supplementing of diet with Rox as well as BMD led to improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the basal diet. However, those birds fed diet containing the combination of these two compounds had significantly higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion than other groups ( P<0.05 ). Neither Rox nor BMD had any significant effect on feed intake. Birds fed diets supplemented with Rox or BMD had better carcass composition than those fed Basal diet. Based on the present results, supplementing broilers diets with Rox leads to improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in broilers. However, supplementing broiler diets with combination of Rox and BMD has a more positive effect on the performance and carcass composition in broiler chicks.
