JWSS - Journal of Water and Soil Science

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In this study, an experiment was carried out to determine the effects of 6 culture media (sand, perlite, vermiculite, Sand + Perlite, Sand + Vermiculite, Vermiculite + Perlite) on the rooting of single-bud cuttings of seven grape cultivars (Rishbaba, Hosseiny, Dashgarah, Ghiziluzum, Teberzeh, Bidaneh Sefid, Sahebi). All the cuttings were prepared from one-year old branches. Statistical analyses of the data obtained from the examination of the roots revealed significant discrepancies in the rooting of different cultivars' cuttings, media and media-cultivar interactions in terms of rooting percentage, fresh weight of roots and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of roots. The highest rooting performance in terms of the above parameters was observed in Hosseiny cultivar while the lowest obtained in Teberzeh cultivar. Vermiculite and perlite + Vermiculite were found to be the most suitable media for rooting of cuttings. According to the media-cultivar interactions, high rooting of Hosseiny, Dashgarah, and Ghiziluzum was observed in vermiculite and high rooting of Rishbaba, Teberzeh, Bidaneh Sefid and Sahebi was obtained in perlite + vermiculite.

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The effects of four levels of SO₂ (0.0%, 0.06%, 0.125% and 0.25%) on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of two Persian grape cultivars “Keshmeshi seedless” and “Shahroudy” were evaluated during the cold storage in 1995-1997. This research was carried out in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in cold storage at the laboratory of Horticultural Department, College of Agriculture, Tehran University.

The results showed that the effect of SO₂ on decay was significant at 1%, and maximum control was obtained at 0.25%. No significant difference was observed when treated with 0.125% SO₂ However, increasing SO₂ concentration resulted in increased quantity and intensity of bleaching on the berries. At these increased concentrations, a linear relation was observed between bleaching on the berries and SO₂ concentration so that the highest bleaching occurred at a concentration of 0.25%. Increased storage periods also increased bleaching. The effect of SO₂ on weight loss, shattering, and rachis colour was also significant, decreasing rachis colour and shattering of berries.

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In a pot experiment, the growth (Dry matter) responses of 18 rapeseed varieties to three levels of NaCl salinity induced by 1.2, 6, and 12 dS.m^-1 were investigated using a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The results indicated that salinity reduced total dry matter, Na concentration, K/Na ratio, ion selectivity of K versus Na, and leaf water potential while it increased K concentration. However, the leaf water potential of the plants had the highest and a significantly negative correlation with total dry matter accumulation. Therefore, it seemed that leaf water content of the plants could explain the tolerance or sensitivity responses to salinity. The rapeseed varieties were accordingly ranked into different groups. The varieties viz, Alice, Fonax, DP.94.8 and Licord were classified as saline tolerant group, and varieties such as Okapi, Akamar and Eurol as saline sensitive group. The remaining eight rapeseed varieties were moderately tolerant. Moreover, the response of rapeseed varieties viz. Consul, VDH8003-98 and Orient were different such that the above explanation could not be applied to them. Therefore, halophytic strategies for these three varieties might be worth further investigation.

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Populations of Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola is increasing in Isfahan vineyards. In this study, some morphological characteristics of the immature stages, over wintering sites, number of generations per year, and seasonal population fluctuations of this pest were studied in vineyards in Isfahan Province. Eggs showed apparently four distinct embryonic developmental stages. At 25.8 ±2˚C, development of eggs was completed in 10.9 ± 0.7 days. There were five nymphal developmental stages. Nymphal stages can be distinguished with wing pad development and width of head capsule and width of pronotum. The grape leafhopper overwintered as adults under leaves and crop residues. Rearing studies showed that the grape leafhopper had three generations per year, each lasting 33.9±0.6 (without overwintering period), 46.3±0.7 and 37.3±0.6 days, respectively. Seasonal monitoring of adults, nymphs and eggs showed three or four overlapping periods of activity in the field. Four periods of activities of adults were recorded through season from early May – mid June, mid June – mid July, mid July - late August and early September – mid October.

