Showing 5 results for Soil Physical Properties
H. Naghavi, M. A. Hajabbasi, M. Afyuni,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2005)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of cow manure on soil hydraulic properties and bromide leaching in a sandy loam soil (coarse loamy mixed, Typic Torrifluvents). Manure was applied at 0, 30, and 60 tha-1 at three replications in a completely random design. Three months after manure application potassium bromide (KBr) at rate of 300 Kg ha-1 Br was uniformly applied on the surface. Soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter, and soil moisture at18 levels of matric potentials were determined. Soil samples to the depth of 105 cm at 15-cm increments were collected after 100, 200 and 400 mm of irrigation. Soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, and soil moisture at different levels of matric potential increased significantly with manure application. Manure application also significantly affected the hydraulic parameters. Bromide leaching was significantly lower in plots with manure application and the greatest leaching occurred at the zero manure application treatment. The center of mass evaluation indicated a relatively similar result with measured values.
A. Heydari,
Volume 15, Issue 57 (10-2011)
Abstract
Performance of proper deep tillage can reduce negative effects of soil compaction. The objectives of the research were to determine the effects of deep tillage application on soil physical properties and wheat yield. Therefore, in 2006-2007 an experiment was conducted at Tajarak Agricultural Research Station of Hamedan on a soil with clay loam texture. In this research, four tillage methods were used. These methods were: 1) subsoiling with 30cm soil depth + conventional tillage (moldboard plowing) 2) subsoiling with 50cm soil depth + conventional tillage, 3) plowing by combined plow (chisel plow + roller) with 30cm soil depth and 4) conventional tillage (plowing by moldboard plow to 25-30cm soil depth). Randomized complete block design with four treatments and replications was used to analyze data and compare the treatment means. Before and after the application of the tillage treatments, parameters of cone index, bulk density and infiltration rate were measured in soil. Also before yield harvesting, components of yield (grain number in panicle, panicle number in plant and 1000 grain weight) were measured. To measure grain yield in experimental plots, in each plot ten square meter area from the yield was harvested. Result indicated that effect of different tillage treatment on soil resistance was not significant. Effect of deep tillage methods on bulk density and infiltration rate was significant. Deep tillage methods increased water infiltration rate in the soil and decreased soil bulk density. Effect of different deep tillage methods on wheat yield was not significant. However, application of chisel plow increased the wheat yield by 25%. It may be concluded the subsoiling treatment does not affect the crop yield in intensive and fully irrigated field condition. The results of this study indicated that if there is a compacted layer at 30cm soil depth, and with the same climate and soil as those in the experimental site, the application of chisel plow due to economical consideration (low fuel consumption and high field efficiency) can be recommended for soil preparation and cultivation of irrigated wheat.
S. Rahimi Alashti, M. A. Bahmanyar, Z. Ahmad Abadi,
Volume 17, Issue 63 (6-2013)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of municipal solid waste enriched with mineral fertilizers on some soil physical properties and lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentration in plant organs of spinach, a field experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008. The main plot included four levels of fertilizer, control without fertilizer, 20 tons of multiple solid waste + 50% chemical fertilizers and 40 tons of multiple solid waste + 50% chemical fertilizers per hectare and sub-plot consisted of a period of application in 3 levels of time (one, two and three years). The results showed that application of enriched municipal compost increased field capacity, soil porosity and moisture holding capacity, but particle and bulk density of soil decreased compared to the control. Also, the physical parameters in the two levels of emriched waste compost were higher than chemical fertilizer treatment. On the other hand, using for three-years the urban waste compost enriched fertilizer at all levels increased significantly (p 0.05) lead and chromium concentrations in spinach. The Pb and Cr accumulated in roots and shoots of spinach in urban using 40 tons of waste compost per hectare with 50 percent of chemical fertilizer for a period of three years and showed a significant increase. The amounts of fertilizer in all three levels were higher than the root element shoot.
F. Heydari, A. Rasoulzadeh, A. R. Sepaskhah, A. Asghari, A. Ghavidel,
Volume 17, Issue 65 (12-2013)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop residues management on soil physical and biological properties. The impacts of residue management on yield of forage corn and barley and soil micro-organisms population were also studied. The results showed that application of crop residues increased soil organic matter (22.2 %), saturated hydraulic conductivity (51.9 %), porosity (3.7 %), mean weight diameter (MWD) of the aggregates (5.4 %), and field capacity (5.8 %) and decreased bulk density (3.7 %) Whereas crop residues burring decreased soil organic matter (31.8 %), saturated hydraulic conductivity (36.6 %), porosity (0.5 %), mean weight diameter (MWD) of the aggregates (5.1 %), and field capacity (4.1 %) and increased soil bulk density (1 %). Soil water characteristic curves showed that the observed differences in soil water retention of application and burning residues treatments were higher at low matric suctions than those at high water matric suction. The results demonstrated that micro-organisms population significantly (P<0.05) decreased in residues burning treatment compared with the residues application treatment. Therefore, based on the results of this study residues' burning is not recommended in Ardabil.
A Heidari, H. Haji Agha Alizadeh, A. R. Yazdanpanah, J. Amiri Parian,
Volume 20, Issue 78 (1-2017)
Abstract
Traditionally, most corn field in Hamedan Province is prepared for planting by moldboard plowing followed by a number of secondary tillage operations. In recent years conservation tillage systems have become more popular. This research was conducted in the form of a split plot experimental design with six tillage treatments and three replications. Main tillage methods including: (T1) conventional tillage (moldboard plow + cyclotiller equipped with roller), (T2) combination tiller (chisel plow equipped with roller) (T3) bandary tillage with chisel blades were considered as main plots and two P fertilizer application including: (F1) fertilize broadcasting and (F2) fertilizer bandary placement were considered as sub plots. During growing seasons, soil mechanical resistance (cone index), soil bulk density and water infiltration in soil were measured. At the end of the growing season (harvesting time), corn yield and its components were measured. Results indicated that tillage methods and soil depth had a significant effect on the soil bulk density and cone index. The effect of tillage on water infiltration in soil was significant. The effect of P fertilizer application on corn yield was significant (P≤0/01) and P fertilizer bandary placement with mean corn yield of 10862 kg/ha had higher yield value than the fertilizer broadcasting with mean corn yield of 9965 kg/ha. Although the difference between tillage methods for corn yield was not statistically different, T2 treatment with mean corn yield of 10913 kg/ha had higher yield value than the other two tillage treatments (T1 with mean corn yield of 10106 kg/ha and T3 with mean corn yield of 10222 kg/ha).
