Showing 9 results for Metabolizable Energy
Mohammad Reza Ebadi, Javad Pour Reza, Mohammad Khorvash, Kambiz Nazer Adl, Abbas Almodares,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-1997)
Abstract
Sorghum grain is an important cereal to be cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The extension of its cultivation and application in animal and poultry diets may reduce the need for imported corn. In order to determine the nutritive value of sorghum, 36 sorghum grain (SG) varieties and one type of corn were grown at the same location. The grains were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Results from of proximate analyses showed that the ash, crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of SG were 1.72±0.54, 11.6±1.18, 0.34±0.03 and 8.35±3.93, respectively. The ether extract (EE) of SG was lower than Iranian and imported corns. Iranian corn had higher amounts of CP (10.7%), EE (5.9%) and CF (3.3%) than the imported one (7.8, 4.2 and 2.25). Tannin contents of low and high SG varieties were 0.021% and 0.998%, respectively. The apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of SG were decreased due to increasing the tannin contents. The values of TMEn (3853, 3771 and 3213 Kcal/kg) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among low, medium and high tannin sorghum (LTS, MTS and HTS) varieties. However, in comparison with the SG, the corn had higher amounts of TME (3853, 3771 and 3213 VS. 3947 Kcal/kg). LTS had the highest AME (3453 Kcal/kg) among all the grains, while there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between MTS (3458 Kcal/kg) and the two corn grains (3406 Kcal/kg).
Javad Pour-Reza, Mehdi Mehrshad,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-1997)
Abstract
Two experiments were designed and conducted to evaluate the effect of tallow and the nutritional value of millet and the effect of substituting millet for corn on the performance of laying hens. In the first experiment, the nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of tallow and millet was determined. Also the digestibility of dry matter (DM), protein, fat and crude fiber of millet was determined using the Sibbald's method. In the second experiment, with a completely randomized design and in a factorial arrangement, the effect of different levels of substitution of corn (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%), introduction of tallow at various amounts of 0, 3 and 6 percent, and also the effect of processing millet (ground and unground) on the diet of HY-Line layers from 26 to 38 weeks of age were studied. The criteria used were egg production rate, egg weight, egg output, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The results from the first experiment showed that screening millet increased its true metabolizable energy. Furthermore, crude fiber digestibility increased as a result of introducing fat into the diet (p<0.05). The results from the second experiment revealed that grinding millet had no significant effect on the performance of laying hens, but feed conversion ratio tended to improve in diets containing ground millet. Substitution of any amount of millet for corn significantly improved egg weight, egg output, and feed intake (P<0.05). Introduction of tallow by 6% significantly increased feed intake (P<0.05) too.
Javad Pour-Reza, Saied Moslehi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-1998)
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of millet and tallow for broiler chickens. In the first experiment, the nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of millet and tallow were determined by the method of Sibbald. In the second experiment, a 3×5 factorial experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of 3 levels of tallow and 5 levels of substitution of corn with millet in broiler diets. Animal fat was included in the diets at levels of 0%, 3% and 6% and millet was replaced for corn at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Each diet was tested in 4 replicates including 12 chicks per replicate. Live body weights, feed consumptions and feed conversion ratios were determined weekly for all replicates. The AMEn of unground, ground, screened and ground and tallow were 3260, 3204, 3237 and 8166 Kcall/kg, respectively. Replacement of corn by millet at all levels did not have any adverse effect on body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio at 56th day of age. Body weights, feed consumptions and feed conversion ratios were significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing animal fat. The results indicated that millet has high energy value and appears to be at least equal to corn in promoting weight gains in broiler chickens.
