Showing 8 results for Water Deficit
H. R. Balouchi, S. A. M. Modarres Sanavy, Y. Emam, M. Barzegar,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (10-2008)
Abstract
Water deficit, ultraviolet radiation and CO2 concentration enhancement are three environmental stresses that affect nutrition of human in future. This research was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University in 2006, in order to study leaf qualitative traits of durum wheat under different levels of carbon dioxide (400 and 900 ppm), ultraviolet radiation (UV A, B and C) and water deficit (up to %60 of field capacity). Ultraviolet radiation enhancement increased anthocyanin, flavenoids and carotenoids of durum wheat leaf. There was no significant interaction effect between carbon dioxide and water deficit on anthocyanin and carbohydrates. Also, the interaction effects among the three factors were not significant on anthocyanin, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and a+b. Water deficit decreased leaf proteins. Increasing intensity of ultraviolet radiation and carbon dioxide enrichment decreased soluble leaf protein in durum wheat under water deficit conditions. The results showed that three main environmental stresses which reduce leaf pigment and plant protection due to negative effects of these stresses along with soluble leaf protein reduction decrease qualitative and quantitative yield of the wheat variety.
M Katozi, F Rahimzadeh Khouee, H Sabori,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (4-2009)
Abstract
In order to study the relationship between grain filling rate, duration and leaf relative water content (RWC) and yield, an experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran, as a randomized block design in Split Plot with 3 replications, in 2006. 5 irrigation levels as main factor (Continuously flooded, days after water banishment, 5, 8 and 11 day intervals immediately after 10 days of transplanting) and sub main factor were used with 3 rice cultivars, Bahar (hybrid), Dorfak (improved) and Ali kazemi (traditional).Bahar cultivar showed the highest (6710 km/h) yield in continuous conditions. And no significant difference was observed between continuous irrigation conditions and 5 day interval irrigation. In continuous irrigation condition (except 1 day after flowering), Dorfak cultivar in all sampling had the highest grain weight in grain filling duration, but in days after water banishment Bahar had the highest grain weight(2/41). Grain filling rate in Dorfak in all treatments was higher than Bahar, and in Ali kazemi in all treatment s it was higher than the other cultivars. In all sampling dates (8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 and 30day after heading), leaf relative water content of Ali kazemi was significantly less than Bahar and Dorfak. Dorfak produced the highest leaf relative water content. Results of the grain filling rate showed that Bahar with the longest grain filling duration and highest yield (6710 km/h) is more adaptable than Dorfak and Ali kazemi for different irrigation management conditions.
Y. Habibzadeh, M. R. Zardoshti, A. Pirzad, J. Jalilian,
Volume 16, Issue 60 (7-2012)
Abstract
To evaluate effect of different irrigation regimes and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of mungbean NM92 [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczk], a field experiment was conducted in split plot arrangements using randomized complete block design (Irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A as main plots and mycorrhiza species, Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices and a non-inoculated treatment as sub-plots) with three replications at the Research field of Urmia university in 2009. Results showed that irrigation after 50mm evaporation from pan class A, and plant inoculated with G. intraradices produced the highest grain yield (1678.5 kg/ha and 1537.6 kg/ha, respectively), total dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. In Contrast, irrigation after 200 mm evaporation from class A pan and non-inoculated treatment produced the lowest grain yeild (1159.2 and 1301.9 kg/ha, respectively). Reducing the irrigation distance led to an increase in total dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Despite lower grain yield in water deficit condition, AM fungi inoculation significantly reduced the effect of stress on grain yield. All inall, both mycorrhizae species significantly (P 0.05) increased the grain yield of mungbean under well-watered and water deficit conditions
M. Rishcefid, N. Aliasgharzad, M. R. Neyshabouri,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Glomalin is a glycoprotein identified in and extracted from cell walls of hyphae and spores of Glomeral fungi. It deposites on soil particles and acts as a glue which leads to the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates. Water deficit stress by affecting mycorrizal symbiosis can alter glomalin production. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications using corn (Zea mays L. Single cross 704) under greenhouse conditions. The first factor was three levels of soil moisture including 10-30% (W0), 35-55% (W1), 60-90% depletion of available water (W2) and the second factor was three species of mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus versiforme (Gv), Glomus intraradices (Gi), Glomus etunicatum (Ge) and non mycorrhizal control (NM). At the end of vegetative growth, easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and total glomalin (TG) were measured using the Bradford method after extraction from soil. Shoot and root dry weights and root colonization decreased by declining soil moisture level. Water deficit significantly increased the amount of EEG and TG in soil. Also, a significant increase in glomalin production was observed at W2 level in all three fungal species compared to the W0 and W1 moisture levels. Moreover, by enhancing water deficit stress and decreasing root colonization, glomalin production per unit percent of root colonization was significantly increased.
