Showing 7 results for Soil Organic Matter
F. Tajik, H. Rahimi, E. Pazira,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2002)
Abstract
The general characteristics of salt-affected soils and soil structure degradation process are partially known, but the effects of saline and sodic conditions on mechanical properties of soils are not well recognized. In this study, the effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on tensile strength of soils with different organic carbon contents were assessed under laboratory conditions. The soil samples were collected from Dasht-E-Naz, at Sari region in the North of Iran. The samples had the same clay mineral (Illitic) and the main difference between them was the organic carbon content, subjected to different cropping systems. The tensile strength was determined on soil samples which had been treated by solutions having defined EC (0.5 and 4 dS/m) and SAR (0, 5, 15).
The tensile strength was positively related to organic carbon content, but negatively to SAR. With increasing SAR, tensile strength decreased, and at a given SAR, the treatments with higher EC showed higher tensile strength. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (at 0.01) between soil samples (four levels), soil sampling depth (two levels), EC (two levels), and SAR (three levels) for all variables under investigation. For soil factor, the order of averages were: Virgin soil > Permanent pasture (Festuca) > Intensive cropping > Permanent pasture (Agropyron).
M. Yoosefi, H. Shariatmadari, M.a. Hajabbasi,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Adopting proper agricultural management and conserving soil organic matter are important components of sustainable agriculture. Soil organic matter content is a key attribute in soil quality. Labile organic matter pools can be considered as suitable indicators of soil quality that are very sensitive to changes in soil management practices. This research was carried out to investigate some organic carbon labile pools as an indicator evaluating the effects of different managements on some quality parameters of two calcareous soils. The study was conducted in 2 locations: 1- plots that receiving 0 (C1), 25 (C2), 50 (C3) and 100 (C4) Mg/ha of manure for five years successively with a cropping rotation of wheat –corn every year and plots under three cropping rotations (C5, C6 and C7) at Lavark experimental farm and 2- inquiry research station of Fozveh at different plots with three different cropping rotations (C8, C9 and C10) with a given cropping history recorded for the last 5 years. Soil samples were taken from the center of each plot and the depths of 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm. Their organic carbon, hot water soluble carbohydrate, particulate organic matter (POM), organic carbon and hot water soluble carbohydrate of POM, mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates were determined. Different managements consisting of different levels of manure and types of cropping rotation had significant effects on the soil characteristics measured. The greateast amount of carbohydrate and aggregate stability was obtained in the plots of 100 Mg/ha of manure in Lavak and in alfalfa plots in Fozveh station. Also, the results showed that aggregate stability has a better correlation with hot water soluble carbohydrate in comparison with other soil organic pools. Therefore, the carbohydrate extracted by hot water may be used as an index to assess the impacts of different agricultural management systems on soil quality.
M.a. Hajabbasi, A. Besalatpour, A.r. Melali,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
Applying of intensive cultivation especially in marginal and sensitive regions, after conversion of rangelands to cropland farms, commonly causes reduction in soil quality, and thus an increase in soil degradation, erosion and runoff. This study was conducted to evaluate the land use change effects on some soil physical and chemical properties such as mean weight diameter (MWD), soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD) and saturated electrical conductivity (ECe). For the experiment, soil samples were collected from 8 regions (rangeland and cultivated range) from west and southwest of Isfahan. Samples were taken from two soil layers 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Results showed that after conversion of range to cultivated lands, in some regions, SOM content was increased about 39% but in some regions decreased about 26%. This is due to the initial conditions of the regions. The ECe also increased by 41% due to this conversion. However, no changes were observed to the MWD, BD and pH in different treatments. Although there were little change to the physical and chemical properties of soil as a result of this conversion, those properties which were changed, could have a degradation effect and lower the soil quality.
O Hashemi Beni, M.h Salehi, H Beigi Harchegani,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (1-2010)
Abstract
Although soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes a small portion of soil bulk weight, it has a tremendous effect on physico-chemical and biological properties of soils. It is also one of the most important indicators of soil quality and its production. Soil organic matter determination is required for soil fertility management and soil pollution purposes. Wet oxidation procedure of Walkley-Black is a routine, relatively accurate and popular method for the determination of soil organic matter, but it involves the use of chromate and high cost of analysis. Therefore, loss-on-ignition (LOI) procedure as a simple and cheap method of SOM estimation which also avoids chromic acid waste has got more attention. The aims of this study were (i) to establish the relationships between LOI method and SOM as determined by Walkley-Black method for four major plains of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province and (ii) to determine the optimal temperature of the LOI. To do this, 205 soil surface samples were randomly collected from 0-25 cm depth of Shahrekord, Farsan, Kohrang and Lordegan plains to determine soil organic matter by Walkley-Black method and LOI procedure at 300, 360, 400, 500 and 550 oC for two hours. To determine the optimum temperature for ignition, 40 soil samples were selected to compare the SOM and CCE before and after ignition for each temperature. Results showed a positive, linear significant relationship existed between LOI and wet oxidation in each plain. Coefficient of determination (R2) of the equations was higher for individual plain than the overall equation. Coefficient of determination and line slope decreased and error (RMSE) increased with increasing ignition temperature. At higher contents of calcium carbonate, the rate of line slope decrease with increasing ignition temperature was more noticeable. This may be due to the destruction of carbonates at higher temperature. A temperature of around 360 oC was identified as optimum as it burned most organic carbon, destroyed less inorganic carbon, caused less clay structural water loss and used less electrical energy.