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Two hundred Arian broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of contents of dietary glucosinolates on performance of broiler chicks during starter (0-21 days of age) and grower periods (22-42 days of age) in a completely randomized design. The dietary glucosinolates contents in the starter period were 0 (S₁), 7.5 (S₂), 15 (S₃), 22.5 (S₄), 30 (S₅) µmol/g and in the grower period they were 0 (G₁), 5.7 (G₂), 11.4 (G₃), 17.1 (G₄), 22.8 (G₅) µmol/g. Feed intake during the grower period was affected (P<0.05) by different levels of glucosinolates in the diets and the lowest feed intake was observed in the G₅ treatment. The lowest body weight gains were observed in the S₅ and G₅ treatments during the starter and grower periods, respectively (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the S₅ treatment for the starter and the G₅ treatment for the grower period were significantly different (P<0.05) from other treatments. The correlation between the body weight gain and level of dietary glucosinolates or glucosinolate consumption was high during the starter (r = -95.3% and -94.7%, respectively) and relatively high (r = -69.5% and -72.4%, respectively) during the grower period. This experiment showed that the amount of glucosinolates in the diets of broiler chicks for the periods of starter and grower feeding system should not be more than 11.36 and 8.11µmol/g diet, respectively. Also during the starter and grower feeding periods, the highest level of rapeseed meal could be used in the broiler diets are 13 and 8 percent, respectively.

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A 2-year vineyard survey failed to the provide evidence that Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. survived winter as mycelium in dormant infected buds in Khorassan province. Ascospores of U. necator, were collected by a volumetric spore trap operating constantly in a vineyard for 55 days after the bud burst. The first powdery mildew colonies were consistently found on the leaves of the shoots (7.30 cm long) growing on the vine. Cleistothecia were found on all plant parts infected during the previous growing season. More than 35-45 % of the cleistothecia borne on the leaves and stems died during winter. Most of the ascospore discharge occurred between the bud burst and the blooming time. Ascospores were periodically released from cleistothecia on the leaves kept in vineyard from October to May, while the ascospores germinating on the glass slides germinated from October to January and then germination slowed down to zero in early March and the water content potential of ascospore cytoplasm decreased constantly during this period as well. The mass required to fracture the ascocarp wall during maturation was measured to be approximately 5g in autumn, 3g in winter and 2.5 g in early spring. The most rapid decrease in the strength of the ascocarp wall occurred during a 4-week period before dehiscence in the field. The effect of the pathogenic property ascospores on healthy leaves demonstrated their role as a primary inoculum source. Cleistothecia appear to be the principal means of overwintering of U. necator in Khorassan province vineyards.

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^خTo reduce the construction costs of stilling basins of hydraulic jump type is sometimes, novel geometries are sometimes used to adopt the basin to the upstream and downstream sections without any transition structures. Otherwise, any changes in the geometry of the basin would cause changes in the conditions and characteristics of the hydraulic jump. In this study, the effects of variation in both the side slopes and the diverging angle of a gradually expanding stilling basin with trapezoidal section on the jump condition were experimentally investigated. The experimental tests were conducted in a specially designed model for a wide range of side slopes and longitudinal divergences of the basin walls. The important parameters of the jump, such as the length, sequent depth and the rate of energy loss were computed and compared to those in the normal jumps. Tests were conducted for three different side slopes (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1) and four diverging angle (3^o , 5 ^o, 7^o, 9^o) with the straight jump in the rectangular section and in the wide scope of decsent numbers (from 3 to 9). The results indicate that any decrease in the side wall slopes for a particular angle of divergence would cause a reduction in the sequent depth and an increase in the jump length and energy loss compared to the rectangular section on the same angle of divergence. It is also found that the longitudinal divergence of the side walls for a particular side slope will increase the stability of the jump within the stilling basin. It will also cause a reduction in the sequent depth and the jump length as well as an increase in energy loss of the jump, when compared to the straight jumps in either rectangular or trapezoidal sections.

