JWSS - Journal of Water and Soil Science

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In order to study fungi associated with seeds of sainfoin, several seed samples of sainfoin were collected from Isfahan, Ardabil, Zanjan and eastern Azerbaijan provinces, Iran. Seed lots, only half of which were surface sterilized, were allowed to grow on PDA, SMA, MA, sterilized wet paper and drenched sands. The dishes containing seeds were incubated at 25°C with alternate cycles of 12-hour fluorescent light. After seven days, fungi growing from the seeds were transferred to the selective media and subjected to morphological studies. Single spore or hyphal tips from these transfers were the basis for all identification procedures. The most prevalent fungi associated with sainfoin seed were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus, although Ulocladium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Nigrospora, Stemphylium, Trichothecium and Botrytis were also isolated in low incidence from these seed lots. The isolates of Uromyces and Oidiopsis were also obtained when the seed samples were examined by washing method.

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Methods of seedbed preparation affect establishment, growth and yield of crops via manipulating physical and chemical properties of soil. These effects on wheat-mungbean double-cropping have not been studied in Isfahan. Therefore, the influences of various seedbed preparation methods on soil physical properties and nutrients content and on establishment of mungbean (experimental line 1-61-16) were studied in a wheat-mungbean double-cropping system during 1996 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology. Two residue management treatments (burned and unburned) along with four tillage systems (moldboard plow, disk, khishchee and no-till) were laid out in a strip plot design within a randomized complete block design with four replications. Bulk density and penetrability of soil at various depths were not affected by residue management at emergence. However, at the time of flowering, bulk density at 0-15 cm soil depth was lower and soil penetrability at 3-15 cm depth was higher in unburned treatment due to mineralization. Rate and coefficient of emergence of seeds were lower in unburned residue treatment. Soil bulk density at 0-30 cm depths was lower and penetrability at 3-21 cm depth was higher with moldboard plowing at both emergence and flowering time. In addition, lower soil N, P and K content at 0-15 cm depth at emergence and flowering time was obtained with moldboard plowing. Rate and coefficient of emergence were strongly lower in no-till treatment. Based on these results and considering sustainable agricultural goals, incorporating residue with disk tillage might be advantageous under conditions similar to this experiment.

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Effect of different sources of fat on performance of broiler chicks was studied. Three hundred and thirty six chicks were divided into 42 groups of 8 chicks per group. Seven isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets, mainly based on corn and soybean meal were prepared and fed. These treatments were as follows: corn + soybean meal + (5% tallow, 5% cotton seed crude oil, 5% cotton seed soapstock, 2.5% tallow + 2.5% crude oil, 2.5% tallow + 2.5% soapstock, or 2.5% crude oil + 2.5% soapstock). One control diet without any source of fat was also included. Results showed that average feed intake of diets with different sources of fat up to 56 days old, was not differed from control group. Different sources of fat and their combinations increased weight gain and improved feed conversion. But soapstock had no effect on performance. Added fats increased abdominal fat of chickens. Therefore, if is concluded that on the contrary to soapstock, tallow and crude oil enhanced performance of broiler chickens.

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Limited time for crop residue decomposition and complete seedbed preparation in double-cropping necessitates reduced tillage which is associated with its shortcomings. Information about seedbed preparation aspects in double-cropping of wheat and mungbean in Isfahan is lacking. For this reason, the effects of various seedbed preparation methods on growth, seed yield and yield components of mungbean (experimental line 1-61-16) were studied in a wheat-mungbean double-cropping system during 1996 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology. Two residue management treatments (burned and nonburned) along with four tillage systems: moldboard plow, disk, khischee and no-till were laid out in a strip plot design within a randomized complete block design with four replications. Improved establishment and plant growth conditions associated with burning residue treatment significantly increased plant density, above ground plant weight, number of nodes per branch, plant height, number of pods per main stem and per square meter, number of seeds per pod on main stem and on branches, number of seeds per main stem, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. Higher plant density in this treatment resulted in significant reduction in the number of branches and number of pods per branch. Desirable conditions for establishment and growth in disk and moldboard plow treatments significantly increased plant density, above ground plant weight, number of pods per main stem and per square meter, number of seeds per pod on main stem and on branches, number of seeds per main stem, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. No-till treatment produced the least results in respect to the above traits. The results indicated that burning residues with disk tillage system might be an appropriate seedbed preparation method under conditions similar to this experiment.

