Showing 19 results for Urea
H. Noushad, A. Ronaghi, N. Karimian,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2001)
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer application for corn (Zea mays L.) based on available N of soil can decrease the need to N fertilizer and, consequently, reduce the risk of environmental pollution, especially that of groundwater and drinking water. The objectives of this study were i) determining soil N03-N critical level at 4 to 6 leaf stage, ii) to study soil nitrate distribution, iii) determining N rate required for maximum corn grain yield, iv) measuring soil residual nitrate nitrogen after harvesting, and v) using hand chlorophyll meter to evaluate N status of corn. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Bajgah and Kooshkak research stations (Fars Province) in 1996 using a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plots were control, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha-1 as urea. At 4 to 6 leaf stage each main plot was divided into two sub-plots and N was applied at 60 kg N ha-1 rate to one sub-plot and the other sub-plot was left as control.
Results showed that critical soil N03-N level at 4 to 6 leaf stage in 0-30 cm depth for 90 percent relative yield in Bajgah was 12-14 and for Kooshkak was 8-10 mg kg-1 soil. The highest coefficient of determination between corn grain yield and soil N03-N in 0-30 cm depth for Bajgah was in furrow sample and for Kooshkak was in furrow and shoulder composite sample. In both sites, maximum corn grain yield, with 15.5% moisture content, was about 14 mg ha-1 that was obtained through the application of 120 kg N ha-1 as preplant plus 60 kg N ha-1 as sidedress which is about 1/2 of the application rate used by local farmers. The highest residual soil N03-N after harvesting was 24 and 18 and the lowest was 2.6 and 3 mg kg-1 soil for Bajgah and Kooshkak soils, respectively. When maximum corn grain yield was obtained, chlorophyll meter reading at the middle of leaf blade at dough stage, was 49 for both sites. It seems that N fertilizer application rate by local farmers is excessive.
F. Noorbakhsh, S. Hajrasuliha, G. Emtiazy,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2001)
Abstract
The urease enzyme plays an important role in the efficient use of urea fertilizer and some environmental risk assessment. Urease activities in 20 different soil samples of arid to semi-arid regions of Isfahan Province were determined and their correlations with some soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics were studied. Urease activities range from 5.3 to 79.2 µg NH4
+ g
-1 soil 2hr
-1.
Results indicated that soil organic carbon was significantly correlated with urease activity (r=0.899***). None of sand, silt and clay percentages were significantly correlated with urease activity. Total nitrogen was significantly correlated with urease activity (r=0.797***). Electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts were also negatively correlated (r=-0.499*) but sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH, equivalent calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity failed to be correlated significantly with urease activity. No significant correlations were found between urease activity and total bacteria (on nutrient agar) or total fungi (on potato dextrose agar), but the bacteria that could colonize urea-agar media were significantly correlated with urease activity (r=0.47*). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that organic carbon accounted for most of the variation in urease activity.
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard, M.j. Zamiri,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2001)
Abstract
Three levels of urea (0, 0.5 and 0.75% on fresh weight basis) were added to whole corn plants to investigate their effects on the chemical composition, and digestibility in 16 Ghezel male lambs using a completely randomized design. Rumen degradability and nutritive values were also evaluated.
pH, total nitrogen and ammonia-N concentration of silages increased (P<0.05) with the addition of urea. Total nitrogen apparent digestibility was higher (P<0.05) with the urea addition. Nitrogen balance in ruminal fluid increased (P<0.05) with the addition of 0.5% urea. pH and ammonia-N concentration increased (P<0.05) with the addition of urea until 1.5 hr post feeding. Blood serum urea nitrogen concentration was higher (P<0.05) with the addition of urea until 6 hr post feeding. Potential degradability of dry matter and organic matter was higher at 0.5% urea level. Average daily gain increased with the urea addition and was highest (212.88 gr) at 0.75% urea. Subcutaneous fat depth was significantly (P<0.0l) lower for the sheep fed with 0.5% urea-treated silage as compared to other treatments. The results indicated that feed efficiency may be improved by urea addition and that the addition of urea (0.5% on fresh weight basis) may be recommended in order to increase the feeding value of whole corn plants.
