J. Abedi Koupai, S. S. Eslamian, M. Khaleghi,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (3-2013)
Abstract
Crisis of quality and quantity of water resources is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran. Wastewater treatment and reuse as a potential source of water can not only compensate for the water scarcity but also can prevent the hazardous pollutants from entering the groundwater and surface water resources. There are various methods to improve water quality, among which method of filtration is an effective and efficient method to remove elements. The most important issue for filter system is the selection of adsorbent materials. In this work, the tire chips were used as adsorbent. Column adsorption tests in a pilot system were conducted in two distinct steps using two types of water, including salt water and industrial effluents. Each test was conducted as a factorial experiment with three factors based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Three factors were studied including particle size (2-5 mm and 3-5 cm), filter thickness (10, 30 and 50 cm) and sorbent contact time with solution. The results showed that adsorption rate increased by increasing the thickness of the filter and sorbent contact time with solution. The best performance of reducing the salinity was observed in the treatment with 50 centimeter thickness and 24 contact hours. The salinity of this treatment was reduced by 20.3 percent (in the test with salt water) and 11.2 percent (in the test with industrial effluents). This filter reduced the heavy metals of lead, zinc and manganese up to 99, 72.1 and 41.4 percent, respectively. Also, the performance of millimeter and centimeter particles did not show a significant difference. Generally, the tire chips showed a proper performance to improve the water quality especially for industrial wastewater.
Y. Choopan, A. Khashei Siuki,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Due to the availability of limited water resources in the country, it is necessary to use unconventional water. On the other hand, application of minerals such as Zeolite (Zo) is necessary to simulate plant growth and reduce the harmful effects of wastewater. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation by wastewater with Zo on cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) based on a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement in Torbat Heydarieh, 2014. For this purpose, irrigation water treatment at 2 levels (I1: irrigation with normal water and I2: irrigation with effluent) and Zeolite (Zo) treatment at 2 levels (Z0: No Zo application and Z1: application of K+ Zeolite at 4% weight) were considered with three replications. The results showed that the irrigation water type had a significant effect on the seed index, yield, cotton weight, number of leaves per plant and the lint percentage. The rate of Zeolite (Zo) did not show any significant effect on any traits, such as Kiel percentage, seed index, cotton weight, number of leaves per plant and cotton yield. The interaction between the irrigation water and the amount of Zo had a significant effect only on the number of leaves per plant. The results also showed that the highest lint percentage, cotton weight and number of leaves per plant in the irrigation by the effluent with No Zo application (I2Z0) treatment with the values of 64.3 and 11.23 gr and 36.3 numbers and the lowest values for the seed index, yield and number of leaves per plant in irrigation by normal water with No Zo application (I1Z0) were obtained with the values of 0.52 and 78 gr and 24.8.
