Showing 6 results for Sugar Beet
J. Keramt, S. Malek,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2001)
Abstract
Molasses are produced in large amounts by sugar cane and sugar beet factories every year. However, they are considered as the waste product of the crystallization plants. Thus, although they contain significant amounts of materials with deep black colour which can be separated as food colour, molasses are very cheap and feasible to be used for this purpose. Aliquots of diluted molasses, after adjusting the pH, were passed through the column followed by extraction with acidified alcohol. The highest yield of extraction (76.3%) was obtained by using diluted molasses (10° BX) and 150 ml of Amberlite resins. The solvent was removed and the solid colour was obtained by evaporating the water using a freeze drying system.
The colour was characterized by determining its solubility, amount of ash, and sugar content and its colouring ability. Also, the stability of the colour under different conditions of acidic pH, temperature, and visible light was investigated. In addition, the colour values of the colour solution were measured by Hunter lab system.
The colour was compared with the imported caramel which is used in the black soft drinks of Zam Zam. Both had almost the same values of λmax. Also, their sensitivities to pH changes were similar. Samples of soft drinks made by using the prepared colour were compared with those made by caramel under different conditions of storage such as temperature and light. On the whole, the colour was found to be a very suitable replacement for caramel in the production of black soft drinks.
Also the colour was used as partial replacement for cocoa powder in making chocolate milk. The taste panel showed that cocoa powder can be replaced by the colour powder by 20% with almost no detectable differences. The caramel from molasses is safe and can be used as a food colour. The cost of production was estimated at about 10 Rials per gram of caramel. Thus, from an economical point of view, industrial production of caramel from molasses is profitable.
A. Siah-Marguee, M. H. Rashed-Mohassel, M. Nasiri-Mahallati, M. Banayan-Awal, H. Rahimiyan-Mashhadi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2006)
Abstract
This study was conducted in a sugar beet field at Collage of Agriculture Experimental Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. In order to describe the pattern of spatial variations and density of Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus sp., Portulaca oleracea, Echinochla crus-galli, and Convulvulus arvense as the main prevalent annual and perennial weeds of sugar beet fields, geostatistic methods were used. Samples were taken by systematic method from the corners of (7m × 7m) grids, using (0.5m × 0.5m) quadrates in three stages (before application of herbicides, after herbicide treatment, and before harvesting sugar beets). The integrity of spatial variation of variables was determined by using variogram functions and distribution maps of species. The variograms indicated that variations of all variables did not happen by chance. The maximum and minimum ranges of variation were observed in Solanum nigrum (by 142.7m) and Portulaca oleracea (by 1.5m), respectively. Both maximum and minimum ranges of variations were related to pre herbicide application. The highest and the lowest spatial correlations were related to Amaranthus sp. (in the third sampling treatment) and Solanum nigrum (in the first stage of sampling), respectively. The spatial distribution maps confirmed the patchiness distribution of the weeds. The patch of weed was constructed from a dense point at the center, gradually tapering toward the edges. The patches were skewed across the rows and irrigation channels. The structure of patches altered during the growing season. Any information on the distribution of weeds in the fields can be useful to improve decision makings in relation to applying the herbicides, selecting the herbicide type or applying the amount of herbicide. Also it can be useful to better design of weed control programs.
L. Khodaei, H. Rahimian, R. Amiri, M. Mesbah, A. Mirzaei Asl, S. K. Kazemitabar,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Genetic male sterility is controlled by one pair of ressesive allele (aa) in sugar beet. This trait is used in most breeding programes. The exsistance of the character in a line or population facilitates transfer of important trait to the breeding material (for example resistance to plant disease). Also, it is possible to increase genetic diversity of monogerm populations by using genetic male sterility. The time and cost of transferring of this gene will be decreased, if the character is tagged with a molecular marker. Bulked segregant analysis using 302 RAPD primers in two F2 populations (231 and 261 population) was performed for the the identification of RAPD markers linked to the genetic male sterility gene. DNA preparation from 8 male fertile and male sterile plants were separately mixed. At first, the primers were tested on bulks. The primers with polymorphic bands were tested on individual plants of the bulks. Only if the polymorphism of the primers was confirmed, they were tested on the other individual plants. Finally, 10 and 6 markers were identified in 231 and 261 populations, respectively, which their distances to male sterility gene were lower than 50 cM. AB-8-18-600r marker was the nearest marker to male sterility gene. This marker showed only 3 and 1 recombination in 231 and 261 populations, respectively. The distance of this marker and genetic male sterility locus was estimated as 5.3 cM in combined F2 populations.
