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Showing 5 results for Water Consumption
Effects of Ionophorous Anticoccidial Drugs, Salinomycin and Lasalocid, on the Performance of Broiler Chicks and the Relationship of these Drugs to Supplementary Methionine
Y. Ebrahim Nejad, J. Pourreza,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of ionophore drugs (Salinomycin, Lasalocid and their combination) on the performance of broiler chicks. Also their relationship with methionine (three levels) was evaluated. 1215 one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (Arian) were divided into 81 groups, 15 chicks per group, and tested in a completely randomized design with a 3×3×3 factorial experiment and three levels (0/0, recommended and 1.5 times recommended) of drugs and three levels (0.0, 1% and 0.2%) of supplemental methionine.

The results indicated that these drugs reduced body weight gain significantly (p<0.05) at 21 and 56 days of the experiment. Decreasing feed consumption and increasing feed conversion was significant (p<0.05) due to Lasalocid supplementation. Increasing drug level significantly (p<0.05) reduced body weight gain and feed intake and feed conversion was increased at 21 to 42 and 0 to 56 days of the experiment. The effect of supplemental methionine on body weight of 42 days (P<0.05) and feed conversion at 21 to 42 and 0 to 56 days (p<0.01) were significant. The interactions between drug type and drug level on body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were significant (p<0.05). Lasalocid significantly (p<0.05) increased water intake. Drugs did not affect litter moisture and mortality. The results showed that Salinomycin was better than Lasalocid. Also supplemental methionine was not effective in compensating for the growth depression caused by ionophore drugs.


Impact of Subsidy Policy on the Drip Irrigation Systems under Non-Volumetric and Volumetric Water Allocation in the Najafabad Aquifer
A. Yousefi, M. Maleki-Zadeh, A.r. Nikooie, M.s. Ebrahimi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
This study determines the amount of irrigation water saved as a result of the subsidy policy to adapt from flood to drip irrigation. We developed a positive mathematical programming model (PMP) to evaluate the effect of economic incentives on farmers’ decisions to choose the type of irrigation technology, cropping pattern, and "water use" and "water consumption" in rural Garkan Shomali district, which is part of the Najafabad aquifer. We collected data through farm surveys, desk research, and expert interviews. The results showed that a reduction in the financial costs of converting flood irrigation into drip irrigation can lead to farmers investing in this technology. In the current water allocation scenario, the subsidy policy increases the water consumption of drip-irrigated crops by 28%, of which 19% is non-consumed water before subsidy payment and the rest is related to the reduction of furrow-irrigated lands. Also, under non-volumetric water delivery conditions, the operating costs reduce and the net income of the farms increases because of the increase in efficiency and the development of the area under cultivation, which increases water consumption while the water use is constant. In the volumetric water delivery scenario, with the increase in subsidies, the net income of the farms will increase without developing the area under cultivation and only because of the increased yield. Therefore, subsidy policy increases irrigation efficiency at both the farm and regional levels and is an effective tool for dealing with drought conditions.

Investigating River Flow Normalization Methods and Introducing a New Method
R. Khalaf, A.m. Akhoond-Ali, Saeid Soltani, K. Rezazadeh,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract 
Due to developing abstractions and their impacts on surface runoff, the recorded flow has been changed by human activities in most water gauging stations. Therefore, there is not found natural regime in the catchments. Accordingly, the objective of naturalization is to remove the effect of human activity factors and determine the actual amount of the river flow before the abstraction and the upstream development. Researchers have presented different methods that are mainly based on volume budget. In this way, this research presented the conventional methods as well as investigated their weak points. These new and innovative methods have been applied based on the available data. The methods have been planned based on the net consumption in which, the different types of water demands related to the upstream of each hydrometric station, are estimated for each month of a long-term series. Then, the amount of natural flow is determined by adding them to the observed flow. The accuracy and validation of the results are investigated by comparing the observed and calculated flow. As a case study, this method was utilized and implemented for Tireh and Marbareh sub-basins in Dez as well as Solgan and Beheshtabad sub-basins in the Karun basin. The results showed the role of the human activity factors decreasing the long-term outflow in the Tireh basin a 23.2%, in the Marbareh basin a 28.7%, in the Vanak watershed a 26%, and in the Beheshtabad basin a 9.5%. The results validation indicated the appropriate compatibility of the observational and estimated data for the control points (the stations). In this research, natural flow is obtained by presenting a practical method based on available information in the country. The proposed method has been in the preliminary stages. To verify and comprehend it, it should be used in future research on the interaction of surface and underground water and the use of new technologies such as remote sensing.

Assessment of the Water Footprint of Large Industries in Zayandeh-Rud Watershed
M. Askari Jabarabadi, N. Mirghaffari, J. Abedi Koopaei,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
The water footprint is an analytical tool that offers a better and more comprehensive view of how consumers or producers engage with freshwater consumption. Given the water crisis in the country, particularly in Isfahan Province, this study aims to estimate and compare the direct and indirect water footprints of several large industries, including Mobarakeh Steel, Iron Smelting, Refinery, and Power Plant, located in the Zayandeh River Basin. After identifying the desired objectives and study areas, as well as confirming the availability of the required data, information was gathered from the selected industries. Two methods were then utilized to aggregate the entire chain and the sum of steps to calculate the water footprint in the researched industries. According to the calculations, the direct and indirect water footprint in the iron smelting industry amounts to 196.9 cubic meters per ton of steel annually, of which 4.026 cubic meters is attributed to direct consumption and 17.5 cubic meters to indirect consumption. In a refinery, 18.80 liters of water are consumed directly and indirectly to produce one barrel of product (gasoline or diesel). Additionally, the direct and indirect water footprint of the Islamabad power plant is 1,198,320 cubic meters per terajoule, equating to 4.31 liters per kilowatt hour. The results of this study indicate that the indirect water footprint in the analyzed industries is equal to or exceeds direct water consumption, with both being equally significant. Finally, it is important to note that the results of this study can support decision-makers and policymakers in the industry, including those in the iron and steel, refinery, and power plant sectors, in managing their water footprint.

Assessment of Influential Factors on Wheat Yield Increasing in Isfahan Province: A Focus on Water Usage
A. Bagheri, A. Yadegari, K. Khaledi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2025)
Abstract
Wheat is a strategic crop, and boosting its production is vital. This study identifies key factors affecting wheat yield by estimating and selecting superior production functions. The research used panel data from crop years 1400-1385 in Isfahan province counties over 15 years, analyzed with EViews 10 software. Results showed water use had the greatest positive effect; a one percent water increase raised wheat yield by 0.41 percent on average. Cultivated area, fertilizer, seeds, and labor also had positive, significant effects. In contrast, air temperature had a negative effect, and agricultural machinery had no significant effect. Isfahan's arid climate and water's role in yield underscore the need for modern irrigation methods and better water use efficiency to improve production.

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