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (7-2002)
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and urea on chemical composition, nutritive value and rumen fermentation characteristics of whole-crop barley. In a completely randomized design with cross over arrangement, 4 Suffolk male lambs were used. Whole-crop barley was either treated with LAB solution (35% dry matter) at the rate of 2 L/ton herbage fresh weight or urea (55% dry matter) at the rate of 40 Kg/ton dry matter herbage and ensiled for 60 days. Low dry matter silages had lower pH and higher residual water soluble carbohydrates, ammonia-N, lactic acid and ethanol and higher lactate:acetate ratios. LAB resulted in higher lactic acid content and lactate:acetate ratios. DM (P<0.001), OM (P<0.01), NDF (P<0.05), ADF (P<0.01) and total nitrogen (TN) digestibility increased with additives. Mean rumen ammonia-N concentration and pH significantly (P<0.05) increased with urea-treated silages. Rumen propionate concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher with LAB-treated silages than with urea-treated ones. The results indicated that the addition of LAB at the rate of 2 L/ton fresh weight to whole-crop barley at 35% dry matter enhanced fermentation and nutritive value.
M. J. Moghbeli Hanzaii, E. Tafazoli,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2002)
Abstract
Alternate bearing is a key factor in limiting citrus production. Chemical controls have proved to be the most effective solution to this problem. Two different experiments were conducted to study the effects of different growth regulators (GA3, NAA, Ethephon) and urea on alternate bearing control in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata). In the first experiment, GA3 at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mgl-1 were applied 3 times during late autumn and early winter 1993 on off trees. Flowers reduced as a result of GA3 application in the following spring but increased in the second spring. Best results obtained with 50 and 75 mgl-1. In the 2nd experiment thinning agents: NAA (0, 100, 200 and 300 mgl-1), ethephon (0, 100, 200, 300 mgl-1) and urea (0, 4, 8 and 12%) were sprayed to the trees on on-year, when the fruitlets were about 0.75-1 cm in diameter. The results indicated that urea had no effect however, both NAA and ethephon were effective on thinning of fruits and control of fruiting. Ethephon at 200 and 300 mgl-1, and NAA at 400 mgl-1 gave the best results.
E. Rowghani Haghighi Fard, M. J. Zamiri,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
The effect of adding two urea levels (0.5 and 0.75% on fresh basis) to whole-crop barley (WCB) on chemical compositon and digestibility in Ghezel rams was studied. The effect of including these silages in the ration of fattening Ghezel and Mehraban rams was also investigated.
Urea supplementation of WCB silage resulted in an increase in pH, total nitrogen level, and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber of WCB silage were not affected by urea treatment (P>0.05), but apparent digestibility coefficient of total nitrogen was higher for 0.5% urea-WCB silage. Apparent digestibility coefficients of total nitrogen and nitrogen balance were higher for 0.5% urea-WCB silage than for 0.75% urea-WCB silage, but the differences were not significant. Ruminal fluid pH at 2.5 h, and ammonia-nitrogen concentration at 4 h post-feeding were higher for 0.75% urea-WCB silage than for 0.5% urea-WCB silage (P<0.05). BUN levels (<20 mg per dl) in sheep fed with a mixture of alfalfa hay and silages were not affected by the treatment. The potential and effective degradabilities of dry matter and crude protein were higher for 0.75% urea-WCB silage. Feed performance and carcass characteristics were not significantly different amongst diets. The results showed that urea supplementation at 0.75% fresh basis, at the time of ensiling, may have a beneficial effect on feeding value of WCB silage.
