Showing 15 results for Sorghum
Mohammad Reza Ebadi, Javad Pour Reza, Mohammad Khorvash, Kambiz Nazer Adl, Abbas Almodares,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-1997)
Abstract
Sorghum grain is an important cereal to be cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The extension of its cultivation and application in animal and poultry diets may reduce the need for imported corn. In order to determine the nutritive value of sorghum, 36 sorghum grain (SG) varieties and one type of corn were grown at the same location. The grains were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Results from of proximate analyses showed that the ash, crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of SG were 1.72±0.54, 11.6±1.18, 0.34±0.03 and 8.35±3.93, respectively. The ether extract (EE) of SG was lower than Iranian and imported corns. Iranian corn had higher amounts of CP (10.7%), EE (5.9%) and CF (3.3%) than the imported one (7.8, 4.2 and 2.25). Tannin contents of low and high SG varieties were 0.021% and 0.998%, respectively. The apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of SG were decreased due to increasing the tannin contents. The values of TMEn (3853, 3771 and 3213 Kcal/kg) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among low, medium and high tannin sorghum (LTS, MTS and HTS) varieties. However, in comparison with the SG, the corn had higher amounts of TME (3853, 3771 and 3213 VS. 3947 Kcal/kg). LTS had the highest AME (3453 Kcal/kg) among all the grains, while there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between MTS (3458 Kcal/kg) and the two corn grains (3406 Kcal/kg).
A.h. Jalali, M.j. Bahrani,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2001)
Abstract
The effect of N levels and planting densities on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain yield in grain sorghum (cv. Kimia) was studied in summer 1998 at Kushkak Agricultural Research Station, Shiraz University. The experiment was a spilt plot with 4 replications in which 4 levels of planting densities (7.7, 10, 15.4, 20 seeds m
-2) were applied as main plots and 4 levels of N (0, 40, 80, 120 Kg N ha
-1) as subplots.
N application rates up to 120 kg N ha-1 increased grain yield (7240 kg ha-1), but due to increased planting density (5336 kg ha-1) the highest yield obtained from 15 seeds m-2. Interaction of N and planting density was also significant. Application of 80 kg N ha-1 and highest planting density produced 8702 kg ha-1 of grain. Different grain yields in different levels of N and planting densities were due to increased number of grains per basic branches of panicle and increased number of panicle per m-2. The trend of variation of crop growth rates (CGR) was similar to the trend of grain yield. Nitrogen application increased grain protein contents but planting density had no significant effect on grain protein. Phenolic compounds (tannins) decreased with increasing N application and with decreasing planting density. A negative correlation was observed between increased N content and increased phenolic compounds.
Pourreza, M.r. Ebadi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2006)
Abstract
In a completely randomized design with 3×5 factorial arrangement, the metabolizable energy and nutrients digestibility of three varieties of sorghum grains (low, medium and high tannin) with and without supplemental phytase were determined and was compared with corn and wheat. Three varieties of sorghum were selected from the 36 varieties according to their tannin content and were grown togther with corn and wheat under the same environmental conditions. Supplemental phytase was added at three levels (0.0, 500 and 1000 FTU/kg) to each grain. The metabolizable energy (ME) and nutrients digestibilities were determined by the mature male Leghorn with the method of Sibbald. The results indicated that different grains had different ME, apparent and true digestibilities regarding dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Medium tannin sorghum had the highest apparent and true metabolizable (AME and TME) energy, whereas the high tannin sorghum showed the lowest AME and TME. The apparent and true dry matter digestibilities of corn was more than the other grains (P<0.001). Medium tannin sorghum had the highest apparent and true nitrogen digestibilies than the other two varieties (P<0.001). Difference between tested grains regarding apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities were not significant. All measured criteria were the lowest for the high tannin sorghum. Adding 500 FTU/Kg phytase caused an improvement (P<0.001) in AME, apparent and true dry matter digestibilities and true nitrogen digestibility. Although added phytase improved apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities and true nitrogen digestibility, but the differences were not significant. The differences between 500 and 1000 units phytase was not significant and the results indicated that 500 FTU/Kg phytase was sufficient to improve the nutritional value of grains under study.