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Some bioecological aspects of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola, including: the egg distribution under the leaf surface, eggs and nymphs spatial distribution on the vine arms, the adult distribution on three strata of the vine canopy, the adult diel activities and the geographical distribution of this species in Isfahan province were studied. Samplings were done in the 1997. The egg distribution under the leaf surface was determined by repeated sampling during the season and the egg density was estimated on three regions such as the main and secondary vein, the leaf surface margins and others. Eggs and nymphs spatial distribution along the vine arms were studied weekly for six weeks by sampling an arm of five vines during the second generation, the leafhopper population was the highest. The adult spatial distribution on the vine canopy was determined by sampling three strata of the vine canopy using the D-vac apparatus. Diel activities were studied by sweeping nets fifty times per vineyard at the two hour intervals from 8 a.m. to 20 p.m. Temperature and the relative humidity were also measured in the shade once per hour. The presence and the abundance of this species in 87 vineyards in the different climatic conditions were studied by a sweeping net. The leaf margin and around of the secondary vein were preferred for the oviposition of the leafhopper. Adults, nymphs and eggs were more abundant in the middle strata of the vine canopy than others. The mean pattern of the daily activity of the adult indicated one peak at 8 a.m. and the other one at 20 p.m. Maximum temperature thereshold for the adult activities was 28º C. The study of the grape leafhopper distribution in isfahan province indicated that this species was distributed in the most vineyards, but was highly abundant in more humid conditions.

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In 1997, in two vineyards of Isfahan university of technology and Zobeahan in Isfahan, the density fluctuations of Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola and their injury symptoms were studied. In each vineyard three leaves of each of ten randomly selected vines were sampled weekly. Nymphs in different instars were counted directly and rate of injury symptom (leaf discoloration) was determined with planimeter. Special cages were used to determine rate of injury symptom for each nymphal instar in comparison to each other. Rate of injury symptoms and nymphal density indicated two peaks through growing season until harvest. Tolerance threshold for A. kermanshah nymphs was determined 80 first instar nymphal days or presence of 11-12 first instar nymphs and feeding for seven days. With increase of nymph densities, damage symptom increased rapidly.

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To investigate the effects of different irrigation levels on yield and oil content of rapeseed, and to determine the irrigation requirement and irrigation scheduling, an experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of four irrigation treatments replicated 3 times, was conducted in Zarghan Agric. Expt. Station during the years of 2000-2003. The treatments were based on the cumulative evaporation values of 50, 75,100 and 125 mm from class A pan (T₅₀, T₇₅, T₁₀₀ and T₁₂₅). The depth of water for each treatment was determined according to the deficit of field capacity and soil moisture content before irrigation. In the three years of experiment, the cultivars: Okapi, Orient and Likord were cultivated and the annual data related to yield and seed oil contents of each cultivar was analyzed separately. In the first year of experiment, the effect of different treatments on yield of Okapi cultivar was not significant, but the maximum and minimum yields were obtained at the T₇₅ and T₁₀₀ treatments equal to 2678 and 2050 kg ha^-1, respectively. The effect of different treatments on seed oil content was significant at the level of 5 %, and the maximum and minimum seed oil contents were obtained at the T₁₀₀ and T₇₅ treatments equal to 42.50 and 41.66 %, respectively. In the second year of experiment, the effect of different treatments on the yield of Orient cultivar was significant at the level of 5 %, and the maximum and minimum yields were obtained at the T₅₀ and T₁₂₅ treatments equal to 3133 and 2133 kg ha^-1, respectively. The effect of different treatments on seed oil content was significant at the level of 5 %, and the maximum and minimum seed oil contents were obtained at the T₇₅ and T₅₀ treatments equal to 46.38 and 44.82 %, respectively. In the third year of experiment, the effect of different treatments on the yield of Likord cultivar was significant at the level of 5 %, and the maximum and minimum yields were obtained at the T₅₀ and T₁₂₅ treatments equal to 3667 and 2250 kg ha^-1, respectively. The effect of different treatments on seed oil content was significant at the level of 1 %, and the maximum and minimum seed oil contents were obtained at the T₅₀ and T₁₂₅ treatments equal to 47.63 and 44.60 %, respectively. Also, the best irrigation frequency for the three rapeseed cultivars in the Zarghan area was obtained equal to 10 to 12 days.

