Showing 20 results for Nutrients
M. Shivazad, A. Seidavy,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2001)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in order to study the possibility of compensatory growth by changing dietary nutrients concentration in the female Arian broiler chicks using a completely randomized design by means of standard and diluted diets. By standard diet is meant diet recommended by Arian’s guide catalogue and by diluted diet is meant the diet used in Iran broiler farms. However, both diets contain the same nutrient/energy ratios. Chicks in the seven treatments received in their starter, grower and finisher stages standard and standard and standard, standard and diluted and diluted, diluted and standard and diluted, diluted and diluted and standard, diluted and standard and standard, diluted and diluted and diluted, standard and standard and diluted respectively. Furthermore each treatment contained three replicants and each replicant contained 30 chicks. This experiment was conducted in autumn using 630 female Arian broiler chicks for eight weeks.
It was concluded that weight gain of chicks receiving standard diets during all stages of their growing period was the same as the chicks receiving diluted diet during their starter period and standard diets during grower and finisher periods. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of these treatments were statistically lower than other treatment groups. Furthermore, production index and percentage of mortality was better than other treatment groups. Likewise, viscera% and abdominal fat% remained significantly constant in all treatment groups. But the cost of feed per unit of live body weight was lower in the treatment receiving diluted diets in all three stages of their growing period.
S. Vaseghi, M. Afyuni, H. Shariatmadari, M. Mobli,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2003)
Abstract
Excessive application of sewage sludge leads to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in soils. The objective of this greenhouse study was to examine the DTPA–extractability of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Co in relation to soil pH and to investigate the concentrations of these metals in corn (Zea mayz). The study was conducted using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Sewage sludge was applied at 0, 50, 100, and 200 t/ha on four soils [Langaroud (pH= 4.8), Lahijan (pH= 5.7), Rasht (pH= 6.8), and Isfahan (pH= 7.9)]. Application of sewage sludge significantly increased DTPA-extractable Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni in all soils. The increasing effect was in accordance with sludge level. Langaroud soil had the highest and Isfahan soil the lowest levels of DTPA-extractable metals. Application of sewage sludge increased plant growth and metals in the foliage of corn plants. The metal concentration in corn tissues also increased with decreasing soil pH. Overall, the application of sewage sludge as an organic material, particularly in acid soils, may increase availability of heavy metals, which may, in turn, result in soil pollution. Therefore, addition of sewage sludge to soils should be managed on the basis of the changes in soil heavy metal concentration.
Gh. Saeidi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) can have an important role in vegetable oil production. Also, appropriate soil fertility is necessary to obtaine higher seed yield and quality of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fertilizer treatments of macro and micronutrients on seed yield and other agronomic traits in sunflower. The effects of thirteen fertilizer treatemts (as main factor) were investigated on agronomoic traits of two hybrid cultivars, "HiSun33" and "Euroflor" (as sub factor) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that there was significant interaction between fertilizer treatments and cultivars for most of the traits and the effects of fertilizer treatments were dependent on the cultivar. Almost all of the fertilizer treatments of N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn either significantly or non-significantly decreased the means of head diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed yield and oil yield in Euroflor cultivar however, in HiSun33 cultivar, each of N, P, and K fertilizers had no significant effect on seed yield. Application of Zn and Mn fertilizer in soil or spraying them on plants had no significant effect on seed yield and yield components in HiSun33 cultivar however, application of Fe feritilizer (Sequestrene) significantly increased the seed yield of this cultivar and had no significant effect on its seed oil. In HiSun33, seed yield and oil content for treatments of control, NPK and NPK+Fe were 4946, 5155 and 7090 kg/ha and 40.72, 43.10 and 43.07 %, respectively. The effects of fertilizer treatments on oil concentration of seed were not significant, thus the variation of oil yield was due to the seed yield. The correlation coefficients and regression analysis showed that seed weight and head diameter were most important seed yield components,. In general, it seems that in a soil conditions like that of this experiment, Fe fertilizer can increase seed and oil yield in HiSun33 cultivar.