Sh. Sarikhani, K. Razmjoo,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2007)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of row and plant spacings on the yield and yield components of three cultivars of forge sorghum, a field experiment was conducted in Isfahan University of Technology, Lavark, during spring, 2001. Experimental design was a split-factorial with three replications. Main plots consisted of three row spacings (45, 60, 75 cm) and subplots were combinations of three cultivars of forage sorghum(cultivars KFS1, IS722, IS3313) and three plant spacings (4, 6 and 8 cm). The results showed that the number of young and adult tillers, the number of leaf per square meter and shoot and leaf dry weight were influenced by row and plant spacings and significantly decreased with increasing row and plant spacings. Forage yield also decreased with increasing row and plant spacing. The highest dry forage yield was produced by 45 cm row spacing and 4 cm plant spacing. The KFS1 cultivar produced more forage yield than IS722 cultivar. The number of young and adult tiller per square meter and the number of leaf per square meter were significantly (p< 0.01) influenced by the interaction between row spacing and cultivar, row spacing and plant spacing and plant spacing and cultivar in two cuts. Shoot and leaf dry weight (kg/m2) was also significant (p< 0.01) influenced by the interaction between row spacing and cultivar, and between plant spacing and cultivar in the second cut. The density of 45 cm row spacing and 4 cm plant spacing produced the maximum forage yield.
M. R. Ebadi, J. Pourreza, M. A. Edriss, J. Jamalian, A. H. Samie, S. A. Mirhadi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2007)
Abstract
In order to assess and determine amino acids profile and their availability in different sorghum grain (SG) varieties, three SG varieties including low tannin (0.09% , LTS), medium tannin (0.19%, MTS) and high tannin (0.37%, HTS) were grown at the same location. The grains were analysed for their proximate analyses, tannin and amino acids. True amino acid availability (TAAA) was obtained by Sibbald’s method using ceacectomized single comb leghorn cockerels. The results showed that methionine and cystine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, respectively in LTS and MTS. But in HTS, lysine (0.166%) was the first and methionine (0.176%) was the second limiting amino acid. Methionine content was 0.114% , 0.182% and 0.176% for LTS, MTS and HTS, respectively. Although, crude protein was lower in HTS (10%) than the other SG, but histidine, methionine and isoleucine were higher for HTS in comparison to LTS and MTS. TAAA decreased when tannin content increased and all amino acids had a lower availability in HTS than LTS and MTS (P<0.05). Methionine in HTS and LTS and glutamic acid in MTS had the highest availability. The availability of proline was most affected by tannin, and its availability was 91.55% for LTS, 84.82% for MTS and 22.82% for HTS (P<0.05).
Y. Raei, K. Ghasemi Golezani, A. Javanshir, H. Aliari, A. Mohammadi,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
Concerning the effects of increasing the species number on the maintenance of ecological stability and agricultural ecosystems sustainability, two field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effects of plant population densities on soybean and sorghum intercropping at the Research Center, the Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Cultural pattern was an additive series. The factorial set of treatments was arranged within a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor comprised soybean densities of 20, 30, 40, and 50 plants/m2, and the second factor consisted of sorghum densities of 0, 4, 8, and 12 plants/m2. The results indicated that both soybean and sorghum yields were significantly affected by soybean and sorghum densities. Soybean yield increased as density increased up to 40 plants/m2, and then decreased with increasing soybean density from 40 to 50 plants/m2. With increasing soybean density, sorghum yield was decreased. Sorghum and soybean yields, respectively, increased and decreased as sorghum density increased. On the other hand, Soybean and sorghum densities of 20:4 (1.6) and 50:12 (0.8) had the highest and the lowest LER (Land Equivalent Ratio), respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that intercropping of Soybean and sorghum, is more advantageous, compared to their pure cultivation in the same conditions.