M. Babashahi, Gh. Ghorbani, H. R. Rahmani,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2004)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional status in Isfahan dairy herds and the relationship between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and fertility in the first postpartum insemination. Blood and milk samples were collected from 170 and 290 Holstein cows from 9 dairy herds, respectively. Feed samples were also collected to quantify the relationship between MUN and protein and energy content of the ration. When simple linear regression was used, a close relationship was found to exist between blood and milk urea nitrogen. Regression equations indicated crude protein percentage and protein to energy ratio in the diet only explained 7 and 10 percent of milk urea nitrogen variations, respectively. The low correlation coefficient is probably due to incorrect nutritional management and variation in diet composition in different feeding days. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between MUN and fertility. A negative curvilinear relationship existed between MUN and rate of pregnancy at first insemination. Since cows with MUN concentrations of 16.5 to 19 mg/dl had a better chance for pregnancy than those having either below or above these values, it seems likely that pregnancy chances for those cows having this range of MUN concentration are 1.94 and 1.63 times more than cows with less than 14 mg/dl and between 14 - 16 mg/dl, respectively.
The results of this study indicated that although MUN is a useful tool for nutritional management of dairy cows, it is not suitable for monitoring reproductive performance.
A. Zare Shahneh, H. Sadeghi Panah,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of fetal growth rate on plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, total protein, and urea in ewes, this experiment was conducted at Animal Research Station of Tehran University Agricultural College. Sixteen pregnant Varamini ewes were allocated to 4 groups (n=4). During the breeding season, ewes of group 1 were mated by Varamini ram, animals in groups 2, 3 and 4 were mated by Moghani, Afshari and Shall rams, respectively. Because of the different genetic capacities of sires, fetal growth rate was expected to be different in various groups. Ewes in all groups were fed the same ration, so it was expected that differences in fetal growth rates would affect the mobilization of maternal fat and protein storage and blood levels of their metabolites. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of ewes during the last 8 weeks of pregnancy and first week after lambing.
Plasma levels of glucose, cholestrol, and triglycerid were not different among 4 groups. Total plasma protein in ewes carrying heavier fetuses was lower than in ewes with lighter fetuses (p<0.05). Conversely, plasma urea concentrations in ewes with heavier fetuses were higher than in ewes with lighter fetuses.
M. Alikhani, A. A. Alamooti, Gh. R. Ghorbani, N. Sadeghi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2005)
Abstract
Whole plant sunflower and sunflower without head were ensiled in plastic containers using additives in a 2×2×2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Additives were molasses, urea (at 4 and 0.5 percent wet basis respectively), and a bacterial inoculant (Agros 6gr/ton of forage as manufacture’s instruction). Compared with silages without head, ensiling sunflower as whole plant resulted in lower pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash versus higher concentrations of crude protein and ether extract (EE). No significant effect of seed was observed on lactic acid concentration and dry matter degradability (P<0.05). With the addition of molasses, the cell wall components and the EE concentrations reduced, but dry matter content increased. Highest degradability of dry matter was also observed in molasses-treated silages (average 58.04, P<0.007). With the addition of urea a significant increase was seen in CP content of either whole plant or headless silages (P<0.0001) with no effect on other fermentation characteristics. Bacterial inoculation of silages elevated the levels of lactic acid (2.81% DM) with more pronounced effect on headless than whole plant silages. Regardless of type of additives, butyric acid concentrations were ideally minimal (near to 2%) indicating least clostridial damage. The qualitative visual evaluation of the silage on the basis of scale of 1-20 for the smel, colour and structure of the silage and giving number to the mold damage on the basis of 1-10 placed all the treatment in an acceptable quality, although the mold damage was highest in silages without molasses. Results of this experiment indicated that better quality of silalges could be provided by adding molasses and ensiling whole plant sunflower. Improving quality of silages contained molasses might necesitate the additiion of a source of water-soluble carbohydrate at ensiling.