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Variability of seed storage protein electrophoretic patterns revealed by SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their possible relations with some morphological and phenological characteristics were studied using 193 accessions from Iran Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Collection. Seed protein electrophoresis revealed six different patterns that were different in two albumin and four globulin subunits with molecular weights of 23500-34000. Pattern types 1 and 2 had a considerable frequency but pattern types 3, 4, 5 and 6 had low frequencies and probably had developed recently in mungbean evolution process. Cluster analysis of countries and cities using the frequencies of albumin and globulin subunits showed no relation between geographical diversity and similarity distances. The correlations of morphological traits and albumin and globulin subunits indicated a relationship between G1 and G2 subunits with 1000 seed weight and days to beginning of maturity. Therefore, selection based on protein patterns at preliminary stages of breeding programs might be effective in increasing seed yield together with earliness.

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In 1996 and 1997 pistachio orchards in Isfahan Province were surveyed to determine the presence and damage levels by Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya and Megastigmus pistacia Walker. In order to investigate seasonal population fluctuation of E. plotnikovi, larval, pupal and adult stages were monitored in three orchards. In each orchard, 200 nuts with more than 50% infestation to overwintering larvae were dissected and examined twice weekly. In 1997 in one orchard, at intervals of one week, 100 randomly selected fresh nuts were examined to determine oviposition trend and damage development. In this field, the biology of the pest was also compared to developmental stages of pistachio trees. In most orchards visited, E. plonikovi was present and was the dominant species in relation to M. pistacia and its damage varied between 0.8-75%. In 1997, start, peak, and end of pupal stage were observed on April 4th, May 7th and May 21st. Start, peak and end of adult emergence occurred on May 4th, May 18th and June 4th. In two other orchards, almost a similar trend was observed. Start, peak and end of oviposition were also observed on May 18th, May 28th and July 2nd. Development of pistachio tree was divided into nine stages and the above mentioned dates were compared to that.

E. plotnikovi had one generation every one or two years. Only one egg was found in each infested fruit and first stage larvae had a long prefeeding period. The use of the information obtained from this study in the management of these pests is discussed.

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Obtaining high seed and oil yields of sunflower requires coincidence of vegetative and reproductive stages of growth of the plant with suitable environmental conditions via selecting appropriate planting date. Since the suitable date of planting for sunflower cultivars under Isfahan environmental conditions was not determined, this experiment was conducted in 1996 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology. In this study, five dates of planting (April 27, May 12 and 27 and June 12 and 29) and three open pollinated sunflower cultivars (Record, Vnimik 8931 and Armavirec) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with split-plot layout in three replications. Date of planting was considered as the main plot and cultivars were randomized in the sub-plots.

Number of seeds per head (SH), l000-seed weight (SW), seed oil percent (SOP) and, consequently, yields of oil (OY) and seed (SY) were significantly reduced as planting was delayed. Reduction in these traits were considered to be related to the coincidence of vegetative and reproductive growth stages with higher temperatures prevailing at later plantings. Vnimik 8931 had higher SH and SW, and thus produced higher SY. This cultivar had lower SOP than Record, but produced higher OY than Record due to its higher SY. Armavirec was ranked the least for the measured traits, except for its SH that was slightly higher than that of Record. SH was the most contributing trait to the increase in SY, and SY was the most determining trait for the increase in OY. Date of planting by cultivar interactions for SH, SY and OY were significant. Nevertheless, the highest amount of the measured traits were obtained with Vnimik 8931 at the first planting date.