S. M. Naser Alavi, M. Shamsaddin Saeid,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
To study the effects of plant densities and planting orientation on the seed and forage yield of sorghum, an experiment was conducted at Hossein- Abad – Shahcal village –90 kilometers south of Bam-in 2002. The experiment was a factorial with randomized complete block deisgn and three replications. The treatments were: orientation with three levels (South-North, East – West, Northeast – Southwest) and plant densities with four levels (50000, 70000, 90000, 110000 plants per hectare). Results of analysis of variance showed that planting orientation had significant effects on seed yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of tillers, dry matter yield, length and diameter of shoot. Mean comparisons, showed that the maximum and minimum amount of the above mentioned traits except for shoot length was obtained under the North-South and East-West orientations, respectively. Significant differences were also found among densities in terms of all the mentioned traits. Results showed that increasing density decreased seed yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of tillers and shoot diameter. The highest and lowest values (except of seed yield) were recorded for 50000 and 110000 plants/per hectare, respectively. Dry matter yield and the shoot length increased with increasing density. Based on the results of this experiment, the best plant densities to obtain the highest forage and seed yield are 70000 and 110000 plant per hectare, respectively and the best planting orientation is North-South.
S Bazi, M Haydari, N Mehdinejad, F Abasi,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
To evaluate effects of different salinity levels on activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) and osmotic components (carbohydrate and proline) in two sorghum genotypes, an experiment was conducted as completely randomized factorial design with three replications in Zabol university in 2007. Three levels of salinity control (0), 100 and 200 mM NaCl and two sorghum genotypes (Payam and Sistan) were compared. Results showed that by increasing salinity levels from 0 to 200 mM NaCl, the activities of these three antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased and the highest level of activity was observed in 200 mM salinity. Payam cultivar had the highest level of APX and GPX enzyme activity in these experiments. salinity significantly changed two osmotic adjustment concentrations (Carbohydrate and proline) and increased their concentrations. The highest proline and carbohydrate were showN in Sistan and Payam, respectively. In this study we found positive correlation between osmotic components and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that in these two sorghum cultivars the two mechanisms help with salinity tolerance. A direct relationship between activity of the antioxidant- enzymes and accumulation of osmotic regulators (carbohydrate and proline) was observed. In Payam genotype, as the activity of the enzymes and accumulation of osmotic regulators increased, the weight of the plants decreased. The decrease in weight could mean some of plant energy is allocated to the production of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic regulators.
R S.sharifi, A Javanshir, M Shakiba, K Ghasemi Golezani, A Mohamadi, Y Raei,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
In order to study yield component and determinate the contribution of stem reserves to corn yield under effect of different densities and interference periods of sorghum, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2002 on the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Tabriz University. Experimental factors were sorghum interference at different periods (0,14,28,42 days after corn emergence and also during plant life corn) with three densities (4,8,12 plants m-2). Characteristics of study were yield, yield component and the contribution of stem reserves to corn grain yield. The results showed that with increasing sorghum density and interference, corn yield components (except the number of grain rows) were decreased, due to shading and competition between plants for using available resources. Maximum grain yield and grain number per ear was obtained at pure corn plantation. With increasing sorghum density and interference periods grain yield decreased, and maximum corn yield loss was 38%, which occurred at the highest sorghum density and interference. Dry matter remobilization and contribution of stem reserves were significantly influenced by sorghum densities and interferences in corn grain yield. The highest contribution of dry matter remobilization and stem reserves to corn yield was obtained at maximum density and complete interference of sorghum. The least contribution of reserves was shown in pure corn plantation. This might be related to shading and competition between plants for light and other resources.
