Showing 7 results for Cucumber
M. Nasr-Esfahani, A. Akhiani, H. Fatemi, H. Hassan-Pour,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (10-2000)
Abstract
Solarization of field soil through mulching with transparent polyethylene sheets alone and in integration with farm yard manure (40 T/ha) and/or metalayl (25 kg/ha) during summer 1994-95 for five weeks in Isfahan resulted in an increase in temperature of 10 °C (± 1) and moisture preservation of up to 82%. Solarization effectively reduced foot-rot of cucumber (Phytophthora drechsleri) in the above treatments up to 88%, 96% and 95%, respectively.
Solarization, farm yard manure and their integration reduced the infection of Meloidogyne javanica up to 50%, 57% and 83% while plant parasitic nematodes were also reduced to 72%, 75% and 86%, respectively. The populations of free living nematodes increased only in farm yard manure and in integration with solarization by 30% and 53%, respectively.
Solarization effectively reduced the populations of almost all weeds by around 100%, except for Cyperus rotundus and Sonchus asper which were reduced by 59% and 44%, respectively.
Kh. Talebi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2002)
Abstract
In this research, the presence of metalaxyl residues was studied in field-grown cucumber. Two different formulations of metalaxyl were used in the experiments. In the first experiment, cucumber plants were sprayed once and repeatedly by Ridomil-MZ 72 WP at 2.5 g/litre. In the second experiment, single and double applications of metalaxyl granule 5G were carried out at 5 g/m2. Leaves and fruits were sampled at different times after each treatment and analyzed for metalaxyl residues by HPLC.
In leaf samples from single sprayed plots, metalaxyl residues declined rapidly following the treatment and more than 50% of the residues disappeared in the first two days, whereas in the leaf from single granule-applied plants, the residues increased during the first three weeks and then declined. Metalaxyl residues in cucumber sampled from single sprayed-plots were at a high level during the first three days after the spray and declined below the MRL (0.5 mg/kg) on the 7th day. In granule-applied plots, the residues increased during the first 7 days and the level below the limit was recorded 20 days after application. Residual values for plants sprayed with suspension showed a faster dissipation rate than granulated treatment. Metalaxyl recovered after three times of spraying and two times of granular application did not show any toxic accumulation of residues in fruit.
D. Hashemabadi, A. Kashi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
The effects of 4 different levels of nitrogen (0,120,150, and 180 kg nitrogen per hectare) and one level of poultry manure (10 tons per hectare) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of an autumn grown cultivar of cucumber [Cucumis sativus, cv.'super dominos] were studied in DarrehShahr, Ilam. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications.
The results showed that treatments affected yield, number of nods and plant fresh weight and the highest yield was 41/287 ton/ha in the plots receiving poultry manure. Also 180 kg of pure nitrogen increased yield compared to control. Effect of treatments on fruit length, diameter, and fruit dry matter was different. Plant length, number of nodes, and plant fresh weight showed a positive and significant correlation with plant yield.
J. Keramat, Kh. Talebi, L. Mosaffa,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Vegetable crops are exposed to repeated spraying against the pests and diseases during the growing sessions. Crops such as greenhouse cucumber are usually harvested a short time after spraying, bearing a high level of pesticides with them. This fact justifies a research on this problem. This research was carried out to determine the effects of metalaxyl (a fungicide commonly used in greenhouse) residue in cucumbers grown under traditional and modern greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants were sprayed with two different doses: 1/1 000 and 2/1000 metalaxyl in modern and traditional greenhouses. Samples were collected 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after spraying with metalaxyl. The fungicide residue was extracted, cleaned up by TLC and the final solution was analyzed by HPLC. Data were analyzed statistically by t-test (paired observations) and Duncans multiple range test.
The results revealed that the amount of metalaxyl residues increased in the first four days following spraying. This amount of the residue was 10 times higher than MRL (0.5 mg/kg), while a lower level of MRL (0.5 mg/kg) was detected 21 days after the application. Results also showed that a lower dose of application left a higher residual level than the higher one. On the other hand, no significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the amounts of residues in peeled and unpeeled cucumbers. Thus, fruit peeling does not reduce the fungicide residue in cucumber. Also, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the results obtained from modern and traditional greenhouses. Therefore, cucumber must either be harvested before or at least 14 days after spraying with metalaxyl.