R. Amirnia, J. Jalilian, E. Gholinezhad, S. Abaszadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of supplemental irrigation and seed priming on yield and some quantity and quality characteristics of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) rainfed maragheh cultivar, an experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, West Azarbaijan province, Iran, during 2011. The experiment was laid out using split-plot, based on Randomized Complete Block design in three replicates. The factors studied were: Supplemental irrigation at four levels: without supplemental irrigation (I1), 1 time of supplemental irrigation (I2), 2 times of supplemental irrigation (I3) and 3 times of supplemental irrigation (I3). The subplot included four levels of seed priming: Control (C), Water (W), Phosphate (P) and Nitroxin (N). Plant height, pod number in stems, 1000-grain weight, wet and dry forage yield in the second and third harvest and fiber percentage in the second and third harvest, protein yield in the second and third harvest, biological yield and harvest index were influenced by the supplemental irrigation. Wet and dry forage yield in the second harvest and wet forage yield in the third harvest were highest in I4 with respectively 14.5, 16.72 and 3.56 (tons/hectare) yield and lowest with respectively 7.73, 7.47 and 2.06 (tons/hectare) yield. As a result, applying 2 times of supplemental irrigation and seed treatment with phosphate and nitroxin had positive effects on quality and quantity yield of vetch and they could improve the quantity and quality of Vetch forage.
S. Abdi, A. Pirzad,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on the growth and yield (quantity and quality) of Onobrychis sativa under water deficit condition, a greenhouse factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2014. Treatments included five species of mycorrhizal fungi (Fanelormis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis caledonius, Glomus versiforme and non-mycorrhizal control) and two levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80% [well watering] and 50% [water deficit] field capacity [FC]). The highest grain yield (9.187 g/plant) was obtained from the stressed plants inoculated with Rh. intraradices with the same grain yield of F. mosseae inoculated plants (8.867 g/plant). With a significant reduction in the grain yield of stressed plants, mycorrhizal relationships even increased the yield more than the well-watered plants. Despite the decreases in the grain protein and phosphorous of water-deficit stressed mycorrhizal plants, the highest grain protein content was obtained from the plants inoculated with G. versiforme, and the highest grain phosphorus content was obtained from the plants inoculated with F. mosseae. Mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the yield and the quality of Sanfoin grain in water deficit stressed plants due to reducing root volume against the stimulating root elongation. In this way, the species G. versiforme exhibited the greatest positive effect.
M. Safavi, A. Asareh, M. Khorramian, D. Khodadadi Dehkordi, A. Egdernezhad,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (5-2022)
Abstract
The present research was conducted to determine water stress tolerance and water productivity (WP) of 5 alfalfa cultivars as a split-plot design in a randomized complete block with 3 replications in the Safiabad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center (SARRC) with Silty clay loam soil texture during 2018-2019. The main plot was 4 levels of water irrigation depth (including 25, 50, 75, and 100% water requirement supply) with a constant irrigation cycle and the sub-plot was the five alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Yazdi, Nikshahree, Omid, and Mesasirsa). Two-year data on forage yield and WP for six harvests (from June to November) were analyzed by SAS software. The results showed that the wet and dry forage yield decreased by applying water stress and the percentage of dry forage increased. The highest yield of dry matter (12.4 tons ha-1) and WP of dry forage (0.94 kg m-3) were obtained from 75% water requirement supply treatment. Baghdadi genotype with wet and dry forage yield 39.1 and 10.7 tons ha-1, respectively, and the WP of dry forage 0.9 kg m-3 was higher than other genotypes. However, the Yazdi genotype had the lowest yield of wet and dry forage (30.3 and 8.5 tons ha-1, respectively) and dry forage WP (0.75 kg m-3). Therefore, the Baghdadi genotype with a 75% water requirement supply is recommended for similar conditions to the climate of Northern Khuzestan to increase water productivity.
M. Baki, J. Abedi Koupai,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
The improvement of water consumption efficiency is very significant, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, the effects of three hydrogel rates (0, 10, and 50 Mg ha-1) and three irrigation regimes (50%, 70%, and 100% of water requirement) on growth, yield, and oil production of Thymus daenensis were studied in a lysimetric experiment. The process of hydrogel synthesis was performed with sodium alginate as the main bone of the polymer and acrylic acid and acrylamide as monomers with the rapeseed meal biochar was made at 300 ºC. The results showed that the essential oil content produced by the plant was impressed by the hydrogel application. The essential oil content increased with an increase in water deficit, but the essential oil yield decreased in the lysimeters with water deficit compared to the ones without water stress. Besides, the application of 50 Mg ha-1 hydrogel caused a 17% increase in the dry matter and a 12% increase in the plant's height. According to the results of this experiment, the application of hydrogel caused the improvement in most characteristics of the Thymus daenensis in water stress conditions.