B Atarodi , M Naderi Khorasgani,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (1-2010)
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Var. Speedfeed) is a major forage crop in Birjand Region, and phosphorus (P) plays an important role in its nutritional value. During a field campaign, eighty soil samples from the region were collected and analyzed. Among them, 24 samples varying in physico-chemical properties and available P were selected. Five extractants were used for measuring sorghum available P as follows: 1) 0.5 M NaHCO3, pH=8.5, shaken for 30 minutes (Olsen's method), 2) 0.5 M NaHCO3, pH=8.5, shaken for 16 hours (Colwel's method), 3) 0.0025 M Na2-EDTA, pH=7 (EDTA method), 4) 1 M NH4HCO3, 0.005 N DTPA (Soltanpour and Schwab's method), and 5) Water (Paauw's method). A greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design was carried out with 24 soil samples, two treatments of 0 and 90 mg P/kg soil and three replicates. Results indicated that all five extractants are suitable for prediction of sorghum available phosphorus, but Olson and Paauw's methods are preferable. The results also show ed that the critical levels of soil phosphorus for sorghum by Olsen, Colwel, EDTA, Soltanpour and Schwab and Paauw methods are 17, 24, 14, 7 and 2.5 mg P/kg soil, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that soil pH, clay percentage and organic carbon significantly affected sorghum available phosphorus.
A Jalali, M Galavi, A Ghanbari, M Ramroudi, M Yousef Elahi,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (7-2010)
Abstract
Using treated wastewater led to increasing crop yield, but it may causes heavy metals accumulations and also their toxicity in soil and plant. In order to investigate the effects of wastewater on yield, forage yield components, and heavy metals concentrations in stem and leaf of sorghum, an experiment was conducted in the agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University in 2006-2007, using a randomized complete block design with four replication. The irrigation treatments were: 1) well water for whole growing season as control (T1), 2) well water for all growing season along with NPK application (T2), 3) wastewater during the first half of growing season (T3), 4) wastewater during the second half of growing season (T4), 5) wastewater and tapwater alternately (T5) and 6) wastewater for whole growing season (T6). The results showed that irrigations with wastewater and well water alternately and wastewater for whole growing season produced the maximum forage yield and the maximum heavy metal accumulation in plant organs observed by irrigation with wastewater for hole growing season, and wastewater and well water alternately. There was significant increase between T5 and T6 relative to control and other treatments. The elements concentration such as Cu, Pb and Fe in leaf was more than stem, but Zn and Ni concentration in stem were more than leaves. There were no significant differences for Mo and Cr concentration between stem and leaf. Forage yield in T6 and T5 relative to T2 were increased 38.96 and 51.95 percent respectively. In all irrigation treatments the amount of elements and heavy metals in sorghum were lower than standard limits. Based on the results, alternative irrigation method (T5) is recommended for forage sorghum production.
H. Nadian,
Volume 15, Issue 57 (10-2011)
Abstract
Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and phosphorus (P) uptake by two sorghum cultivars different in root morphology was studied in a pot experiment. A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was performed. In this study, sorghum speed feed cultivar with high root proliferation and branching and sorghum KFS2 cultivar with low root proliferation and branching were colonized by Glomus intraradices. All plants were watered equally in the first three weeks to establish them. Drought stress was applied from the week four and the plants were watered when 40% (T1), 60% (T2) and 80% (T3) of the available water was consumed. Results showed that in both sorghum cultivars, plant dry weight decreased as drought stress was increased. However, dry weight of mycorrhizal plants was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal plants at all levels of drought stress. This increase for speed feed cultivar was greater than for KFS2 cultivar. Phosphorus concentration and total P uptake in shoot of both mycorrhizal plants were greater than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. P accumulation in both cultivars decreased by increasing drought stress due to the decline in plant biomass. However, P accumulation per unit length of colonized root increased by increasing drought stress. The greater percentage of root colonization and the increased total length of external hyphae per unit length of colonized root of KFS2 cultivar led to an increase in mycorrhizal growth response and improved P nutrition of KFS2 cultivar compared to those of speed feed cultivar.