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Rape seed (Brassica napus L.) containing more than 40 per cent oil is one of the best oilseeds for cultivation in Iran. Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the important diseases of the rape seed, the causal agent being Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the disease on the quantity and quality of the extracted oil and remaining foodstuff in a field experiment. In this research three cultivars including Okapi, SLM046 and Talayeh were examined under field conditions using a factorial design (cultivars and inoculations were two factors under study). The cultivars were inoculated with SK₄ isolate of S. sclerotiorum. The inoculation was done on the plant stems at 30 cm height above the soil using Lewartosca method during mid flowering stage. One thousand- seed weight and glucosinolate, erucic and oleic fatty acids contents of the seeds were determind after the harvest. The results indicated that the infected plants in comparision with the controls had a lower 1000- seed weight and oleic acid content and a higher glucosinolates and erucic acid contents. There were significant differences among the genotypes in respect to all the studied traits except 1000- seed weight. Inverse correlation was observed between 1000- seed weight and erucic acid content or oil glucosinolates contents. It was concluded that the disease can reduce quantity and quality of seed oil and other nutrient contents.

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In this paper, the effect of irrigation water salinity levels on seed germination, dry matter weight of seedlings at eight-leave stage, and the salt tolerance of 8 rapeseed cultivars was investigated. Relative yield reduction in saline and non saline conditions, salt sensitivity index and Van Genuchten-Hoffman methods were used to determine the salt tolerance of the cultivars. Results showed that the effect of different salt levels, cultivars and their interactions on germination and dry matter weight of seedlings was significant at 0.01(the higher the salt level, the lower the germination and dry matter). Also, using the Van Genuchten-Hoffman method, the irrigation water salinity corresponding to 10%, 25%, 50% and 90% reducts in germination and dry matter of seedlings were determined. Statistical analysis showed that a single cultivar gives different responses to salinity during growth stages and it may be tolerant in one stage, but sensitive to salinity in another growth stage. In this research, ACSN1, Falcon, and Shirali in germination stage and ACSN1, Falcon, and Cobra in seedling growth stage were salt tolerant. The three cultivars Oyerka, Global, and Ceres and the next three Shirali, Global, and Oyerka were sensitive to salinity in germination and seedling growth stages, respectively. Finally, the ACSN1 and Falcon cultivars were introduced as salt tolerant, and Oyerka and Global were considered as salt sensitive.

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A total of 25 advanced rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties were evaluated under cold weather conditions using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with four replications in Dr. Nakhjavani Agricultural Research Station, 35 km North-East of Urmia the capital of West Azerbaijan province in 2000-2001. The results showed significant differences among the varieties (P ≥ 0.01) for all the phenological stages including days to germination, days to rosette completion, days to initiation of stem elongation, days to flowering initiation, pod formation stage and days to maturity. The spring varieties Sarigol (PF7045/91), Hyola 42 and SYN1 and autumnal varieties Alice, Eurol, Fornax, VDH 8003-98, Consul, Licord and Zarfam (Regent× Cobra), showed early maturity. On the other hand, Mohican, Olara, Colvert, L-1 and Akamar were late mature varieties. In fact, the most prolific varieties, DP.94.8, Zarfam (Regent ×Cobra) Cocktail, Consul and SLM046 (control variety) had the highest ability survive in the cold conditions and they completed their rosette stage sooner than the other varieties. There was positive and significant correlation between duration of pod formation stage and seed yield. Maturity date of varieties was positively and significantly correlated with harvest index, number of seed per pod, days to germination, days to rosette completion, days to stem elongation, days to flowering, and days to pod formation. Negative and significant correlations were found between days to maturity and duration of flowering and pod formation stages. It can be concluded that delay in initiation or completion of each growth stages could delay maturity of the rapeseed varieties.