M. Heidari, H. Nadeyan, A.m. Bakhshandeh, Kh. Alemisaeid, G. Fathi,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (7-2007)
Abstract
The influence of Nitrogen (N) rates on mineral nutrient uptake in stem and seeds, proline and carbohydrate in flag leaves of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L . Var Chamran) under saline conditions was studied in a field experiment in 2003 and 2004. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised five levels of salinity: 1.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ds/m in main plot and three nitrogen levels: 50 , 100 and 150 kg N/ha in sub plot. Salinity treatments were applied in a clay–loam soil by water with NaCl and CaCl2 (5:1 by wt ). The results showed, the nutrient uptake was influenced by both salinity and N treatments. With the Exception of magnesium in seed, salinity increased nitrogen, calcium and magnesium concentrations in seed and stem in both years. By increasing salinity levels, the concentration of potassium in stem and seed decreased and Sodium concentration increased. In the stem the concentration of Sodium in the 20 ds/m was about 17 and 22 times more in the first and second year, respectively. In these experiments, by increasing salinity and nitrogen treatments, proline concentration in flag leaves increased in the two stages (flowering and milky stages) in both years. Salinity had similar effect on carbohydrate accumulation in both stages, but nitrogen treatment had two different effects on carohydrate concentration. In flowering stage, by increasing nitrogen application, carohydrate concentration increased but in milky stage decreased.
G. Saeidi,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thirteen fertilizer treatments (as main factor) on agronomic traits of two local cultivars (as sub factors) of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), "Mobarakeh" and "Ardestan" in Isfahan by using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that applying fertilizer treatments of N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn had no significant effects on yield components, seed yield and oil yield. However, comparing the control treatment, simultaneous application of all fertilizers significantly reduced days to maturity. Significant interaction between cultivars and fertilizer treatments was observed for seed oil content, as application of N, P, NPK and NPK+Fe+Zn in Mobarakeh and application of N+K in Ardestan reduced seed oil content. However, the other fertilizer treatments had no significant effects on this trait. The Mobarakeh cultivar compared to Ardestan had significantly higher plant height, higher seeds per capsule, lower 1000-seed weight, higher seed yield per plant and per hectare and higher oil yield. Seed yield for Mobarakeh and Ardestan cultivars were 1646 and 1169 kg/ha and their seed oil contents were 52.88% and 53.81%, respectively. The correlation coefficients and regression analysis showed that the variation of seed yield was mostly due to the number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsules, thus these two traits were the most important yield components. Oil yield had a very high correlation coefficient with seed yield (r=0.99**), whereas its correlation with seed oil content was very low (r = -0.10ns). Therefore, it seems that seed yield was the main cause of higher oil yield.
M. R. Tadayon,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of sugar plant effluent on shoot solute percentage, yield components and grain yield of two wheat cultivars, a two year field experiment was conducted on a farm near Eghlid sugar plant during 2004-2005. Treatments consisted of two wheat cultivars (Alamot and Zarin) and two irrigated treatment: irrigation with effluent and irrigation with spring water (control). The statistical design was a completely randomized factorial with three replications. The results showed that under effluent treatment, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium percentage increased in shoot, and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentration decreased. However, effluent treatment had not any significant effect on K, Mg and S concentration. The results showed that N percentages in Alamot and Zarin cultivar under control treatment were 2.41 and 2.54% and under effluent treatment were 3.28 and 3.41%, respectively. P percentages under control treatment were 0.42 and 0.47% and under effluent treatment were 0.46 and 0.51%, respectively. Ca percentages under control treatment were 0.29 and 0.32% and under effluent treatment were 0.46 and 0.51%, respectively. In both years, the lowest number of tiller, number of spike, number of kernel per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and harvest index were obtained from effluent treatment in the two wheat cultivars whereas this reduction was higher in Alamot than Zarin cultivar. In Alvand and Zarin cultivars, the lowest number of tiller per plant with 2.33 and 2.50, number of spike per plant with 1.83 and 1.92, number of kernel per spike with 31.67 and 32.50, grain yield with 5233 and 5532 kg ha-1 and harvest index with 32.03 and 33.53% and water productivity with 0.72 and 0.75 kg m-3 were respectively obtained from effluent treatment compared to control. Thus, the results showed that using sugar plant effluent could decrease grain wheat quality and wheat grain yield.
