Showing 5 results for Oats
M. Moradi, A. Rezai, A. Arzani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the correlation among grain yield, yield components, duration of vegetative and grain filling periods in twelve oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, from 2001 to 2003. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The correlation coefficients among the grain yield/m2, fertile tiller/m2, grain number/panicle and the duration of grain filling period were positive and significant. Among yield components, the number of panicle/m2 and the number of grain/panicle had the largest direct effects on grain yield (0.68 and 0.30, respectively). Furthermore, the duration of the grain filling period had the highest direct effect on the number of grain/panicle and the grain weight (0.82 and 0.80, respectively), which were greater than its correlations with the number of grain per panicle (0.42) and 1000-grain weight (0.35). However, its negative indirect effects through other traits reduced the correlation coefficients. The results of path analysis indicated that the number of panicle/m2 and the number of grain/panicle had the largest direct effects on the grain yield. Considering the direct effects of grain filling duration on the number of grain/panicle and the 1000-grain weight, and also the fact that most of the dry matter in oat is produced in this period, it seems plausible to use these traits as a selection criterion in breeding programs for higher yields of cultivars of oat.
G. Mohammadinejad, A. M. Rezai,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
In this study, the an AMMI analysis (additive the main effects and the multiplicative interaction effects) was used to evaluate the yield stability of nine oats genotypes (4 Canadian cultivars and 5 Turkish breeding lines) and Makoi barley (as ckeck) in the 6 environments (3 dates of planting of Oct.12, Oct.31 and Nov.21 and 3 sowing densities of 300, 375 and 450 seeds/m2). The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2001. For each environments, a randomized complete block design with the 3 replications was used. According to the results obtained, the main effects of genotypes, environment and genotype X environment interaction effects were statistically significant (p<0.0 1) and 70% of sum of squares was explained by the first two interaction principal components (IPCI). Biplots of genotypic and environmental components of the first and second interaction principal components and the mean yields of the genotypes and environments, pattern analysis of the two significant and also stability statistics of AMMI model (EV2 & SIPC2) revealed that Boyer and Line No. 28 were the most stable genotypes. Boyer had the lowest IPC1 and Pacer and Lines No.2 and 17 were the least stable genotypes with specific adaptation to sowing density of 300 seed/m2. Lines No.32 and 28 indicated the specific adaptions to first planting date (Oct.12) Makoi and Pacer had the specific adaptation to second and third planting date and the second sowing density.
A. Aghaei, J. Pourreza, A. Pourreza, A. Samee,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of substitution of the different levels (0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of oat grains for the corn with and without enzyme supplementation (β -Glucanase. 0.0 and 1%) on the performance of the broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty (480) Arian broiler chicks were employed in a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications (16 chickens for each replicate) from 1-56 days of age. The chicks fed with 10 percent of oats in the diets, supplemented with enzyme, had significantly higher BW than other treatments. While with 40 % oat in diet body weight were significantly decreased. The feed conversion increased with increasing of the oats levels and the enzyme supplementation resulted in lower feed conversion. With increasing oats in the diet, the percentage of carcass weight decreased, but the pancreas weight increased significantly. Conversely, the enzyme supplementation resulted an increase in carcass weight and reduction in the pancreas weight. The percentage of the tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were unsignificaulty decreased with the increasing of the oat but enzyme lementation resulted an increase in tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus. In the areas where the corn production is limited, including 30 percent of the oats supplemented with enzyme in the diet of the broiler chicks can be beneficial.
G. Mohammadi Nejad, A. M. Rezai,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
This research was conducted at Rsearch Farm of Isfahan University of Technology to evaluate yield stability of 9 Oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes and Makooi barley, to determine the contribution of each environmental factor to genotype × environment interaction, and to find the most stable yield component in these genotypes. Four Canadian cultivars and 5 Turkish breeding lines were included in this experiment. Three dates of planting (12 Oct. 31 Oct. and 21 Nov.) and three sowing rates (300, 375 and 450 seed m2) were used as 6 environments. In each environment a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications was used. Grain yield, No. of panicle/m2, No. of seed/ panicle, and 1000-grain weight were measured. Result of combined analysis of variance showed highly significant (P < 0.01) difference among genotypes for all the studied traits. Significante differences were observed among environments for all the characteristics except for 1000-grain weight. Grain yield and its components showed highly significant genotype × environment interaction ffects. The ratio of genotype × environment interaction sum of square to total sum of square for grain yield (22.37%) was higher than other traits. Stability analysis based on regression coefficient showed that Boyer cultivar and Line No.28 with nearly b=1 and more than average yields were the most stable genotypes. Pacer cultivar and Makooi Barley had specific adaptations with suitable and unsuitable environments, respcctively. Based on deviation mean square, Boyer cultivar was the most stable one among high yielding genotypes. Tai’s path analysis of genotype × environment interaction showed that V3 genotypic component (Seed weight) was the most effective component of stability and yield. Boyer with the highest V3 score was the highest yielding and stable genotype. According to environmtntal component of path analysis, fertilization stage and grain filling period were the most sensitive growth stages to environmental conditions. Therefor, it is not effective to evaluate genotype stability according to V2 component (seed/panicle). Finally, according to the result of this experiment Boyer with grain yield of 5.8 t/ha and stable response in all environments was selected as a suitable cultivar for breeding programs or introduction for commertial production.
M. Moradi, A.m. Rezai, A. Arzani,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic improvement of grain yield and other traits in cultivars released in different years is useful to determine plant breeding impact on grain yield improvement, to define future selection criteria and to identify the desirable environment and traits for further assessment. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic improvement for grain yield and other traits of twelve oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars released in Canada during 1921- 1997, at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, during 2001-3 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The regression of mean grain yield on released year of the cultivars showed that the rate of increase in grain yield during a 76-year period is 32.63 kg h-1 year-1 or 0.63% per year. Breeding programmes have inereased harvest index, grain number per panicle and fertile tillers /m2. The effort of breeders in this period was to decrease plant height and days to heading. The other traits had small changes and showed no specific trends. In general the results of this study showed continous improvement of grain yield in this period. Genetic improvement of grain yield in evaluated cultivars closely correlated with harvest index. Therefore, most variation in grain yield of oats was due to variation in harvest index. Although much of the improvement in grain yield described here could be attributed to the increased harvest index, the scope for further improvement in this character may be limited. Further yield improvement of oats might be achieved by combining high biological yield with high harvest index.