M. Shabanian, H. Masomi, A. Hoseinipour, J. Heidarnejad, Z. Azami,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Cucumber cultivars, grown in greenhouse in the Jiroft region, were surveyed for the relative incidence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from 2001 to 2004. Samples from 1294 plants representing different cultivars were analysed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The data showed that green-house cucumbers are infected by CMV, ZYMV, TSWV and WMV-2. However, ZYMV was the most prevalent virus. Mixed infection including double and triple infection was identified in some samples. Transmission of aphid-borne viruses (CMV, ZYMV and WMV-2) by Aphis gossypii, A. fabae, A. craccivora and Myzus persicae revealed that ZYMV is most efficiently vectored by these aphids and, A. craccivora transmitted these viruses with more than 60% efficiency. In addition, WMV-2 was not transmitted by A. gossypii. In RT-PCR, ZYMV infection was confirmed by amplifying a PCR product of the predicated size 458 bp, using total RNA extracted from infected plants. All ZYMV infected samples reacted with monoclonal antibodies (705-1, 705-2 and 705-4) in TAS-ELISA test. These results showed that ZYMV isolate collected from Jiroft belongs to group A, cluster 1 or 2. In electron microscopy study, normal length of ZYMV flexuous particles in partial purified preparation was calculated as 790 nm. The molecular weight of coat protein of ZYMV was estimated at 36 KDa., using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. This is the first report of these viruses in greenhouse grown cucumber in the Jiroft region.
A.h. Jamali Zavareh, A. Sharifi Tehrani, M. Mohammadi,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
One of the properties of systemically acquired resistance in plants is their concomitance with the biochemical changes including enhancement of activities of defense-related enzymes. The leaf extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai is known to be an effective compound for the control of a few plant diseases particularly powdery mildew of cucurbits (caused by fungal pathogen Podosphaera fusca), by inducing host defense responses. In the present investigation, the effects of this extract on some defense responses of cucumber plants were studied via in vivo tests. Changes of defense responses in the extract treated-cucumber plants, with or without pathogen inoculation, were studied and compared with those of non-treated control plants. Results indicated that specific activity of peroxidase increased significantly in treated tissues. Enhancement of enzyme activity showed the same patterns in both the pathogen inoculated- and non-inoculated-plants thus the pathogen attack did not affect the enzyme activity. Specific activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the non-inoculated extract treated-plants showed a transient fast increase during 24 hours after the treatment, whereas in the inoculated ones, it showed a permanent slow increase probably due to the interaction between extract treatment and pathogen attack. Phenolic content of extract treated-plant tissues, despite small fluctuations, did not show any definite pattern of changes.
A. Sanaei Ostovar , A.h. Khoshgoftarmanesh , M.h. Mirzapour ,
Volume 14, Issue 54 (1-2011)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate nutritional status and some quality aspects of greenhouse cucumber in Qom province. After selecting 20 greenhouses, concentrations of macro- and micronutrients as well as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soil and plant were measured. In addition, some fruit quality attributes were determined. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in soils were much higher than their critical levels. The mean concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were 12.0, 1.98, and 14.5, respectively. The mean concentration of calcium (Ca) in cucumber leaf was high while in fruit was lower compared to its sufficiency level. Most fruit samples were deficient in K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn. The mean nitrate (336 mg kg-1) and Pb (0.34 mg kg-1) concentrations in cucumber fruits were higher than their acceptable levels. Ascorbic acid concentration of fruits showed positive correlation with Fe concentration. Also, fruit Mg concentration had a positive correlation with the total dissolved solids and negative correlation with fruit moisture content. The results indicated that improper nutrition management in Qom cucumber greenhouses has caused micronutrients deficiencies and high nitrate and Pb concentration, which are important to consumers' health.