A.a. Besalatpour , M.a. Hajabbasi, V. Dorostkar , Gh. Torabi,
Volume 14, Issue 53 (10-2010)
Abstract
Presence of petroleum contaminants in soil may be toxic to human and organisms and act as a source of ground water contamination hence, remediation of these compounds from environment is vital. In this study, first the feasibility of remediation of two petroleum-contaminated soil samples around Tehran Oil Refinery (oil refinery landfill and agricultural soils) was assessed using landfarming technique during a four month experimental period. The elimination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from soils treated through landfarming technique was then investigated in the rhizosphere of agropyron and fescue. The results showed that microbial respiration increased due to landfarming processes in both soils. Urease activity in the landfarming treatment for agricultural soil was 21, 45, 26, and 23% higher than the control at the end of first to the 4th months of experiment, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed between the landfarming and control treatments for landfill soil at the end of experiment. Furthermore, about 50 and 57% reduction in TPH-concentration was observed in the landfarming treatment for landfill and agricultural soils at the end of experiment, respectively. In the phytoremediation study, presence of TPHs in both landfarming and control treatments reduced dry matter yield of the studied plants. Urease activity in the rhizosphere of fescue and agropyron was higher than in the unplanted soil. Degradation of petroleum-compounds in the landfill soil under landfarming treatment was more than 20 and 40% in the presence of fescue and agropyron, respectively. The influence of agropyron on TPH-removal from agricultural soil under the landfarming treatment was also higher than fescue.
H. Dehghan-Menshadi, M. A. Bahmanyar, S. Salek Gilani, A. Lakzian,
Volume 16, Issue 60 (7-2012)
Abstract
Biological indicators are considered soil quality elements, due to their dependence on soil organisms. In order to investigate The effect of compost and vermicompost enriched by chemical fertilizers and manure on soil organic carbon, microbial respiration, and enzymes activity in basil plant's rhizosphere, a field experiment was conducted as a split-plot design with randomized complete blocks and three replications in 2006. The main plot involved six levels of fertilizer including: 20 and 40 tons of compost enriched, 20 and 40 tons of vermicompost enriched per hectare, chemical fertilizer and control without fertilizer and sub-plot, and period of application (two, three and four years). The results showed that application of compost and vermicompost at all levels increased soil organic carbon (OC) and soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass and urease activity compared to the controls (p<0.05), but increasing trend among the treatments was not similar. The maximum amounts of OC, soil microbial respiration and enzyme activity were observed in 40 tons of vermicompost enriched with chemical fertilizer ha-1 with four years of application. In high levels of compost application, the urease activity was decreased.
H. Rahmani, A. Lakzian, A. R. Karimi Karouyeh, A. Halajnia,
Volume 17, Issue 65 (12-2013)
Abstract
Urease is one of the most important enzymes in nitrogen cycle. The clay particles (with high surface area) play an important role in the stability of these protein compounds (enzymes) against various environmental factors. In order to examine the interactions between urease with sepiolite and vermiculite, three in vitro experiments were conducted separately in a completely randomized design. Two experiments were carried out with two replications. Treatments included six incubation times (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 days) and five levels of temperature (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ˚C). The third experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with two replications. Factors included three levels of pH (5, 7 and 9), and six-levels of enzyme concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 1, 5, 15 and 30 units). The results showed that the activity of adsorbed enzyme was more than free enzyme during the incubation time. The optimum temperatures for activity of free and adsorbed enzymes were 30 and 50 ˚C, respectively. It was concluded that enzyme adsorption on clay surfaces increases enzyme stability against environmental changes. Also, the results showed that the highest levels of urease adsorption on sepiolite and vermiculite occurred at pH 9 and 7, respectively. Adsorption isotherms of Enzyme showed that Vermiculite adsorbed urease with higher affinity compared to Sepiolite.