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Knowledge of the effects of row spacings and seeding rates on dual-purpose forage and seed production of an annual legume crop is essential for its proper agronomical exploitation. In this study, the effects of various row spacings and seeding rates on dry matter and seed yield in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were evaluated in two consecutive years. The experimental design was a split-plot with four row spacings as main plot treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications, and five seeding rates were allocated to subplots.

Combined analysis of variance of the two-year data showed that both row spacings and seeding rates influenced dry matter yield (DM), seed yield, plant height, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. Years, as well as two- and three-factor interactions did not affect the seed yield whereas row spacing × seeding rate, and year × seeding rate significantly affected the DM. The mean comparisons indicated that row spacings of 30 and 45 cm produced the highest DM of 3912.2 and 3900 kg/ha 45 and 60 cm spacings showed the highest seed yield of 1045.4 and 1093.3 kg/ha, respectively. 24 and 20 kg/ha seeding rates ranked the best in giving 1244.7 and 1223 kg/ha seed yield, respectively. The seeding rate of 16 kg/ha in the first year and 20 kg/ha in the second year produced the highest DM yield with means of 3837.5 and 3875.3 kg/ha, respectively. Regarding the dual-purpose of forage and seed production in berseem clover, 20 kg/ha seeding rate at 45 cm row spacing can be recommended for Isfahan region and for other comparable environmental conditions.

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This experiment was conducted to study genetic variation for electrophoretic seed protein patterns and their relations with some seed characteristics such as protein and oil percentages, chemical compositions and 100-seed weight among 270 soybean (Glycine max L. Moench) genotypes.

Among different electrophoresis procedures examined, 10% and 4.5% concentrations of acrylamide for resolving and stacking gels, respectively, 13.5 mg/ml concentration of protein buffer extraction, injection of 10 microlitre sample injection into gel hollows, 2.5 miliamper and 2-hours staining period were determined as the best combination to achieve clear bands and good separation. Based on relative mobility on gel, 30 protein bands were observed, of which only 5 varied among genotypes. In general, 8 electrophoretic patterns were recognized. Cluster analysis based on qualitative evaluation of patterns grouped the genotypes in 8 clusters and classified different bands in three groups. Simple concordance (matching) coefficients between protein bands with relative mobilities of 2.5% and 49.5% were zero, which is an indication of their independent occurrence. Probably, these bands are coded with one gene that in dominant and recessive homozygous genotypes appear as a single band at different positions on the gel. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P<0.05) among protein patterns for protein and oil percentages. Correlation coefficients between variable protein bands and studied traits showed a positive and significant relation (P<0.05) of bands with relative mobility of 3.5 and 49.5 with protein and phosphorous contents of the seeds, respectively. Protein patterns having band with relative mobility of 49.5 had the highest phosphorous content. Black hilum color of seeds was related to protein band with relative mobility of 52.

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It is believed that various types of field bean, including pinto, white and red, differ in adaptability to high temperatures and may, thus, differ in response to delay in planting. In order to evaluate this response, an experiment was conducted during 1996 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, using a randomized complete block design with split-plot layout. Main plots consisted of four planting dates (April 28, May 13 and 28 and June 13) and sub-plots included four genotypes of common bean (red bean, c.v. Naz pinto beans, experimental lines 11816 and 16157 and a white bean, experimental line 11805).

 Number of branches per plant, number of pods per branch and per unit area, number of seeds per pod of main stem and branch, number of seeds per main stem, per branch and per unit area, 100-seed weight and seed yield significantly reduced, while harvest index significantly increased by delay in planting and consequent increases in temperature and reduction in time for growth. The lower harvest index obtained with early planting was the result of the lower efficiency of the produced vegetative growth due to the coincidence of seed filling period with high temperatures. Pinto bean line 11816 ranked the highest for number of branches per plant and harvest index among the genotypes evaluated and produced the highest seed yield (3030 kg ha^-1). Although red bean Naz ranked the highest for number of pods and seed per main stem and per unit area, it had the lowest harvest index and 100-seed weight and, consequently, produced the least seed yield (2254 kg ha^-1). The results obtained indicate that delay in planting adversely affects bean seed yield. Pinto bean line 11816 may have higher yield potential among the genotypes studied at all planting dates under conditions similar to the present experiment. No specific relationship was observed between apparent seed characteristics and plant tolerance to heat.

