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Investigation of Temporal and Spatial Trends of Water Quality Parameters Change Using Geostatistic Methods in Kashan Plain
S. H. Sadeghi, A. Allbuali, R. Ghazavi,
Volume 20, Issue 76 (8-2016)
Abstract

Nowadays, the increasing population and water demand in various sectors of agriculture, industry, drinking and sanitation has brought about tremendous pressure on groundwater resources. Changes in groundwater quality and salinity of the water resources are currently major threats to development, especially in the dry and too dry lands. The aim of this study is evaluation of the trend of changes in groundwater quality, both temporally and spatially, in Kashan plain over a period of 12 years (2002-2013) using geostatistical methods and classification methods namely Shouler and Wilcox. Thereby, Export Choice has been used and each parameter has been weighted according to its effect on water quality changes. Then, the weighted average of water quality parameters was used for zoning the drinking and agriculture water. The results showed that among the geostatistical methods, circular Kriging based on the correlation coefficient has more acceptable performance. Moreover, the results of spatial and temporal changes in water quality based on Shouler and Wilcox indicate a decrease of drink and agriculture water quality in the study area. Besides, 1.75 km2 of high quality drinkable water was annually decreased between 2002 and 2013 and replaced with moderate or poor quality water. Also, the same but more remarkable decline happened in agriculture water so that 11.06 km2 of high quality agriculture water annually diminished from 2002 to 2009 and plunged zero by 2009.


Fuzzy AHP Application for Flood Spearding Site Selection (Case Study: South of Kashan Plain)
Z. Feyzi, A.r. Keshtkar, A. Malekian, H. Ghasemieh,
Volume 20, Issue 76 (8-2016)
Abstract

Shortage of rainfall and also relatively high intensity precipitations in short-term are characteristics of arid regions of the world, such as central of Iran. Studies have indicated that massive flooding causes great loss of life and properties every year. Also, Water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions of the world will cause fragile living conditions in these areas. Therefore, it is needed to reduce runoff rates using actions such as dam construction or artificial recharge techniques. In this study, seven factors were applied such as the slope, surface permeability, transmissibility in alluvium, alluvial quality, land use, runoff volume and thickness of the unsaturated layer to determine suitable areas and site selection for flood spreading and artificial recharge in south of Kashan plain. After preparing the digital layers, criteria weights were determined using Fuzzy AHP. The weighted maps were acquired and merged together. Results indicated that land use criterion with the greatest weight (0.22) was determined as the first priority in the site selection for flood speading. The parameters of runoff volume, permeability, slope, depth of the unsaturated layer, alluvial quality, and transfer coefficient were accounted as the second to seventh priorities. 


Assessment of Some of Wind Erosion Control Methods in Desert Areas (Case Study: Kashan Desert)
M. Abtahi, M. Khosroshahi,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Biological operations to combat wind erosion must be carried out in the calm bed of dunes, which is often challenging due to high-velocity winds. Therefore, the necessary precondition for stopping the movement of sand is to create obstacles in the path of their movement, protecting newly planted vegetation from wind damage and ensuring stability during the initial years. In this project, various methods of preventing wind erosion, including creating a windbreak to reduce wind speed below the erosion threshold and sand spraying to increase the wind threshold, were evaluated in the dunes of Abuzidabad, Kashan, under severe wind erosion. The windbreaks used include mesh with a percentage of 50% porosity in a checkerboard with dimensions of 2.5 * 2.5 m, and cottonwood harvested from cotton fields in a grid of 5 * 5 meters. The height and distance of the windbreaks were calculated using the wind threshold speed and the maximum wind speed of the region. Sand spraying was tested on dunes and clay-salt panes with 50% and 30% density. To compare the rate of soil displacement in the above and control treatments, graded wooden indicators up to a height of one meter of sediment traps were used. In addition, the effect of net windbreak on the percentage of successful establishment of the Holoxylon sp. plant compared to the control was investigated. In this study, the cost of each method was calculated separately and compared with the cost of spraying oil mulch. The results showed that 50% sand spraying, in addition to having the best performance in stabilizing sands and preventing the formation of dust, as well as stability, also has a lower implementation cost than other methods. Therefore, the 50% sand spraying method is introduced as the best method to stabilize and prevent erosion at the lowest cost and also environmental compatibility.

Estimation of Water Stress Multivariable Index (Case Study: Kashan City)
M. Khoshoei,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
The issue of water scarcity or the limited availability of water resources, including concepts such as water stress, water shortage, and water crisis, is investigated in this study. Water stress refers to problems related to access to freshwater resources, particularly due to the excessive withdrawal of surface and groundwater. A water crisis describes a situation where the available clean and safe drinking water in a specific region is insufficient to meet demand. Factors like drought, reduced rainfall, and pollution can exacerbate water stress. Water shortage arises from reasons such as the inability to meet demand, economic competition over water quality and quantity, conflicts among users, the irreversible depletion of groundwater resources, and negative environmental impacts. This study provides an index to assess water stress for spatial analysis in the study area and analyzes relevant data by collecting information from various sources. This index utilizes both static and dynamic parameters to estimate drought and better depict water stress conditions. Static parameters include land use, slope, and soil type. Dynamic parameters include precipitation, temperature, and groundwater level. Kashan County was selected as the case study due to the continuous reduction in water resources. The results showed that in the water years 2005, 2014, 2020, and 2021, Kashan experienced the highest level of water stress, while in the water years 2002, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015, it experienced the lowest level of water stress.

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