Showing 8 results for Straw
M. Haghighat Afshar, M. Babalar, A. Kashi, A. Ebadi, M. A. Asgari,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2006)
Abstract
Some strawberriy cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch. cv. Aliso, Selva, Gaviota and Camarosa) were grown hydroponically with five NH4:NO3 mM concentration ratios (0/6 (S1), 0.25/6 (S2), 0.5/6 (S3), 1/6 (S4), 2/6 (S5) and constant nitrate concentration in three replicates for two seasons: Summer and Winter, in greenhouses of Agriculture Faculty of Tehran University. The results are reported as Follows: In summer shoot dry weight and shoot/ root ratio were highest in 0.25 and 0.5 mM NH4-N and were constant in remaining solutions with higher ammonium concentration. Increasing ammonium concentration resulted in decreasing the root dry weight. Aliso and Selva had the highest shoot and root dry matter respectively. Gaviota had the highest runner. In winter, shoot dry matter was highest in plants grown in S5 solution. Increasing ammonium from 0 to 0.5 mM decreased fruit yield but more ammonium in S4 and S5 solution increased yield. Root and fruit dry matter were highest in Selva. Yield and Fruit fresh weight were highest in Gaviota. Camarosa had the highest shoot dry weight. In summer shoot dry weight was significantly higher than in winter. Due to the high yeild, commercial use of the S5 solution and the cv. Gaviota is recommended.
H. Fazaeli,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2008)
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of culturing oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on the nutritive value of wheat straw. In a completely randomized design, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of untreated and fungal treated wheat straw were measured by the following treatments: 1) untreated wheat straw (UWS) 2) fermented wheat straw before mushroom fruiting (FTWS) and 3) fermented wheat straw after mushroom harvesting (SPWS), with 4 replicates. In addition, the in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake were determined using 4 cows and 4 sheep and nutritive value index was estimated. The crude protein and in vitro digestibility increased whereas organic matter and cell wall components decreased significantly (P<0.05) in FTWS and SPWS. In vivo digestibility and voluntary intake increased in FTWS when fed to sheep or cow (P<0.05) but no significant differences were found between SPWS and UWS. The digestible dry mater and organic mater intake (g/kg W0.75) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in cow than sheep. The significantly (P<0.05) highest amount of nutritive value index was obtained for FTWS fed to cow and the lowest amount was found for SPWS when fed to sheep. It can be concluded that culturing Pleurotus florida on wheat straw can improve its nutritive value before mushroom fruiting .
M. R. Zokaee Khosroshahi , M. Esna-Ashari,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
Effect of different exogenous putrescine concentrations on post-harvest life of strawberry, apricot, peach and sweet cherry fruit was separately studied using completely randomized designs in three replicates. Fruits were immerged in putrescine solutions (0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM for 5 minutes in strawberries, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM for 10 minutes in the other fruits) and also in distilled water as control. They were then transferred into the fridge. Post-harvest life of all fruits was increased by the use of putrescine. Ethylene production and water loss of the fruits were reduced by this compound. Putrescine also prevented softening of fruit's tissue during their storage period. Titratable acidity was reduced in untreated fruits while their pH was increased. These trends were also observed with the application of putrescine in all fruits, but at a much slower rate compared with the controls. Soluble solids content of sweet cherry fruits was increased by the use of putrescine while it was reduced in the other three fruits.
F Goodarzi,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
Because of its tenderness, long distance between field and consumer locations and unsuitable condition of transportation, 30 – 40 percent of strawberry fruits is wasted during the transportation between field to markets. One of the recommended ways for cutting down the wastes of strawberry is application of calcium salts after harvest stage to increase the content of Ca2+ in fruit flesh. For this reason, the selected fruits were treated by immersing them in 0, 25, 50 and or 75 mmol/lit concentrations of CaSO4, CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2 for 4 min. After drying in atmospheric tempetature, fruits were stored at 5°C for 5 and for 10 days. To evaluate the effect of calcium solutions on fruit quality, some quantitative and qualitative tests were carried out on them. The results showed that by increasing the concentration of calcium salts, the amount of acidity and calcium of fruits is significantly increased, but the percentage of mouldy fruits is decreased. In most cases, the 50 and 75 mmol /lit concentrations of CaSO4 showed similar effects. Among the different calcium solutions, Ca(NO3)2 had the best effect on improvement of fruit quality, such as increasing the calcium and firmness of fruit , but CaSo4 prohibited the moulding of fruits better than other solutions. By increasing the period of storage from 5 to 10 days, the amount of acidity and firmness decreased significantly, while mouldness percentage increased. The organoleptic test showed that when the concentration of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 solutions is increased, the acceptability of treated samples is decreased by consumers. Because of the bitter taste, the least score was given to the samples treated by 75 mmol/lit concentration of Ca (NO3)2 solution. The panelists didn’t recognize any difference in taste between control and samples treated by 25 mmol/lit concentration of CaSO4 and CaCl2 solutions. None of the treatments showed initial attributes (tenderness and shape) of fruits after storage period. This method isn't recommended to increase the strawberrys' shelf life for home use, but it can be used for the ones which are to be consumed in food processing industries.