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Edible-oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) can be an alternate oil-seed crop in Isfahan region. Seeding date is very important in obtaining higher grain yields and a successful flax production. The present study was conducted at the research farm, Isfahan University of Technology in the year 2000 to determine the effect of seeding date and genotype on yield, yield components and maturity of edible-oil flax. In this study, a RCBD with three replications, in which the treatments were organized as a split-plot experiment, was used. Seeding dates (Oct. 17, Nov. 16, March 15, April 13, May 14, June 13, July 15) and genotypes (four breeding lines of edible-oil flax) were considered as the main and the subfactor, respectively. The number of capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, 100-seed weight and seed yield were highest for all genotypes in the first seeding date. Average seed yield in the first seeding date was almost twice, triple and eight times as much as the second, third and the last three seeding dates, respectively. In the second seeding date there was no emergence because of low temperature. The genotype and seeding date interaction on seed yield and maturity was significant. In general, delayed seeding was accompanied by reduction of emergence, number of days to maturity, yield and yield components in all genotypes, with the exception that the last seeding date led to increased number of days to maturity and seeds per capsule. Based on regression analysis, seed weight, number of seeds per capsule and number of seedlings/m2 were the most important components that contributed in seed yield variation, respectively. But, most of the variations in seed yield per plant was affected by number of copsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule, and in that order.

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Due to the need for new fumigants to control insects that attack food commodities, the toxicity of acetone was determined on some species of stored pest insects in Urmia University in the year 2000. In empty space tests, the LC₅₀ values of acetone for Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Tribolium confusum (Duv.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) were 15.40, 15.51, 17.55 and 18.26 μl/liter, respectively. The experiments of acetone penetration to wheat mass revealed that the application of acetone in headspace led to the penetration of acetone vapours into the wheat mass and killing the S. granarius and T. confusum had been concealed in interkernel space. The comparison of LC₅₀ values of empty space tests with LC₅₀ values of penetration experiments revealed that the increase in penetration toxicity was 8.63 fold for S. granarius. A similar trend was observed for T. confusum adults. In hidden infestation tests, the application of acetone to the headspace resulted in destroying the developmental stages of S. granarius concealed in wheat and achieved 75% mortality at a dose of 160 μl/liter during seven weeks. Acetone showed no deleterious effects on the germination and vigor of wheat seeds.

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), an oilseed crop, is widely adapted and grown in many regions of the world. Oil from regular flaxseed is used as an industrial drying oil because of the high level of linolenic acid (>50 %). However, the oils from new mutant genotypes of flax with a very low linolenic acid concentration (<2 %) are edible. Yellow seed colour can be used as a visual marker to distinguish edible-oil genotypes of flax from those of industrial type that are usually brown-seeded. In this study, different lines of flax with two seed colours (yellow and brown) in combination with two levels of linolenic acid (high and low) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design for agronomic traits, especially seed yield and its components. The results indicated that lines with high linolenic acid concentration had significantly higher seed yield than those with low linolenic acid. However, other characteristics including those of seed yield components were not siginficantly affected by linolenic acid concentration. Seed colour had a significant effect on number of seedling/m², basal branches, capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. Although seedling emergence was lower in yellow-seeded lines, they had more basal branches, capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. Higher seed yield per plant in yellow-seeded lines can be attributed to higher number of capsules per plant as a result of lower seedling emergence and plant density. Seed yield was not significantly different between brown and yellow-seeded lines. Thus, the effect of lower plant density in yellow-seeded lines was compensated by their higher basal branches and number of capsules per plant.

