Showing 4 results for Cellulose
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (1-2001)
Abstract
Whole corn plant was ensiled in 70 gr minisilos for 60 days to evaluate the effects of addition of two levels of Cellulomonas uda bacteria (0, 1.2×105 and 2.4×105 cfu per gr of fresh forage) on fermentation and chemical composition of silage. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design. The silos were opened after 3 and 6 days of fermentation. The criteria measured included dry matter (DM), pH, organic matter, water soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, cell wall (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, and ammonia-N contents.
Both levels of bacteria significantly decreased the pH of silages after 3 days (P<0.05). The final pH of silage with the higher level of bacteria was significantly lower, indicative of a greater fermentation of cellulose in this silage. Addition of bacteria resulted in a non-significant increase in the level of final residual water soluble carbohydrates. Final silage ammonia-N concentration was less than 0.8% of dry matter in all silages and was not affected by bacterial treatment. The ADF content was decreased by 11.9% in the silage containing the lower level of bacteria and by 1.8% in the silage which contained the higher level of bacteria. The NDF content increased in the control silage and that with the lower level of bacteria but decreased by 3.6 gr Kg DM-1 in the silage with the higher bacterial level. Hemicellulose contents increased in all silages but cellulose contents decreased by 9.38% (control), 17.37% (low bacteria) and 12.49% (high bacteria) in the control and bacteria-treated silages, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of 12×105 cfu Cellulomonas uda per gr of whole fresh corn plant was effective in increasing residual water soluble carbohydrates, reducing NDF and hydrolyzing cellulose of whole corn plant.
M. Borji,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2006)
Abstract
Recently, the use of microorganisms for conversion of plant biomass into many commercially valuable products has been studied. In this study, some soil samples, composting plant materials, and composted manure from different parts of Markazy province were collected to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria, which have been capable of utilizing lignin preparations as a sole source of carbon. Bacteria were isolated by using three types of lignin preparations and hot- water- extracted wheat stover and saw dusts. Two of the isolates, identified as Streptomyces sp. and Pseudomonades sp. were able to degrade wheat stover and saw dust lignin and polysaccharides. The growth rate of Streptomyces sp. and Pseudomonades sp. was higher in wheat stover fed cultures than the saw dust fed cultures. Results also showed that bacteria treatment of lignocelluloses and nitrogen supplementation of culture media had considerable effects on chemical composition of wheat stover and saw dust. All two bacteria genera increased crude protein, APPL, soluble lignin, and decreased carbohydrates and insoluble lignin of wheat stover and saw dust (P<0.01). Streptomyces showed more degradation ability than Pseudomonades, especially in culture media containing wheat stover. The utilization of yeast extract (as nitrogen source) improved degradation abilities of bacteria. The findings of this study indicate that these bacteria could be used for biological upgrading of agriculture residues in order to feed animals.
Sakineh Abdi, Mehdi Tajbakhsh, Babak Abdollahi Mandulakani, Mirhasan Rasouli Sadaghiani,
Volume 17, Issue 64 (9-2013)
Abstract
The incorporation of plant residues in soils of arid and semiarid regions is a major principle of sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted at the research farm of Urmia University (37° 32’N and 45° 5’ E), Urmia, Iran during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Five green manure crops were grown in four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The treatments included white clover (T.repens), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia), pearl millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and turnip (Eruca sativa). Changes in soil nutrient elements and nitrogen mineralization were measured during different time periods after plant residues incorporation to soil. The plants were irrigated 50% of field capacity during growing period. The results showed that the total nitrogen and NH4-N were influenced by type of green manure in both years. The lignin and cellulose were the main factors controlling N mineralization and residue decomposition. In the first and second year, the results indicated that pearl millet green residues resulted in the highest amount of soil organic carbon. Nitrate-N content reached the highest amount in sainfoin and white clover. In conclusion, white clover and sainfoin due to increasing total and mineral nitrogen for subsequent plants could be introduced as a proper green manure in water deficit conditions.
Z. Feizi, A. Ranjbar Fordoee, A.r. Shakeri,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Maintaining soil structure and stability is essential, especially in arid and semi-arid regions with poor soil structural stability. Destruction of soil and its crust can cause wind erosion and desertification. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using hydrogel nanocomposite mulch on the stabilization of sand surfaces. A wind tunnel test was used to evaluate the erodibility of samples treated with different amounts of hydrogel nanocomposite. The compressive strength of the samples was measured by a manual penetrometer. The prepared nanocomposites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) images. The results of the wind tunnel showed that the addition of hydrogel nanocomposite to the samples improved the soil erosion rate by 100% at a speed of 15 m/s compared to the control sample. Bonding between sand particles by spraying hydrogel nanocomposites improves the erodibility of sand. Measurement of mechanical strength of treated samples after 30 days showed that the resistance of the crust increased with increasing the amount of nanocellulose in the composite, which can be expressed due to the increased surface area of the nanoparticle and the possibility of further bonding of the nanocomposite polymer bed with sand particles. While the crust diameter showed no significant difference with increasing concentration and the sample treated with nanocomposites containing 3% nanoparticles was thicker compared to other samples.
