Showing 6 results for Chemical Fertilizer
S. Fallah, A. Ghalavand, M. R. Khajehpour,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (7-2007)
Abstract
It is necessary to use organic fertilizers and decrease chemical fertilizers consumption to reach sustainable agriculture. Thus, to study the effects of manure incorporation methods, and integrated effects of poultry manure with chemical fertilizers on the grain yield and yield components of maize, an experiment was conducted in 2004 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan Weather Department, 30 kms northeast of Khorramabad. The treatments were arranged in a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots consisted of incorporation of fertilizer with soil by furrower or disk. The subplots included T0: control (no consumption of fertilizer and poultry manure) T1: 200, 100, and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively T2: 80% of T1+ 4 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T3: 60% of T1+ 8 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T4: 40% of T1+ 12 ton ha-1 of poultry manure T5: 20% of T1+ 16 ton ha-1 of poultry manure and T6: 20 ton ha-1 of poultry manure. The results showed that incorporation of fertilizer by furrower, compared with disk, led to significant increase in plant height, 1000 seed weight and grain and biological yields. However, there were not significant differences in the number of seed per ear and harvest index between the two fertilizer incorporation methods. Fertilizer treatments caused significant increase of the treats mentioned except for the harvest index. The interaction effects were not significant for any traits. T5 treatment produced the highest grain yield, and was significantly different from T0, T1, T3 and T6 treatments. The differences between T1 (chemical nutrition system) and T6 (organic nutrition system) were not significant either. Effectiveness of integrated poultry manure and chemical fertilizers on maize yield components was higher than either poultry manure or chemical fertilizer. The results of this experiment indicated that incorporation of 16 ton poultry manure + 40, 20 and 20 kg ha-1 N, P and K with furrower might be appropriate for maize prodution under conditions similar to this experiment.
H. Dehghan-Menshadi, M. A. Bahmanyar, S. Salek Gilani, A. Lakzian,
Volume 16, Issue 60 (7-2012)
Abstract
Biological indicators are considered soil quality elements, due to their dependence on soil organisms. In order to investigate The effect of compost and vermicompost enriched by chemical fertilizers and manure on soil organic carbon, microbial respiration, and enzymes activity in basil plant's rhizosphere, a field experiment was conducted as a split-plot design with randomized complete blocks and three replications in 2006. The main plot involved six levels of fertilizer including: 20 and 40 tons of compost enriched, 20 and 40 tons of vermicompost enriched per hectare, chemical fertilizer and control without fertilizer and sub-plot, and period of application (two, three and four years). The results showed that application of compost and vermicompost at all levels increased soil organic carbon (OC) and soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass and urease activity compared to the controls (p<0.05), but increasing trend among the treatments was not similar. The maximum amounts of OC, soil microbial respiration and enzyme activity were observed in 40 tons of vermicompost enriched with chemical fertilizer ha-1 with four years of application. In high levels of compost application, the urease activity was decreased.
A. Mohammadi, M. A. Bahmanyar,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (9-2014)
Abstract
In order to investigate the cumulative effect of three-year application of municipal solid waste compost (C) and the compost accompanied with chemical fertilizer (CF) on the concentrations of some heavy metals in various organs of rice plant, a field experiment with completely randomized design in three replications was performed in 2009. Treatments were as follows: Control (without C and CF), CF (100 kg urea, 100 kg super phosphate and 100 kg potassium sulphate per ha), 15, 30 and 45 tons of C without CF, 15, 30 and 45 tons of C with 25%, 50% and 75% CF. Results showed that application of compost in three years would increase the amounts of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr in different organs of rice plant. Also, application of C accompanied with CF increased the amount of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr in various organs of rice compared to C. The highest concentration of nickel and lead (9.1 and 7.8 mg.kg-1 respectively) were obtained in grains in 45 ton C + 50% CF per ha treatment. Meanwhile, the maximum content of cadmium in grain (1.6 mg.kg-1) in 30 ton C + 75% CF ha-1treatment, and the highest amount of chromium in grain (1.8 mg.kg-1 ) resulted from 30 ton + 25% CF ha-1treatment.