A. Shadmehr, P. Norouzi, G.h. Garosi, N. Yavari,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
In this research, after optimization of sterilizing cyst and larvae of second stage of Heterodera schachtii, the possibility of using nematode on seedlings of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in in vitro condition was studied for developing larvae to cyst. For this purpose, non sterile cysts were extracted from infected soil and hatched into zinc chloride solution with concentration of 0.5gl-1. Then, for preparation of sterile second stage larvae, several sterilizing treatments were used . Mean comparisons were performed between sterilized live larvae number by Duncan's method. Results showed that 70% ethanol for 1 minute followed by 5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes were the best treatments for disinfecting cysts and larvae, respectively. In the next step, two nematode susceptible sugar beet varieties were applied to produce cyst from the larvae in in vitro culture. PGoB medium containing different hormonal compositions was used to produce hairy roots and inoculation of seedling with sterilized larvae. After nematode inoculation tests, were the stained cysts were observed under stereomicroscope and counted 40 days later. Five to twelve cysts were formed on the roots of each seedling from two varieties. As a result, it seems that this technique can be used for sugar beet germplasm evaluation to screen nematode resistant genotypes in in vitro controlled condition.
N. Miran , A. Samadi,
Volume 16, Issue 61 (10-2012)
Abstract
To establish DRIS norms in sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) and compare them with DOP index, leaf samples were collected from 57 fields and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations were determined. On the bases of crop yield, the fields were divided into two groups with low and high yielding performances. Standard DRIS norms were established for the different nutrient ratios. DRIS indices were calculated to evaluate nutrient balances and order of nutrients requirements. Sufficiency ranges of macro and micro nutrients were derived by DRIS technique. DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges were 3.0-5.4, 0.21-0.47, 1.7-3.7, 0.55-1.6, 0.19-0.34% for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 24-168, 10-19, 42-138, 10-14, 9-20 mg/kg for Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, B, respectively. DRIS indices showed that among macro and micro nutrients in all low yielding fields, Phosphorus and copper had the most negative index values, respectively. The nutritional balance index (NBI) of DRIS and of DOP (∑DOP) were much more than zero in all low-yielding fields, indicating that there was imbalance between the absorbed nutrients by sugar beet. Comparison of the DRIS method with the DOP showed that both methods provide similar information in the interpretation of the results of leaf analysis.
E. Ahmadpoor Dehkordi, M. R. Tadayon, A. Tadayon,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (11-2015)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of urban wastewater and different fertilizer sources on macro and micro nutrients' concentration and shoot dry weight of sugar beet, a field experiment was arranged as a split plot in RCBD design with three replications at Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013. The main factors included irrigation with urban wastewater at 2-4 leaf stage and 8-12 leaf stage, and irrigation with normal water (control). The four types of fertilizer included sheep manure, spent mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer (control) in the sub-plot. The results showed that the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage significantly increased leaf number and shoot dry weight of sugar beet compared to the plot irrigated with tap water. Besides, the plot irrigated with urban wastewater at 8-12 leaf stage had a significant effect on the elements of N, P and K concentration in shoot dry weight of sugar beet, but the plot irrigated with urban wastewater did not significantly affect the elements of Fe and Zn concentration. From among the fertilizer treatments, the maximum shoot dry weight and leaf number per plant belonged to the application of sheep manure and also the highest elements of Fe and Zn concentrations belonged to the treatment of spent mushroom compost.