H. Mirshekali, H. Hadi, H. Khodaverdiloo, R. Amirnia,
Volume 18, Issue 67 (6-2014)
Abstract
Heavy metals contamination of soil and plants has very important and vital role in relation to health and life of human
and other organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sommon
lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) in phytoremediation of Zn from soil. Efficiency of 0.01M CaCl2, 0.1M NaNO3, and
1M NH4NO3 for extraction of “bioavailable fraction of soil Zn was also compared. Correlation between the Zn
concentrations extracted by these methods and plants response (relative yield and shoot Zn concentration) to soil Zn
contamination was then evaluated. For this purpose, a calcareous soil sample was contaminated with different
concentrations of Zn. Sorghum and common lambsquarter, were grown in pots containing the contaminated soil and
were analysed for their Zn concentrations after harvest. Results of this study showed that, common lambsquarter was
more tolerant to low and medium concentrations (≤900 mg/kg), but sorghum tolerated high concentration of Zn. Also
sorghum was more capable in removal of Zn from soil in comparison to common lambsquarter, so that soils
contaminated with low Zn levels (≤900 mg/kg) can be remediated by sorghum. In addition, there was a significant
correlation between 1 M NH4NO3-extractable soil Zn and the plants response (relative yield and shoot Zn concentration)
to soil Zn contamination.
M. Yazdekhasti, M. Shayannejad, H. Eshghizadeh, M. Feizi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Due to the dry climate and limitation of fresh water resources, using fresh and salt water is a solution for crop production under salinity conditions. This study was conducted at Isfahan University of Technology as a randomized complete block design with three replications and five irrigation management treatments in 2014. The treatments included irrigation with saline water (with the salinity of 5 dS/m, based on the relative yield of 75%), irrigation with fresh water (municipal water), alternate irrigation (irrigation with saline water and the next irrigation with fresh water), conjunctive irrigation (half of irrigation with saline water and the other one with fresh water) and irrigation with fresh water to reach the raceme stage, and irrigation with saline water. The maximum wet yield, dry yield and grain yield were related to the fresh water treatment with 4.14, 2.45 and 0.588 kg/m2 and the minimum values were obtained for water their water treated with 1.34, 0.765 and 0.0957 kg/m2 respectively. The conjunctive treatment had the highest yield after fresh water treatment. The various statistical indices showed that this model could be used for sorghum in Isfahan. The determination coefficient for yield was 0.65.The priority of model for yield simulation was salt water at the last stage, alternate irrigation, saline water, conjunctive irrigation and fresh water treatments, respectively.
S. Jamali, H. Ansari, M. Zeynodin,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of treated urban wastewater and different harvesting times on the yield and yield components of Sorghum (cv. Speed feed) in the greenhouse condition. The research was done based on a completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad in 2016. In this study, the effects of four mixtures consisting of the moderations use of the treated urban wastewater and freshwater (0, 25, 75 and 100 percent mixture of treated urban wastewater and freshwater) and three harvesting times level (pre-flowering, after 50 percent of the plant to flowering, and grain filling stage) on the yield and yield components of Sorghum were evaluated. The results inducted that the effect of different moderations of irrigation regimes on all of them parameter was highly significant (P<0.01), but plant height was non-significant; it was also revealed that the effect of harvesting times on all of the parameters was highly significant (P<0.01), but leaf width was non-significant. The results also exhibited that the interaction effects of irrigated regimes and harvesting times on the leaf number, panicle length and width, leaf, panicle, and stem was highly significant (P<0.01), but plant height, stem diameter, branches number, and leaf length and width were significant at the 5 percent level (P<0.05). Also, the use of 25, 75, and 100 percent mixture of wastewater resulted in the forage yield of 37.5, -29.3, and 12.9 percent (pre-flowering); -31, -15.3, and -47.4 percent (after 50 percent of the plant to flowering), and -11.8, -35.7 and -28.4 percent (grain filling stage), respectively. The highest forage weights (46.2 g per plant) showed, in the study, irrigated by a mixture of 75 treated wastewater and 25 freshwater, and harvesting the plant after 50 percent in flowering stage; on the other hand, the best treatment in this study irrigation by the mixture of 75 treated wastewater and 25 freshwater and harvesting the plant after 50 percent in the flowering stage, Thus, using the treatment in farm experiment required the field research.