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In order to study the effects of salinity on germination, vegetative growth and some physiological characteristics of canola cultivars, two experiments were conducted at Research Station of Agricultural College of University of Kerman in 2004. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with four replications. Treatments comprised all combinations of different levels of three factors including variety (Kobra × Regent, Ceres and Okapi), salt type (NaCl, CaCl₂) and electrical conductivity of saline solution (0, 4, 8, 12 dS/m). Results of variance analysis showed that salinity has a very significant effect on germination percentage, germination homogeneity, germination rate, rootlet and polomul length at the end of the germination stage. Shoot length, dry weight, diameter and number of nodes per shoot were significantly affected also by salinity at vegetative growth. Regarding the two types of salt, none of the measured traits were significantly different. All the mentioned traits decreased with increasing salinity the highest and the lowest values were recorded at control and at 12 dS/m salinity levels. Membrane ion leakage was the only trait which increased significantly. Comparison of means showed germination percentage and germination homogeneity at germination stage and the number of nodes at vegetative growth stage were affected less than other traits by salinity, and they only decreased significantly with increasing salinity to 12dS/m. The effect of cultivar on these traits was also significant (P<0.001). In both growth stages, cultivars response to salinity was different. At germination stage, Ceres and Kobra * Regent cultivars were the most sensitive and tolerant ones in terms of all traits and there was no significant difference between Okapi and Kobra *Regent. At vegetative growth stage, however, Okapi showed less growth than Kobra * Regent and their difference was significant. It seems that evaluation of traits response at germination stage can not be effective to determine salt tolerance of canola cultivars.

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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the oilseed crops in the temperate regions and is adapted to different climate conditions. This crop can have an important role in production of vegetable oil, and providing appropriate soil fertility can increase its seed and oil yield. In order to investigate the effect of N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn on seed yield and other agronomic traits of rapeseed, an experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2006. The experiment was arranged as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in which eleven fertilizer treatments and two cultivars of rapeseed (Ocapi and Zarfam) were considered as the main and sub factors, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant effect of fertilizers on days to maturity, but application of NPK+Fe significantly increased the plant height in both cultivars. The fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on the number of pods per plant and seeds per pod. The interaction effects indicated that application of N, P, K, NP and NK significantly increased 1000-seed weight in Ocapi cultivar however NPK+Fe significantly decreased 1000-seed weight and non significantly increased seeds per pod in Zarfam cultivar. Application of N, NPK and NPK+Fe increased the seed yield by 13, 7 and 43%, respectively. Averaged over two cultivars, N significantly increased seed oil content, but significant interaction between fertilizers treatments and cultivars indicated that application of K and NP significantly reduced the seed oil content in Zarfam cultivar. Fertilizer treatments of N, NPK and NPK+Fe had higher effects on seed oil content and oil yield and means of these traits for fertilizer treatments of control, N, NPK and NPK+Fe were 39.7, 41.7, 39.4 and 39.8%, and 681.1, 816.4, 730.2 and 983.3 kg/ha, respectively which indicate that N and Fe increased the seed and oil yield in both cultivars. However, the application of Zn and Mn had no significant effect on seed yield and seed oil content. In this study, the variation of seed yield and oil yield was mainly due to the variation of number of pods per plant and seed yield, respectively. In conclusion, it seems that in soil and climatic conditions like this experiment, application of N and Fe can be economically important and increase the seed and oil yield in rapeseed.

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The aim of the study was to examine the effect of CaCl₂ on the firmness and post harvest retention of Berry Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Askari. The experiment was carried out in 2006 in vineyard in the Sisakht region in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments. Experiment includes two parts: 1- spray with 3 levels 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 %. (Two weeks before harvest and repeated one day before harvest) and 2- Dipping clusters in CaCl2 solution with 3 levels 1, 2.5 and 5 % post harvest. Grapes were stored at 0ºc for 1 month in cold store room. Results showed that the effect of CaCl₂ was significant on post harvest abscission berries percentage at 1% level. Minimum post harvest abscission of berries percentage was observed using 5% dipping and 0.25% spray after 30 days storage in cold storage room. Highest abscission of berries was observed in control. Effect of CaCl₂ on decay berry was significant at 1% level after 30 days of storage. Minimum decay percentage was observed in 0.25 % spray and the highest decay percentage was obtained in control. Effect of CaCl₂ on palatability (TSS/TA) was significant at 1%level.