Sh Ayoubi, F Khormali,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
Understanding distribution of soil properties at the field scale is important for improving agricultural management practices and for assessing the effects of agriculture on environmental quality. Spatial variability within soil occurs naturally due to pedogenic factors as well as land use and management strategies. The variability of soil properties within fields is often described by classical statistical and geostatistical methods. This research was conducted to study what factors control the spatial variability of soil nutrients using an integration of principal component analysis and geostatistics in Appaipally Village, Andra Pradesh, India. 110 soil samples were randomly collected from 0-30 cm and prepared for laboratory analyses. Total N, available P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, S, B, Mn, Fe, Zn were measured using standard methods. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were then performed on raw data. The results of PCA analysis showed that 4 PC's had Eigen-value of more than 1 and explained 71.64 % of total variance. The results of geostatistical analysis revealed that three PC's had isotropic distribution based on surface variogram. Spherical model was fitted to all PC's. Ranges of model were 288 and 393 m for PC1 and PC3 respectively. On the other hand the range for PC2 was significantly different (877m). The most important elements in PC2 such as Fe, Mn, and Zn probably had similar range of effectiveness (700-900m). The comparison of PC's distributions indicated that PC1 and PC3 including total N, available Mg, K, Cu, Ca and P, were in accordance with farming plots dimensions and management practices. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the appropriate fertilizers used by farmers. The pattern of PC2 distribution was not consistent with farmer's plots, but had the best concordance with soil acidity. Therefore, the most correlated elements with this PC including Fe, Mn, and Zn are mainly controlled by soil acidity and not affected by management practices. However, spatial variability of these elements in areas lower than critical values should be considered for site-specific management.
A. Sanaei Ostovar , A.h. Khoshgoftarmanesh , M.h. Mirzapour ,
Volume 14, Issue 54 (1-2011)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate nutritional status and some quality aspects of greenhouse cucumber in Qom province. After selecting 20 greenhouses, concentrations of macro- and micronutrients as well as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soil and plant were measured. In addition, some fruit quality attributes were determined. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in soils were much higher than their critical levels. The mean concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were 12.0, 1.98, and 14.5, respectively. The mean concentration of calcium (Ca) in cucumber leaf was high while in fruit was lower compared to its sufficiency level. Most fruit samples were deficient in K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn. The mean nitrate (336 mg kg-1) and Pb (0.34 mg kg-1) concentrations in cucumber fruits were higher than their acceptable levels. Ascorbic acid concentration of fruits showed positive correlation with Fe concentration. Also, fruit Mg concentration had a positive correlation with the total dissolved solids and negative correlation with fruit moisture content. The results indicated that improper nutrition management in Qom cucumber greenhouses has caused micronutrients deficiencies and high nitrate and Pb concentration, which are important to consumers' health.
M. Ansari Azabadi , H.shirani, H. Dashti, A. Tajabadipur ,
Volume 15, Issue 57 (10-2011)
Abstract
Calcareous and gypsiferous soils are restricting factors for uptake of some plant nutrient elements and plant production. Most soils in Iran are calcareous and gypsiferous. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of calcium carbonate (Caco3) and gypsum effect on availability of some nutrients and corn growth. This study was conducted in a greenhouse at Vli-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. Treatments were arranged in a factorial manner as a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were three levels of Caco3 (0, 20 and 40 g/100g soil), gypsum at three levels (0, 15 and 30 g/100g soil) and two soil textures (Sand and Silt clay loam). Results indicate that irrespective of soil texture, Caco3 application significantly decreased leaf area (by 80% and 15% for sand and silty clay loam texture, respectively), dry weight (by 80% and 15% respectively), plant height (regressed on Caco3 percentage by slopes -0.7 and -0.15 for sand and silty clay loam respectively), and shoot Fe (-9.67 and -11.3) and Zn (-0.24 and -1) uptake, but had no significant effect on shoot Cu uptake. In sandy soil, application of gypsum, significantly decreased leaf area (80%), dry weight (62%), and shoot Cu uptake (slope= -1.93), but had no significant effect on plant height and shoot Zn uptake. Gypsum application significantly reduced shoot Fe uptake (slope= -24.86) in fine textured soil, but it had no significant effect in coarse textured soil.
H. Kheirabad, A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, Z. Khanmohamadi,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (3-2013)
Abstract
Due to soil and plant zinc (Zn) deficiency and its effect on reducing yield and quality of agricultural products, application of Zn fertilizers has been intensified in recent years. To achieve optimum fertilizer management, knowledge of factors affecting Zn availability in soil and its uptake by plant is required. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of certain soil physiochemical properties on Zn availability in soil and its uptake by corn. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with factorial combination and three replicates in the research greenhouse of Isfahan University of Technology, in winter 2009. In this greenhouse experiment, 11 soil series were exposed to two Zn levels (0 and 15 mg Zn kg−1 in the form of zinc sulfate). The results indicated that Zn application significantly increased the dry matter weight and shoot and root Zn concentration of corn, although the magnitude of this increase varied depending on the soil type. There was no significant correlation between the DTPA-extractable Zn and the uptake of this nutrient element by corn. There was a negative significant correlation (P < 0.05) between the equivalent calcium carbonate content and available P with the DTPA-extractable Zn. A significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.31) was found between the buffer capacity of soil for Zn and clay content. According to the results obtained from the stepwise regression analysis, the DTPA-extractable Zn and buffer capacity of soil for Zn were not correlated with other measured soil properties.