A. Koochekzadeh, H. Hoveizeh, A. R. Yazdipour,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Since 2001, water main drainage of sugarcane farms located in the east side of Karoon River has been deviated to Shadegan lagoon. The average discharge and salinity of the drain water in spring and summer were 20 and 20.5 m3 sec-1 and 17.1 and 13.3 dS m-1, respectively. Therefore, there have been considerable changes in the lagoon water quality when compared to the time before entering the drain water. Therefore, an experiment was performed to investigate the effects of sugarcane waste water on the quality of Lagoon’s water. The results showed that the average salinity was increased significantly before and after the entrance of the drainage into different points. The average salinity in the sample point No.2 (along the entrance of the drainage) in summer was changed from 17.7 to 51.5 dS m-1. The results, therefore, revealed that after the entrance of drainage water to Lagoon, during summer time, water salinity and mineral concentrations were increased for all locations except the points of 1 (on the northern margin of Lagoon) and 3 (influenced by Jarahi River). Phosphate ion concentration was increased at all investigated locations, but the highest phosphate concentrations were observed at the location points of 1 and 2 in summer. Given the important role of this lagoon in the protection of animal and plant spices, it is essentially important for sugarcane production companies to adopt a special measure for the protection of Lagoon from any source of pollution.
M Rezaei Pasha, K Shahedi, Q. Vahabzadeh, A. Kavian, M. Ghajar Sepanlou, P. Jouquet,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
One of the management practices to reduce the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and to protect soil and water resources is applying a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers that can better than using them separately. Therefore, in order to understand and identify the effectiveness of this management practice, it is necessary to examine runoff and sediment production. This study was carried out in an agricultural sloping land located in the North of Iran, near Sari city. For this purpose, runoff measurement plots of 1 × 5 m were set up under natural rainfall based on a randomized block experimental design. Soil samples were measured at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In this study, parameters such as runoff (volume, nitrate content, sediment yields), soil physical features (porosity and infiltration coefficient), and soil chemical properties (EC, OC, N, CEC, pH) were measured. The results showed that among soil chemical and physical properties, just N, EC and pH significantly influenced the Municipal Solid Waste Compost. A PCA was carried out, showing that these treatments explained 74.35% of the total variance of the results. Accordingly, it could be stated that using soil and water conservation management practices can rapidly significantly improve the soil properties in the sloping lands.
A. Abdollahi, M. Norouzi Masir, M. Taghavi, A. Moezzi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the ways to confront with the micronutrients deficiency is application of Nano materials to increase the availability of elements such as zinc for plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate chemical fertilizer on the zinc chemical forms in soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentrations and uptake in wheat. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatment consisted of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles of Hydroxyl (OH), Carboxyl (COOH) and Amine (NH2), each at three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1), ZnSO4 (40 kg.ha-1) and Control (without using iron oxide nanoparticles). At the end of the cultivation period, soil chemical properties such as pH, soil available zinc and dissolved organic carbon and concentrations and the uptake of zinc in plant were measured. The results showed that pH, available zinc and dissolved organic carbon content of soil solution were significantly affected by the treatments. The results obtained from the Visual MINTEQ Geochemical model showed that the highest amount of the free form of zinc (Zn2+) was obtained at the level of 300 mg.kg-1 of carboxyl iron oxide nanoparticles. Also, the experimental treatments significantly influenced the concentration of Zn-DOM species. The positive and significant correlation between Zn+2 and Zn- DOC species with the concentration and total Zn uptake of wheat indicated that these pools of Zn could be liable species in soil. The results of this study, therefore, showed that the application of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles could help to improve soil conditions in order to increase the zinc availability for plants.