M. Sarmast, M. H. Farpoor, M. Sarcheshmehpoor, M. Karimian Eghbal,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (9-2014)
Abstract
Biocalcite infilling and bridging in a sandy soil was studied in the present research. Effects of 2 bacterial species (Sporosarcina pasteurii and Sporosarcina ureae), 3 reactant concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M of urea and CaCl2 mixture), and 6 reaction times (12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 288 hr) on saturated hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength of a sandy soil were studied as a factorial experiment. Soil samples were selected from sand dunes of Joopar area, Kerman Province. Bacterial inoculums and reactant solutions were daily added to soil columns. Results of the study showed that S. pasteuriihad had a higher effect on decreasing hydraulic conductivity of the treated samples (11.57 cm/h) compared to the blank (41.61 cm/h) than S. ureae. Increasing reaction times (from 12 to 288 hrs) and reactant concentrations (from 0.5 to 1.5 M) decreased hydraulic conductivity by 49 and 16 %, respectively. S. pasteurii increased strength of treated samples up to 2.6 Mpa pressure compared to S. ureae. Reactant concentrations and reaction times increased soil strength significantly (2.13 and 4.1 Mpa, respectively). Micromorphological observation showed calcite crystals bridging soil particles and filling pore spaces.
H. Rahmani, A. Lakzian, A. R. Karimi, A. Halajnia,
Volume 20, Issue 78 (1-2017)
Abstract
Urea is one of the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands. The fate of this fertilizer in soils is greatly related to the soil urease enzyme activity, while this enzyme commonly exists in the adsorbed state on the surface of soil colloids, and especially clay minerals. In order to examine the kinetic properties of free and adsorbed Urease on the surface of sepiolite and vermiculite, an experiment was carried out with eight levels of urea concentration (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mM). This experiment was done with enzyme concentration of 1 unit in temperature of 25˚C and pH=7. Adsorption of urease on the clay surfaces affected its kinetic properties compared to the free state. The results showed that urease enzyme obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetic in both free and adsorbed states on the clay surfaces. Except free urease, the highest and lowest values of Vmax and Km were observed in urease-sepiolite and urease-vermiculite complexes, respectively. Also, the results showed that except free urease, the highest levels of Catalytic Efficiency were related to urease in the presence of vermiculite and sepiolite, respectively. The Effectiveness Factor was more for adsorbed urease on the sepiolite surface than adsorbed urease on the vermiculite surface, and the fact somehow suggests more complete diffusion in the presence of sepiolite.
M. H. Rasouli0-Sadaghiani, H. Khodaverdiloo, M. Barin, S. Kazemalilou,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
The use of plants and soil microorganisms is a promising technique for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the soil microbial potential with four Cd concentration levels (0, 10, 30 and 100 mg kg-1); the study also addressed the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species (a mixture of Glomus species including G. intraradices, G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum) as well as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (a mixture of Pseudomonas species including P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa) with the Centaurea cyanus plant. The soil sample was spiked uniformly with Cd nitrate salt to create different Cd concentrations. The contaminated soils were then sterilized and subsequently inoculated with AMF and PGPR. The results indicated that with increasing the soil Cd concentration, colonization percent, abundance of rhizobateria, shoot biomass, and shoot relative biomass were significantly decreased, while the proline content and the shoot Cd concentration were significantly increased (P≤0.05). The mean of Cd extracted in AMF and PGPR treatments was 1.8 and 2.8 and the translocation factor was 1.2 and 1.5 times higher, as compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively. It could be concluded that microbial inoculation, in addition to improving plant growth, plays an important role in the Cd phytoremediation efficiency by plant.
R. Darabi Kandlaji, Shahin Oustan, Nasser Aliasgharzad, N. Najafi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Nitrification is one of the most active biological processes in the soils receiving ammonium nitrogen. The rate of this process is under the influence of several factors and their interactions. In this study, the effects of ammonium concentration and moisture content on the extent of nitrification in two soil samples named A (Loam) and B (Clay loam), which had been taken, respectively, from Marand and Ahar areas, were investigated. A two-week factorial incubation experiment (25±0.5°C) was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors were urea nitrogen at five levels (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg N kg-1), moisture content at three levels (0.55FC-0.60FC, 0.75FC-0.80FC and 0.95FC-FC) and two soil types (A and B). At the end of the experiment, concentrations of ammonium and nitrate as well as the values of pH and EC were determined. Based on the results, average nitrification at 0.55FC-0.60FC was 22 percent lower than that at 0.95FC-FC and no significant difference was observed between 0.75FC-0.80FC and 0.95FC-FC. Nitrification at the treatment of 400 mg N kg-1and 0.55FC-0.60FC was decreased considerably and 25 percent of the added ammonium was accumulated. The average ammonium concentrations did not significantly vary among the levels of 50, 100 and 200 mg N kg-1, but these concentrations were significantly lower than those of 400 mg N kg-1. Moreover, EC and pH values of the soils were significantly increased and decreased in response to the nitrification (0.54 dS m-1 and 0.59 at the application level of 200 mg N kg-1, respectively). On average, the results showed higher nitrification (40.3 mg N kg-1) in the soil A (Loam texture) than the soil B (Clay loam).