J. Fallahzade , M. A. Hajabbasi,
Volume 15, Issue 55 (4-2011)
Abstract
The salt–affected lands in arid regions of central Iran are characterized by low rainfall, low fertility, high evaporation and salinity. The cultivation of salt–affected lands may have a major influence on soil quality. The aim of this study was to determine the response of soil quality indicators to reclamation and cultivation of salt–affected lands occurring in Abarkooh plain, central Iran. Soil quality indicators were evaluated in three land use systems including salt-affected land, wheat, and alfalfa fields. Composite soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm layers and analyzed for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbohydrate, particulate organic carbon in macro-aggregates (POCmac) and micro-aggregates (POCmic), organic carbon mineralization and wet aggregate stability. The cultivation of salt–affected land caused a significant decrease in electrical conductivity at all layers and increased the amount of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbohydrate, POCmac, POCmic, and organic carbon mineralization. At all layers, the POCmac/POCmic ratio in the alfalfa fields was higher than that in the wheat fields. The cultivation of salt-affected land caused a significant increase in soil aggregate stability (MWD) at all layers. In most cases, the amounts of soil organic matter and MWD were greater in alfalfa than in the wheat fields, reflecting a better soil quality and thus higher potential for increasing soil organic carbon sequestration in the alfalfa fields
R. Mousavi Zadeh Mojarad, S. H. Tabatabaei, B. Ghorbani, N. Nourmahna,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Soil water content is the most effective factor associated with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic changes in a soil. Water repellency in soils, is not a permanent feature; it can be reached in the dry season and reduced or eliminated in the wet season It can be said that in terms of moisture, there is a critical region that is defined as the threshold moisture content, where in lower moisture, the soil is repellent and in higher moisture, the soil is wet able. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil moisture variations on degree of hydrophobicity and determine the amount of threshold water content in soil samples of wetland around Shahr-e-Kord. In this study, some samples of Shahr- e-Kord wetland were investigated. After determining the initial moisture content of the soil, the soil hydrophobicity conditions were determined by determining the time of water droplet penetration (WDPT). Soil moisture variations were carried out using soil wetting and drying method, and in each step the soil hydrophobicity conditions were tested. Reducing water content in soil samples, led to a change in the degree of hydrophobicity in hydrophobic samples, in one soil hydrophilic soil sample, Reducing water content changed hydrophilic soil to hydrophobic soil. The threshold water content was also observed up to a maximum of 54% volumetric water content at a given point. Based on this, the higher moisture content of the threshold at this point indicates the higher soil potential for runoff generation. Soil analysis showed that soil organic matter had a positive correlation with threshold water content.
S. Ghasemi Pirbaloti, S. Soodaee Moshaee,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Since the long-term sustainability of garden ecosystems is dependent on maintaining the soil quality, knowing the condition of the soils and investigating the effects of the activities on the soil properties is very important and effective in ecosystem management. To investigate the soil quality index of almond (Prunus dulcis) orchards under different managed methods in ChaharMahal va Bakhtiari province, soil samples were collected from three points in each orchard and finally classified into 6 groups (Saman, Ben, Shahrekord, Kiar, Ardel, and Farsan). To determine the soil quality index, soil characteristics including pH, EC, total and water-soluble organic carbon, basal and substrate-derived respiration, rhizosphere microbial population, and available soil P and K were analyzed. The results showed that almond orchard management in different regions affected the soil characteristics and the processes evaluated in this study. The monitoring of soil properties showed that pH 7.05 - 8.48, EC 0.23 - 2.91 dS/m, microbial respiration 0.44 - 8.57 mg CO2.100 g-1.day-1, organic carbon 2.09 - 44.79 g/kg, available phosphorus 1.5 - 122.3 mg/kg, and available potassium were between 91.2 - 3038 mg/kg. Soil quality index components including chemical components, microbial activity, microbial population, and soil organic carbon were determined. The contribution of soil salinity to soil quality obtained using factorial analysis was the highest (31%), followed by microbial carbon mineralization coefficient (27%), rhizosphere microbial population (24%), and water-soluble organic carbon (18%). The soil quality index values for Saman, Ben, Shahrekord, Kiar, Ardal, and Farsan almond orchards were 0.46, 0.40, 0.51, 0.67, 0.54, and 0.37, respectively. These values showed that the evaluated soils are suitable for almond production in Shahrekord, Kiar, and Ardal, and for Saman, Ben, and Farsan, there is a need for serious management measures to improve soil quality and increase the sustainability of these agricultural ecosystems.