M.r. Rezvani, A. Golian, F. Eftekhari Shahroudi, H. Nassiri Moghaddam,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
An experiment with 720 pullets was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy levels of pullet and dietary energy and fat of laying ration on subsequent performance parameters during 14-20 and 22-44 weeks of age. In the first period, white leghorn pullets were fed with two diets of low and high density energy (2600 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg). In the lating period (second period), birds, in each treatment of pullet period, were fed with six diets containing three levels of low, medium and high energy (2600, 2750 and 2900 kcal/kg) at two levels of supplemental fat (zero and 2%). All diets were formulated to meet minimum NRC (1994) requirements of amino acids and protein. This experiment was done in randomized complete block designs with 5 replicates. The levels of energy in the growing period did not affect egg production, egg weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion rate and age of pubertal maturity in laying period, but pullets fed with high energy diet had significantly higher weights as compared to low energy diet in the beginning of laying period. In the laying period, the use of supplemental fat (2%) improved egg production and egg weight, but feed intake and feed conversion rate were not affected. Means of feed conversion rate, feed intake and egg production during laying period in low energy diet were greater than those as compared to high energy diet, but egg weight was not affected by energy level of diets. Low energy intake to protein intake ratio in low energy diet versus high energy diet may be a reason for greater egg production in lower energy than in higher energy diets.
S. Maghsoud Lou, A. Golian, F. Eftekhar Shahroudi, M. Nassiri Mahallati, H. Kermanshahi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2003)
Abstract
An experiment with a 33 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 450 day-old broilers was conducted to study the effect of energy level and time of change from starter to finisher diets on performance and economic aspects of broilers. Broiler chickens were fed at three levels of dietary energy (2800, 3000, and 3200 KcalME/Kg) from 1-42 days of age. Starter and finisher diets were changed at 16, 21, and 26 days of age and then finisher diets were fed up to 42 days of age.
The effect of diet energy and changing time from starter to finisher diets on body weight and feed conversion at 26 days of age were significant (P<0.01). By increasing energy level and changing time from starter to finisher diets, at this age, body weight increased and feed conversion ratio decreased. Energy conversion decreased by decreasing the levels of energy content of diet and increasing time of change from starter to finisher diets (P<0.01). At 42 days of age, the effects of diet energy and changing time from starter to finisher diets did not show any significant effects on feed and energy conversion in contrast, body weight at this age increased significantly as a result of increasing time of change from starter to finisher diets (P<0.05). From 1-42 days of age, the interaction between diet energy and changing time from starter to finisher diets on feed and energy conversion was significant (P<0.05). The results from this study suggest that increasing diet energy and changing time from starter to finisher diets for producing broilers with less than 2 kg will improve their general performance.
Pourreza, M.r. Ebadi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2006)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design with 3×5 factorial arrangement, the metabolizable energy and nutrients digestibility of three varieties of sorghum grains (low, medium and high tannin) with and without supplemental phytase were determined and was compared with corn and wheat. Three varieties of sorghum were selected from the 36 varieties according to their tannin content and were grown togther with corn and wheat under the same environmental conditions. Supplemental phytase was added at three levels (0.0, 500 and 1000 FTU/kg) to each grain. The metabolizable energy (ME) and nutrients digestibilities were determined by the mature male Leghorn with the method of Sibbald. The results indicated that different grains had different ME, apparent and true digestibilities regarding dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Medium tannin sorghum had the highest apparent and true metabolizable (AME and TME) energy, whereas the high tannin sorghum showed the lowest AME and TME. The apparent and true dry matter digestibilities of corn was more than the other grains (P<0.001). Medium tannin sorghum had the highest apparent and true nitrogen digestibilies than the other two varieties (P<0.001). Difference between tested grains regarding apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities were not significant. All measured criteria were the lowest for the high tannin sorghum. Adding 500 FTU/Kg phytase caused an improvement (P<0.001) in AME, apparent and true dry matter digestibilities and true nitrogen digestibility. Although added phytase improved apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities and true nitrogen digestibility, but the differences were not significant. The differences between 500 and 1000 units phytase was not significant and the results indicated that 500 FTU/Kg phytase was sufficient to improve the nutritional value of grains under study.