M. R. Asgharipour, A. Ghanbari Bonjar, H. Azizmoghadam, A. R. Sirousmehr, M. Heidari,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (3-2013)
Abstract
In this study the effects of irrigation with raw or diluted municipal effluents along with foliar micro-nutrients fertilizer spray were examined on the growth, yield and mineral nutrient in foxtail millet plants. The experimental design was a split-plot with three irrigation sources (namely raw sewage, 50% diluted sewage and well water) as main-treatment and four combinations of Mn and Zn foliar spraying as sub-treatments, which were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted at the Zabol University research farm during 2009. The applied municipal effluents contained higher levels of macro and micro-nutrients than the well water. The experimental results indicated that irrigation of plants by raw or diluted sewage improved the measured growth parameters and productivity of foxtail millet plants. In addition macro and micro-nutrients concentrations were improved. These improvements were attributed to the presence of high levels of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matters in wastewater. Manganese and Zn supplied through sewage water alone were not able to raise the productivity of millet to the level obtained through fertilizers at the recommended level, which indicated that additional nutrients through fertilizers are required to obtain higher productivity of millet under sewage farming. Despite the differences in nutrients concentration among different irrigation water sources, the micro-nutrients foliar spray did not affect concentration of macro and micro-nutrients in foxtail millet plant. Overall, the results suggest that municipal sewage could be efficiently utilized as an important source of water and nutrients in growing foxtail millet Sewage water irrigation did not have any appreciable harmful effect on crop productivity.
M. R. Asgharipour, B. Rahmanian Koshki,
Volume 19, Issue 71 (6-2015)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate phytoavailability of cadmium to lentils after the application of composted animal manures. In a greenhouse experiment, two lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars were grown in the soils applied with different levels of Cd from animal manure compost, and compared with Cd applied as cadmium chloride or their combination. Phytotoxicity of Cd was determined as plant growth, Cd accumulation, and the uptake of macronutrients. Addition of Cd significantly reduced plant growth and plant weight as well as plant water content. Phytotoxicity of Cd applied through manure composts was significantly less than the same rate of Cd amended with soluble CdCl2, suggesting the lower potential hazard of composted manure-applied Cd. Plants accumulated substantial amount of Cd in different plant parts. Most of the Cd taken up was retained in roots, and lentil roots had higher concentrations of Cd than the stem. Phytotoxicity of applied Cd in Ziba was significantly greater than that in Zabol cultivar. Cadmium addition especially as metal salt reduced nutrient concentrations in the shoot, and caused more nutrient accumulation in roots, probably due to the inhibition of their translocation to plant shoots. The results of this experiment point to the fact that the Cd source and loading rate are important factors in evaluation of Cd phytoavailability.
E. Ahmadpoor Dehkordi, M. R. Tadayon, A. Tadayon,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (11-2015)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of urban wastewater and different fertilizer sources on macro and micro nutrients' concentration and shoot dry weight of sugar beet, a field experiment was arranged as a split plot in RCBD design with three replications at Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013. The main factors included irrigation with urban wastewater at 2-4 leaf stage and 8-12 leaf stage, and irrigation with normal water (control). The four types of fertilizer included sheep manure, spent mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer (control) in the sub-plot. The results showed that the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage significantly increased leaf number and shoot dry weight of sugar beet compared to the plot irrigated with tap water. Besides, the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage had a significant effect on the elements of N, P and K concentration in shoot dry weight of sugar beet, but the plot irrigated with urban wastewater did not significantly affect the elements of Fe and Zn concentration. From among the fertilizer treatments, the maximum shoot dry weight and leaf number per plant belonged to the application of sheep manure and also the highest elements of Fe and Zn concentrations belonged to the treatment of spent mushroom compost.