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Planting pattern through changing vegetative growth and utilization of environmental resourses affects yield components and seed yield. These effects were studied in the spring of 2000 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, using a randomized complete block design with a split plot layout and three replications. Main plots consisted of three row distances (30 cm flat, and 45 and 60 cm on bed), and sub-plots included three planting densities (30, 40, and 50 plants m^-2). The experiment was planted on March 13 using local safflower variety of Isfahan, named Koseh. Increase in row distance and plant density enhanced most developmental stages of safflower. Leaf area index was not significantly affected by row distance but increased as planting density increased. Up to the 50% flowering stage, 30 cm row distance produced highest plant dry weight, but had the least dry weight at the end of the growing season, probably due to the strong shedding of leaves. Up to the end of flowering stage, 50 plants m^-2 treatment produced the highest plant dry weight, but ranked lower as compared to 30 plants m^-2 treatment at the physiological maturity, probably due to the shedding of leaves. Row distance had no significant effect on number of branches per plant and per square meter, number of heads per branch, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. But number of heads per plant and per square meter as well as seed yield per plant and per square meter significantly decreased as planting distance increased. Plant density had no significant effect on number of branches per plant, number of heads per square meter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Increase in planting density increased number of branches per square meter, but reduced number of heads per branch and per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index. The highest seed yield (4769 kg ha^-1) was obtained with 30 cm row distance and 40 plants m^-2 treatment. On average, 397 kg ha^-1 petal was harvested, which has a large economic value. However, petal clipping, over all treatments, reduced seed yield by about 7.4%. Considering the advantages of uniform distribution of plants and adaptation of safflower to flat planting, 30 cm row distance with 40 plants m^-2 might be appropriate for planting safflower under conditions similar to this experiment.

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This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using cotton-seed meal on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens at different ages. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates for each treatment. The experimental treatments included the levels of 0, 3.5, 7, and 10.5% of cotton-seed meal in diets fed to chickens at 7-21 days of age. Except for the control group, these levels for grower (21-42 d of age) was increased to 7, 14, and 21% and for finisher (42-56 d of age) to 14, 21, and 21%, respectively. For the purposes of this study, 260 day-old chicks were reared in litter until 7 days of age. On day 7, chicks were divided into 20 pens with 13 chicks in each pen. NRC (1994) recommendation was used in balancing experimental diets. The chickens were weighed weekly throughout the experimental period (7-56 d). The main observations were body gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Physical analysis of carcass was done at the end of the experimental period and percentages of carcass, abdominal fat, liver, pancreas and digestive tract to live body weight were calculated. The use of cotton-seed meal and the increase of the levels through different ages had no significant effects on body weight, daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass components. Increasing the level of cotton-seed meal in the diet at 7-21 days of age had significant effects on feed intake (P<0.05) and increased it. The results of this experiment indicate that we can use cotton-seed meal at levels of 7,14, and 21% of diets, respectively, in starter, grower and finisher stages without having any adverse effects on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens.

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In this study, some physico-chemical characteristics of Iranian tea-seed oil (Lahijan variety) were compared with those of the oils from sunflower seed (Fars variety) and olive (Gilezeytoon variety) in terms of fatty acid contents, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and oil shelf-life. Also the shelf-life of sunflower and olive oils containing 5% and 10% tea-seed oil were compared against control sample shelf-life. Tea-seed oil was found to be suitable and stable in nutritional properties. At a temeprature of 63^oC, tea-seed and olive oils were found to have identical shelf-life values, which was higher than that of sunflower oil. Furthermore, the shelf-life of sunflower oil increased when mixed with tea-seed oil.

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In a pot experiment, the growth (Dry matter) responses of 18 rapeseed varieties to three levels of NaCl salinity induced by 1.2, 6, and 12 dS.m^-1 were investigated using a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The results indicated that salinity reduced total dry matter, Na concentration, K/Na ratio, ion selectivity of K versus Na, and leaf water potential while it increased K concentration. However, the leaf water potential of the plants had the highest and a significantly negative correlation with total dry matter accumulation. Therefore, it seemed that leaf water content of the plants could explain the tolerance or sensitivity responses to salinity. The rapeseed varieties were accordingly ranked into different groups. The varieties viz, Alice, Fonax, DP.94.8 and Licord were classified as saline tolerant group, and varieties such as Okapi, Akamar and Eurol as saline sensitive group. The remaining eight rapeseed varieties were moderately tolerant. Moreover, the response of rapeseed varieties viz. Consul, VDH8003-98 and Orient were different such that the above explanation could not be applied to them. Therefore, halophytic strategies for these three varieties might be worth further investigation.