M Rezaei Pasha, K Shahedi, Q. Vahabzadeh, A. Kavian, M. Ghajar Sepanlou, P. Jouquet,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
One of the management practices to reduce the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and to protect soil and water resources is applying a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers that can better than using them separately. Therefore, in order to understand and identify the effectiveness of this management practice, it is necessary to examine runoff and sediment production. This study was carried out in an agricultural sloping land located in the North of Iran, near Sari city. For this purpose, runoff measurement plots of 1 × 5 m were set up under natural rainfall based on a randomized block experimental design. Soil samples were measured at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In this study, parameters such as runoff (volume, nitrate content, sediment yields), soil physical features (porosity and infiltration coefficient), and soil chemical properties (EC, OC, N, CEC, pH) were measured. The results showed that among soil chemical and physical properties, just N, EC and pH significantly influenced the Municipal Solid Waste Compost. A PCA was carried out, showing that these treatments explained 74.35% of the total variance of the results. Accordingly, it could be stated that using soil and water conservation management practices can rapidly significantly improve the soil properties in the sloping lands.
M. Maleki-Kakelar, M. Yavari,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Biocementation through microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a recently developed new branch in geotechnical engineering that improves the mechanical properties of bio-treated soils. The potential application of MICP to handle problems such as liquefaction and erosion has been established; this technique offers an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and convenient alternative to traditional soil improvement approaches. Nevertheless, in spite of the widespread demonstration of the process at laboratory scale, few field and practical applications have been implemented to assess the efficiency of the biochemical process. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the utilization of MICP for soil improvement and discusses the treatment process including the key constituents involved and the main affecting factors, especially in field scale applications. The major contribution of this research is to identify the main parameters restricting the application of this method on site. Finally, technical and commercial progress in the industrial adoption of the technology and the main challenges that are ahead for the future research prior to real practical application are briefly discussed.
M.m. Matinzadeh, J. Abedi Koupai, M. Shayannejad, A. Sadeghi-Lari , H. Nozari,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Using water and fertilizer management at the farm level can be increased water use efficiency and reduce the volume of drainage water, fertilizer losses, and other pollutants in farmland with deep underground drains such as Khuzestan agro-industrial Companies. In the present study, a comprehensive simulation model for the water cycle and the nitrogen dynamics modeling was used for water and fertilizer management modeling on farmland of sugarcane in Imam Agro-Industrial Company using a system dynamics approach. To reduce irrigation water consumption and nitrogen fertilizer losses, five different scenarios were considered including four scenarios of water management consist of 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent reduction in the amount of irrigation water (I1, I2, I3, and I4) compared to the current situation of irrigation in Imam agro-industrial Company (I0), and one scenario of integrated water and fertilizer management (20% reduction in the amount of irrigation water and urea fertilizer 210 Kg/ha, I4F). The results of modeling showed that the scenario of I4F caused to reduce 31, 70, 71, 70, and 85 percent of the cumulative volume of drainage water, cumulative nitrate and ammonium losses, total losses of cumulative nitrate, and ammonium by tile-drain and cumulative losses of denitrification process, respectively. Thus, the implementation of this scenario, not only saves water and fertilizer consumption but also reduces environmental pollution effectively. So the scenario of I4F (amount of irrigation water for six months 2656 mm and urea fertilizer 210 Kg/ha) is recommended for sugarcane in the Imam agro-industrial Company.