E. Rahimi, P. Tahmasebi, E. Omidzadeh Ardali,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess effect of dung beetles function in the soil water infiltration performance on the part of rangeland of university of Sharekord in the form of a completely randomized design within one year. Therefore, the meshes consisted of both large and small size were used and filled with cattle, sheep and goat dung in six treatments (presence of dwellers, tunellers and absence of roller beetles- presence of dwellers, tunellers and small rollers and absence of large rollers- present of dwellers, rollers and small tunellers and presence of large tunellers- presence of dwellers and small tunellers, absence of large tunellers and rollers- presence of dwellers, tunellers and small rollers, absence of tunellers and large rollers- absence of beetle) with four replications. The soil water infiltration was measured using double ring. The results illustrated that the maximum function of the dung beetles in the soil water infiltration of states with cattle and goat dung application was calculated at the investigated possible treatment of presence of dwellers, presence of large and small tunneler and absence of large roller beetles and, presence of small roller beetles (10.27 and 8.97 cm/hr respectively) and the state with sheep dung application was calculated at the investigated possible treatment of presence of dwellers, absence of large tunellers and presence of small tunellers and also presence of large and small rollers, respectively (7.97 cm/hr). The results of the effect of manure on the total amount of water infiltration in the soil by dung beetles from all treatments showed the greatest amount of water infiltration in the soil, dung beetles were related to performance of dung beetles by removing goat (40.47 cm/hr), cattle (39.77 cm/hr) and sheep (38.07 cm/hr) dung. Functional groups of dung beetles by removing and importing livestock dung to the soil influence the infiltration rates in pastures soils.
M. Najafi-Ghiri, Y. Kiassi, F. Khademi, A. R. Mahmoodi, H. R. Boostani, Dr M. Mokarram, M. J. Gholami,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Little information is available regarding the effect of road on the adjacent vegetation and soil. The current investigation was done to study the effect of Darab-Bandar Abbas road on vegetation, soil properties and nutrient availability of the adjacent soils. For this purpose, eighteen soil samples in three different regions from the roadside and the adjacent land (50m from the road edge) were collected and the vegetation type and density were determined. Soil properties and the availability of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were also determined. Roadside soil had more organic matter and sand contents and less clay content and pH in comparison to the adjacent lands. The mean contents of N, Fe, Zn and Cu available in the roadside soils were 0.13%, 4.2, 3.2 and 0.7 mg kg-1, respectively; these were significantly more than those of the adjacent lands (0.06%, 2.8, 0.6 and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively). Vegetation of roadside was more varied, consisting of Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus fasciculifolius. Vegetation cover in the roadside (13.8%) was significantly more than that of the adjacent lands (8.5%). Generally, it could be concluded that roadside soils had a suitable moisture condition and fertility for the vegetation development and this could be considered in the soil conservation management of the roadside soils.
H. Owliaie, F. Mehmandoost, E. Adhami, R. Naghiha,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The conversion of forests to agricultural lands generally has damaging effects on soil qualitative indices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use change on the physico- chemical and biological characteristics of the soils of Mokhtar Plain, Yasouj Region. Five soil samples (0- 30 cm) were taken from three land uses of dense forest, degraded forest, and dry farming. The physical, chemical and biological analyses were carried out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that by following the change in the forest land use to dry farming, the EC (56%), organic matter (67%), total nitrogen (71%), exchangeable potassium (48%), Basal respiration (42%), exhaled respiration (63%), fungi community (23%), acid phosphatase (59%), and alkaline phosphatase (79%) were decreased in the dry farming land use. However, the bacterial community (20%) and pH (5%) were increased in the dry farming land use and the amount of available phosphorus did not show any significant difference, as compared to the dense forest. In general, it can be concluded that by following forest degradation and change in land use, soil organic matter and its related indices, especially biological ones, are more affected. So, in order to maintain soil quality, appropriate management practices such as managed land use change, avoidance of tree cutting, especially on steep slopes, preventing of overgrazing, and addition of organic matter should be carried out in dry farming land use.