A Masoumi, A Shahriari,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
To reduce storage space and transportation cost for alfalfa and straw bales, recompressing of the bales is recommended. In order to design different units and elements of double compressing device, some physical and rheological properties of desired products were determined. A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications was used during the tests. Confined compression tests for three levels of axial strain (25, 35 and 45% of initial length) on alfalfa and straw bales were performed. In this study, the influence of the materials and strain on pressure, modulus of elasticity and required energy were investigated. The results showed that the effect of materials type and strain levels on the determined parameters were highly significant (P<0.01). The highest value of the measured parameter was obtained for straw bales at 45% strain. The Fabroad’s model (expressing the relationship between pressure and density) and two other models, namely, Sitki and Osbof which were used to describe the relationship between modulus of elasticity and density were fitted to the measured values, and then constants were determined for each model individually. The coefficients of friction for alfalfa and straw bales on steel and galvanized surfaces at three levels of perpendicular loads were determined. Effect of bales and surface types on frictional coefficient were not significant (P< 0.05), however, the effect of perpendicular load was highly significant (P<0.01). Tensile strength of hemp and nylon ropes, which are usually used to knot compressed bales, was measured. The results indicated that hemp ropes had more strength than nylon.
K. Enayati, M.j. Rousta, A. Vakili,
Volume 15, Issue 56 (7-2011)
Abstract
Soil structure and aggregate stability affect soil erodibility. There is a necessity for increasing aggregate stability against erosive factors such as wind and water. This study was conducted on surface soil samples (0-20cm) collected from agricultural land susceptible to erosion located in Chahoo, southeast of Fars province. The experimental design was CRD with 10 treatments and was replicated 3 times as follows: control plot (without addition of soil amendments), pure gypsum, chopped wheat straw, farm yard manure, gypsum+wheat straw, gypsum+ farm yard manure (1% w/w), cement at levels (0.3% w/w), (0.6% w/w), (0.9% w/w), gypsum +cement (0.9% w/w). After one, four and seven months, the amounts of soil aggregates in 53-4000 µm sizes were determined by wet sieving and MWD was calculated. The results of aggregate size distribution in every stage of the experiment showed that application of farm yard manure and wheat straw separately or in combination with gypsum through reduction in aggregates with diameters of <106 µm has caused an increase in aggregates with diameter of >106 µm. Based on the results of this research, the effect of these treatments, which increased MWD of the aggregate, results from the amount of aggregates with diameters larger than 1000 µm. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that these treatments be considered suitable to increase the stability of sensitive silt loam soils.
M. Farasati, S. Boroomandnasab, J. Abedi Koupai, N. Jafarzadeh, H. Moazed, M. Saiedian,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (10-2012)
Abstract
The effect of sugarcane straw anion exchanger with Micro and Nanostructure scale as the adsorbent for contaminated water treatment was investigated. The effects of operating conditions such as adsorbent loading, initial anion concentration, pH and the presence of competitive ions on the adsorption performances were examined. Equilibrium time and pH and adsorbent dosage were 3h, 6 and 0.5g respectively. The effect of initial concentration on the adsorption of NO3- ions by sugarcane straw anion exchanger was investigated by varying solution concentrations (5-120 mg L-1) using 0.5g adsorbent dose. For micro and nanostructures, adsorption capacity was (0.38-6.94 mg g-1) and (0.44-7.51 mg g-1) respectively. In the column experiment, for micro and nanostructures with (15, 50 and 120 mg L-1) and 0.98 L hr-1 flow rate, adsorption capacity was (8.73, 25.71and 36.25 mg g-1) and (12, 27 and 48.15 mg g-1) respectively. The result of this study indicated that sugarcane straw anion exchanger with micro and nanostructure scale could be used for the removal of nitrate ions in the contaminated water treatment. sugarcane straw anion exchanger -nanostructure adsorbent had higher adsorption than micro adsorbent for nitrate removal.
Sh. Shahmansouri, M.r. Mosaddeghi, H. Shariatmadari,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
According to the rapid population growth, the challenging issue of production of economic and suitable food sources has led to greater attention to soilless culture greenhouse production systems. Components of growth media in horticulture are usually selected based on physical and chemical properties and their abilities in providing enough water and oxygen for roots. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using some agricultural wastes (i.e., sawdust and wheat straw) and three rockwool types (i.e., raw, ground, ground, and sieved) as substitutes for commercial greenhouse growing media such as cocopeat and perlite. Several hydraulic, aeration, and chemical properties including easily available water (EAW), air after irrigation (AIR), water holding capacity (WHC), water buffering capacity (WBC), saturated water content (θs), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), water drop penetration time (WDPT), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured and scored in the growth media. Raw rockwool had larger particles compared to ground rockwool, which resulted in its faster water release. Processing of the rockwool decreased the saturated water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity due to the decrease in particle size. Four growth media were scored as very good and one was scored as good. The highest and lowest scores belonged to sawdust (34) and ground rockwool (30), respectively. The studied growth media with high TP, EAW, and WHC and low BD, EC, and WDPT can be used individually or combined with other commercial substrates for greenhouse growth media.