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Despite its economic importance, not much information exists on growth and productivity of durum wheat in Iran and Isfahan. In order to evaluate growth, grain yield, and attributes in three durum wheat genotypes, Osta/Gata, Dipper-6, and PI40100, with five planting densities of 200, 275, 350, 425 and 500 seeds/m², a four-replicate RCBD field study with a spilt-plot layout was carried out in winter 2000 to spring 2001 at Lavark Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. Genotypes were the main-plots and planting densities, the sub-plots. Each plot contained six rows, spaced 25cm apart, each 6m in length. While Osta/Gata produced a greater spikes/m², 1000-grain weight and grain yield, PI40100 indicated a greater height, leaf area index (LAI) and biological yield, and Dipper-6 produced a larger number of grains per spike and harvest index, compared to the other two genotypes. Increasing plant density led to an increase in LAI, spikes/m², grain yield, biological yield and harvest index but a decrease in grains/spike and 1000-grain weight. Grain yield was positively correlated with spikes/m², grains/spike and 1000-grain weight, despite negative correlations with LAI and plant height. It may be concluded that with environmental conditions such as those encountered in Isfahan in 2000-2001, Osta/Gata can be planted at approximately 425 seeds/m², if an acceptable grain yield is to be achieved.

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Germination of strawberry seeds from self- and cross pollination of 4 commercial cultivars were evaluated under mist and in vitro cultures. The study was conducted in McGill University in Quebec, Canada, during 1994 and 1995. Self-pollination of Chambly and Redcoat cvs., and cross pollination of Oka × Chambly as well as Redcoat × Veestar and their reciprocals were used. At maturity, fruits were harvested and their seeds were separated. A sample of each seed lot was grown in greenhouse under mist condition and in vitro using MS medium. In the latter, both intact and cut seeds were used. Germination index (containing germination velocity and rate) was used as a criterion for germination evaluation. The results showed that there was no sign of germination in intact seeds 40 days after cultivation on MS medium however, cut seeds containing plantlets started germination 2 days after cultivation and obtained 90 percent of the germination after one week of culturing on the medium. Germination of seeds under mist condition began 15 days after sowing and showed a minimum of 55 to 87 percent in different genotypes till the end of the experiment period (60 days). Germination index (GI) under this condition ranged from 15.4 to 26.1. GI comparison of seeds under in vitro and mist conditions indicates a lower germination rate in different genotypes under mist condition. This study also showed that the rate of germination in strawberry seeds could range from 0 to 100 percent depending on genotype and type of treatment used. The best treatment for a synchronized and rapid germination was found to be using cut seeds containing the plantlets on MS medium.

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Although safflower is known to be a cool-season crop, it is usually planted as a summer crop in Isfahan. Thus, an experiment was conducted in 2000 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, to study the effects of date of planting on growth, yield components, and seed yield of safflower. Five planting dates (March 12, April 12, May 10, June 8, and July 12) and four safflower genotypes (Arak 2811, local variety Koseh, Nebraska 10, and Veramin 295) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with split-plot layout in three replications. Date of planting was considered as the main plot and cultivars were randomized in sub-plots. Delay in planting from March 12 to may 10 reduced plant dry weight per unit area, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, seed yield per unit area, harvest index and petal yield. The above traits increased as planting was further delayed from May 10 to June 8. Highest seed oil and lowest seed protein contents were also obtained for this planting date. Plants of July 12 planting date did not reach physiological maturity. Among the genotypes evaluated and over planting dates, the highest and lowest number of heads per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield were produced byArak 2811 and Veramin 295 (mean of the first and second planting dates), respectively. Highest seed yield (4512 kg ha

^-1) was produced by local variety Koseh in June 8 planting date. It might be concluded that this variety has adapted to the summer planting conditions of Isfahan by natural selection.