A. Abdollahi, M. Norouzi Masir, M. Taghavi, A. Moezzi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the ways to confront with the micronutrients deficiency is application of Nano materials to increase the availability of elements such as zinc for plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate chemical fertilizer on the zinc chemical forms in soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentrations and uptake in wheat. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatment consisted of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles of Hydroxyl (OH), Carboxyl (COOH) and Amine (NH2), each at three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1), ZnSO4 (40 kg.ha-1) and Control (without using iron oxide nanoparticles). At the end of the cultivation period, soil chemical properties such as pH, soil available zinc and dissolved organic carbon and concentrations and the uptake of zinc in plant were measured. The results showed that pH, available zinc and dissolved organic carbon content of soil solution were significantly affected by the treatments. The results obtained from the Visual MINTEQ Geochemical model showed that the highest amount of the free form of zinc (Zn2+) was obtained at the level of 300 mg.kg-1 of carboxyl iron oxide nanoparticles. Also, the experimental treatments significantly influenced the concentration of Zn-DOM species. The positive and significant correlation between Zn+2 and Zn- DOC species with the concentration and total Zn uptake of wheat indicated that these pools of Zn could be liable species in soil. The results of this study, therefore, showed that the application of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles could help to improve soil conditions in order to increase the zinc availability for plants.
F. Afzalinejad, S. Ghasemi, S. E. Seyfati, Sh. Shahbazi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Today, the use of organic wastes as fertilizers to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil is common. In this study, to investigate the effect of the sewage sludge on the growth and concentration of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in quinoa plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a calcareous soil with electrical conductivity of 13.1 dS m-1. Treatments included three genotypes of quinoa (Red carina, Titicaca, Q29) and three levels of sewage sludge (0, 20 and 40 t ha-1). The results showed that the effects of the quinoa genotype, different levels of sewage sludge and the interaction of treatments on the root dry weight, shoot P concentration and chlorophyll concentration were significant. Also, the sewage sludge had a significant effect on the shoot length, shoot dry weight and shoot nitrogen concentration. By increasing the level of the sewage sludge, root length, shoot length, shoot dry weight and shoot N concentration were increased, on average, by 44.7 %, 48.8%, 42.0% and 46.6%, respectively. Also, application of 40 t ha-1 sewage sludge significantly increased the chlorophyll concentration and shoot P concentration in Q29 and Titicaca genotypes. According to the results of this study, application of sewage sludge can increase the growth of quinoa by improving its nutrition.
S. Shakeri, A. Azadi, M. Saffari,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Determining the relative distribution of each chemical form of the elements and their relationship with the physical, chemical, and clay mineralogical properties of soils can help researchers to achieve the sustainable agricultural management. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemical forms of four micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in some surface and subsurface soils of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province and their relationship with the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the soils. The results showed that the exchangeable and sorbed chemical forms of the studied elements were very low and negligible, but the residual, carbonate, and organic forms had the highest to lowest values of the chemical forms of these elements, respectively. Examination of the correlation of the chemical forms of these elements with soil properties showed the effective correlation of organic carbon values with the Zn chemical forms; also, there was a correlation between clay, silt, cation exchange capacity and calcium carbonate and the chemical forms of Cu, Fe and Mn. The correlation between the quantities of clay minerals and the chemical forms of these elements showed that the amounts of different forms of the studied elements were directly related to 2:1 clay silicate minerals (especially vermiculite). Evaluation of Fe and Mn chemical forms also showed that the amounts of these elements were higher in the soils with developed profiles (Alfisol and Mollisol), the wetter climate and zeric moisture regime rather than in soils with non-developed profiles (Entisols and Inceptisols) and a drier climate and a ustic moisture regime. In general, the results showed that variations of soil forming factors such as climate (as well as the total amount of each micronutrients), could be effective on the chemical forms of micronutrients (especially on Mn and Fe); these can be effective in the management of weakly to highly-developed soils orders.
A. Balvaieh, L. Gholami, F. Shokrian, A, Kavian,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Changes in nutrient concentrations of soil can specify optimal management of manure and prevent environmental and water resources pollution. The present study was conducted with the objective of changing macronutrients concentrations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium with amendments application of polyvinyl acetate, bean residual, and a combination of polyvinyl acetate + bean residual for time periods of one, two, and four months. The results showed that the application of soil amendments had various effects on changing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. The maximum amount of Nitrogen related to the treatment of bean residual at the time period of four months before simulation (with a rate of 44.62 percent) and minimum amount of nitrogen related to Polyvinyl acetate treatment at the time period of one month (with a rate of -1.92 percent). The minimum rate of Phosphorus was measured at the treatment of bean residual at the time period of one month before simulation (with a rate of 0.95 percent). The maximum amount of Potassium related to the treatment of Polyvinyl acetate at the time period of four months before simulation (with a rate of 189.35 percent) and the minimum amount of Potassium related to the combination of bean residual + Polyvinyl acetate at the time period of one month after simulation (with a rate of 40.66 percent). Therefore, the application of amendments has various effects on changing soil macronutrients at different time periods.