E. Abdi Gezeljeh,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
Based on the official statistics of industries and mines organization about 1000 tons of waste of spaghetti in spaghetti- producing plants, and around 7500 tons of waste in chickpea pre-cleaning plants are produced annually in the East Azarbayjan province. In order to determine chemical composition and metabolizable energy of the above mentioned waste, at first classified random sampling from 10% of plants was performed. Then amount of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NDF, ADF, and gross energy were measured according to AOAC (1990) procedures. The amounts of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NDF and ADF, for spagettti waste were, 12/7, 0/2 , 2/4 , 1/7 and 0/1 percent, respectively, and for chickpea pre-cleaning were 30/2 , 17/8 , 8/7 , 32/3 and 22/4 percent, respectively. The waste of spaghetti was mixed with basal diet with the ratios of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 100%. The waste of pre-cleaning chickpea was mixed with basal diet with the ratios of 15% and 45%. Then, in order to determine different kinds of metabolizable energy (AME, AMEn, TME, TMEn) of waste, 30 grams of mixed feed were force-fed to 4 adult Leghorn-type roosters, according to the method described by Sibbald. The amount of AMEn of spaghetti waste in different levels was 2915, 3535, 3937, 3643, 3728, 3671, 3687 and 3717 Kcal/kg, respectively and the amount of AMEn of metabolizable energy of checkpea pre-cleaning in two levels was 2677 and 2279 Kcal/kg, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between AMEn of wastes. There were significant differences between amount and kinds of metabolizable energy in different levels. The highest amount of AME was observed to be in 30% ratio of spaghetti waste relation to basal diet. There were significant differences between amount of metabolizable energy of checkpea pre-cleaning in two levels. The highest amount of AME was observed to be in 15% ratio of checkpea pre-cleaning waste related to basal diet.
A. Chakraei, J. Pourreza, A. Tabeidian,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine the nutritional value and the effect of different levels of tomato seed and pomace on performance of broilers. Corn grains and soyabean meals were replaced by tomato seed at levels of 6, 12 and 18 % and tomato pomace at levels of 3, 9 and 12 %. At first, the metabolizable energy of tomato seed and pomace was determined by the Sibbald method. In this experiment, 504 commercial broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used for 8 weeks (from 7 to 56 days old ) in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments with 4 replications per treatment. After 21 days, protein digestibility of the ration in illeum was determined. Apparent metabolizable energy was 3394 kcal/kg for seed and 2329 kcal/kg for pomace and crude protein was 31, 22.7, respectively . The result showed that body weight, protein digestibility of rations in illeum and carcass characteristics were not significantly different . Best energy and protein conversion efficiencies were obtained at the level of 6 % seed and 9 % pomace, that were not significantly different from control treatment. Cheeks fed with seed and 12% tomato pomace had significantly (p<0.5) higher feed intake than control group.The difference between diets containing 6% seed and 3% pomace and control group was not significant regarding feed conversion ratio.
M.r. Barekatain, J. Pourreza, A.h. Samie, S.a. Tabeidian, E. Rowghani,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determinate the effects of different levels of Amet protein binder (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6) in substitution for fish meal on performance and digestibility of nutrients. This study used 400 broiler chickens (Ross strain) with 5 treatments of 4 replications in a completely randomized design. Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were determined at the end of each phase of the experiment. In addition, the digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of the whole diets were measured by sampling excreta. The results showed that levels of 4.5 and 6% of Amet significantly decreased feed consumption (P< 0.01). Feed consumption was higher for 1.5, 0(control), and 3% Amet in diets, respectively. At the starting phase, 1.5% Amet treatment improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). The treatments 6% and 4.5% Amet increased feed conversion ratio in all phases of experiment and the final phase. Percentages of abdominal fat were not significantly affected by treatments. Replacement of different levels of Amet except the treatment 6% had no significant effect on percentage of carcass. The level of 1.5% Amet versus control significantly increased AMEn (P<0.01). It seems that the inclusion of 1.5% Amet binder in the diet can positively affect performance and AMEn of diet in broiler chickens.
