Showing 7 results for Utilization
A.a. Vali, M. Bassiri,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (10-2000)
Abstract
Artemisia is the major component of the vegetation of a large portion of arid lands in Iran. Determining the utilization rate is an essential element in the management of these rangelands. Methods of determining the utilization regime for woody plants and shrubs include clipping and weighing, reference unit, ocular estimate, twig length, branch diameter and production index. These methods were used in Chahlor winter range in Jarghoyeh, 250 Km southeast of Isfahan. Clipping and weighing is the most accurate although the most time-consuming method. In this research, means of utilization percentages obtained from the above methods were compared with the mean obtained from the clipping and weighing method using T-test.
Data obtained from reference unit, twig length, and branch diameter methods were not significantly different from those of clipping and weighing method (P>0.0l). Since reference unit was the least time-consuming among these methods, it was selected as a proper method of utilization measurement of Artemisia stands.
S. Ayoubi, A. Jalalian, J. Givi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2001)
Abstract
Qualitative land suitability evaluation is based on the physical parameters affecting the yield agricultural crops. The socio-economic factors are not considered in such evaluations. This study was carried out to assess the qualitative land suitability for irrigated wheat, barley, maize and rice in northern Baraan. Five soil series and 25 different phases were first delineated. Land utilization types commonly practiced in the region with intermediate input levels were considered. Physical requirements of the crops were determined and ranked using the available information. FAO framework and the proposed method of Sys were used for the evaluation. Qualitative evaluation was carried out according to both simple limitation and parametric methods by comparing land and climatic characteristics with crop requirements.
It was shown that in addition to climatic factors, soil salinity, drainage and some soil physical properties such as texture, gravel and lime are the most limiting factors. Land physical suitability for rice production was very low in most land units. The results from physical evaluation by parametric method were very close to those from the simple limitation approach.
F. Amiri, M. Bassiri, M. Iravani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
The vast and diverse rangelands of Iran require the selection of appropriate methods for grazing intensity measurement in the different vegetation types. Methods can be compared on the bases of time and budget as well as their accuracy. In this study nine methods of the utilization measurement were conducted on the E. ceratoides stands of Hanna exclosure Semirom, Isfahan province. The duncan multiple range test was used to compare mean utilization percentages obtained from the different methods, with paired cage method data was used as control group. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was also used to compare methods for accuracy, time and budget. The means from reference unite, twig length, production index, plant count and stem count methods had significant (p<0.05) differences compared with control group but were comparatively time consuming and more expensive than other methods. The height-weight method resulted in an estimate with no significant difference with the control group. This method was also fastest and least expensive among methods with the accurate results (p<0.05).
A. M. Amini, A. Ahmadi, A. Papzan,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2007)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of and reasons for farmers’ disagreement on implementation of land consolidation projects. Part of needed information was collected through questionnaire and interviewing 75 farmers in 6 unsuccessful villages in Kermanshah and Lenjanat region and also visiting some performed and ongoing projects. Other part of information was obtained by questionnaire and interviewing 44 experts involved with performing the project in Jahad Agricultural offices. Fragmentation of properties were measured by Januszewski fragmentation coefficient. Correlation coefficient and comparison of mean were used to analyzed the information. The results showed that disagreement of farmers is the most important obstacle for progress on land consolidatin projects, which accounted for farmers. In Lanjanat, these farmers have a better land structures in respect to size and fragmentation of parcels. In both rejoin reasons for farmer’s disagreement are divided in three groups: logical-justified reasons, logical-unjustified and illogical. Mediation, preference and legislative force are the three interactive methods to satisfy these farmers. To decrease disagreements and promote land consolidation in the two regions, following suggestions are offered: education and extension, correcting the technical and adminestrative methods of land consolidation and legal and judicial supports to implement the projects.
B. Najafi, A. Shirvanian, T. Haghshenas,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
In the process of agricultural development, sustainability of pasture utilization to ensure sustained production of meat and dairy products has become increasingly important. This article aims to study factors affecting pasture and meat production imbalances in Fars province. For this purpose, the transcendental production function was used. Data was collected by using two stage cluster random sampling from 71 producers. The results revealed that present method of pasture utilization is not compatible with increasing live animal meat production objective. To optimize pasture utilization, the pasture users should be advised to stop overgrazing. In addition, the results indicated that increasing livestock and pasture mismanagement causes damage to pastures and consequently would decrease meat production in the long-run.
I. Vayskarami, K. Payamani, A. Shahkarami, A. Sepahvand,
Volume 17, Issue 65 (12-2013)
Abstract
The main aim of flood water spreading in Iran is to recharge groundwater. Understanding the effect and efficiency of such projects is one of the most important activities in managing and implementing water spreading. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of water spreading on groundwater resources in Kohdasht plain. Data and information required including precipitation rate, groundwater level and groundwater exploitation were collected and analyzed for a ten year period. First of all, in order to assess the three variables test of normality was performed and then all the data was normalized. The results showed that before implementing the water spreading project, fluctuations of groundwater were proportional to utilization of groundwater resources, showing a declining rate. After implementing the project, a turning point on groundwater level was observed. Also, another turning point was recognizable in hydrological year 1377-1378. In addition to overexploitation, drought affected the aquifer so dramatically that standard index in hydrological year 1371-1372 decreased from 0.3 to -1.5 in hydrological year 1377-1378.
M. Habibian, S. Jafari, M. Sheklabadi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Sugarcane is cultivated in the wide area in Khuzestan province. In these areas, irrigated sugarcane cultivation consumes more than 30,000 cubic meters per hectare annually. This research was carried out to determine the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process and forms of iron oxides. Different sugarcane fields with different utilization times were selected and soil physico-chemical properties and different Fe forms were measured. The results showed that with enhancing the utilization time, the total amount of total iron oxides (Fed) and crystalline iron oxides (Fed-Feo) was increased. The average value of the Fed from 6958 mg/kg in the fields with a medium utilization history was decreased to 4560 mg/kg in fields with a short utilization history. Similarly, the average amount of crystalline iron oxide from 5888.3 mg/kg in the fields with a long utilization history was decreased to 5003.9 mg/kg in the fields with a short utilization hostory. This increase reflected the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process in the cultivated fields. The amount of non-crystalline iron oxides (Feo) was decreased from 443.9 mg/kg from the soil surface to 273.8 mg/kg to the subsurface. This increase was related to the more organic matter and the microbial activity in the surface soil. The amount of active iron (Feo/Fed) was dropped in all fields after the cultivation. Also, this ratio was dropped from 0.055 in the fields with a long cultivation history to 0.064 in the fields with a short utilized field. The results, therefore, showed that the increase of crystalline iron oxides was due to sugarcane and its heavy irrigation.