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To study relationship between grain yield and important agronomic traits of rapeseed in paddy fields as second culture, fourteen varieties of spring rapeseed were grown in a randomized complete block design of experiment with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, during 2005-2006. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between varieties for most of traits. Broad sense heritability ranged from 0.29 for pod length to 0.99 for days to maturity. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation for days to maturity and the number of pods in secondary branches were the lowest and highest, respectively. Moreover, genetic advance with 5% of selection intensity varied from 3.68% (0.25 cm) for pod length in main branch to 31.48% (915.58 Kg.ha^-1) for grain yield. Results from genotypic correlation coefficients demonstrated that there were positive significant correlations between grain yield and the number of secondary branches, the number of pod in main and secondary branches, pod length in secondary branches, pod diameter in main and secondary branches, 1000-grain weight and oil percentage, and negative significant correlations between grain yield and days to 90% of flowering and days to maturity. Path analysis on genotypic correlations for grain yield as a dependent variable and the other traits as independent variables showed that the 1000-grain weight and the number of pods in secondary branches had the highest direct effects and days to 90% of flowering had low and negative direct effect on grain yield. Therefore, indirect selection for increasing 1000-grain weight and the number of pods in secondary branches are recommended for improving grain yield in rapeseed as second culture in paddy fields.

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To study the effects of different combinations of auxin (IBA, NAA) and cytokinin (BAP, TDZ) regulators, basal salts (MS, WPM, NN) and gelling agents (Gelrite and Plant Agar) on the growth and development of seedless grape explants (cv. Bidaneh Soltani), a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design. The number and length of grown shoots were analyzed as two main characteristics. Growth regulators and salts had significant effects (at %1) on the shoot proliferation. The highest number of shoots was observed on MS salts combined with BAP (2.2 mg/l) and IBA (0.5 mg/l) on the 18th days of culture. Compared to Plant Agar, Gelrite had a better effect on the normal growth of the shoots. Based on the new shoots, combinations of MS salts and hormones may be used for micropropagation of seedless grape cultivars in the in vitro condition.

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Resveratrol (5,3,4'- trihyroxystilbene) is a valuable polyphenolic compound which prevents cancer, heart and vascular diseases in human. In this research, the compound was extracted from leaf and fruit tissues of two Iranian grape cultivars (Rajabie Sefide Shiraz and Keshmeshie Ghermez) using a general extraction method with some modification, and analyzed quantitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Resveratrol content in leaf and fruit of Rajabie Sefide Shiraz cultivar was higher than Keshmeshie Ghermez and its amount in the fruits of both cultivars was observed to be greater than their leaves. The accumulation of Resveratrol at the early stage of fruit growth (4 weeks after full bloom) was higher than the subsequent stages of fruit growth and development (8 weeks after full bloom and ripened fruit) in both cultivars. This compound gradually decreased from the beginning of fruit set to the complete stage of growth and development and reached the lowest level when the fruits were ripe. Leaves and fruits of both cultivars were treated with methyl jasmonate (1 mM), then the rate of resveratrol was measured after treatments. It was observed that the amount of this compound was significantly increased in treated samples when compared with the control however, the difference diminished later. The fruits of both cultivars responded better to the treatments 4 weeks after full bloom.

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Seedlessness is the most important characteristic of fruit quality for raisin and table grapes. Grape breeding at University of Tehran, Karaj branch, Iran started in 1999 with crossing some selected seedless and seeded cultivars at the end of evaluation of 90 cultivars in grapevine collection of College of Agriculture in Karaj. Out of 1400 progeny obtained from 26 different crosses, 381 of them which produced fruits were evaluated during growing seasons of 2006 & 2007. Progenies were divided into four groups of completely seedless, semi-seedless, semi-seeded and completely seeded, according to seed trace or seed weight. Results classified progeny to 11% completely seedless, 13.6% semi-seedless, 24% semi seeded and 51.2% completely seeded. Percentages of seedless progeny for four male parents of Askary, Yaghooti, Bidane Sefid and Bidane Ghermez were 15.4%, 10.8%, 9.3% and 10.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, percentages of seedless progeny for female parents of Muscut of Hamburg, Ghezel Uzum, Dizmary, Rajabi Sefied, Ali Baba, Alhaghi Ghermez and Tabariz were 5.4%, 5%, 17.5%, 13.2 %, 1.4%, zero and 36%, respectively. Results also showed that among male parents, Yaghooti and Bidane Ghermez cultivars and among female parents, Tabarze cultivar had better backgrounds to transmit stenospermocarpic seedlessness characteristics.