Showing 5 results for Water Management
M. Sabohi, Gh. Soltani, M. Zibaie,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the strategies for groundwater resources management, including competition groundwater pumping, optimal control in groundwater pumping, groundwater use and tax policy, water users' participation in groundwater pumping control, and cooperation among government and water user associations in Narimany plain located in Khorasan Province. Irrigation water demand of sugar beet growers was estimated for empirical assessment of the strategies. The results indicated that among the strategies, groundwater use and tax policy may lead growers to sustainable use of groundwater resources. Furthermore, the results showed a desirable strategy is affected by cultural, social, and economic characteristics of growers and general prevalent conditions of society. Moreover, each strategy calls for its obligations, for instance, it is necessary to have an efficient taxation system for the proposed strategy. Hence, by internalizing the external cost of groundwater overdraft (that is taxing water users) government can force them to consider the adverse effects of their decisions on other producers.
A.a. Shahroudi , M. Chizari,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the factors affecting farmers’ attitudinal dimensions toward participation in Water Users’ Association (WUA) by comparing two groups of farmers in irrigation networks with WUA and without it. The methodological approach was a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative study of the survey type. The target population in the study consisted of 2551 farmers of irrigation networks in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, Iran. Using stratified random sampling technique, 335 participants were chosen. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS, V.13. Content and face validity of the instrument were obtained by the faculty members of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agronomy and Irrigation Departments at Tarbiat Modarres University and also specialists board of Agricultural Jihad Organization and Regional Water Joint-stock Company in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The reliability analysis was conducted and cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated between 0.73 and 0.86. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the majority of farmers’ overall attitude with respect to participation in WUA was at a good level. The results obtained from Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there are significant and positive relationships between such variables as education level, size of irrigated cultivated landholding, annual income, extension contacts, social capital components, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status and farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management with the farmers’ overall attitude toward participation in WUA. The result of stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that 61.1% (R2 = 0.611) of the variance in farmers’ attitudes with respect to participation in WUA could be explained by farmers’ behaviour regarding optimum farm water management, social participation, social confidence, water users’ perceptions regarding irrigation networks status, farmers’ participation status concerning irrigation networks management. Also, significant differences were found between the two respondent groups in irrigation networks with WUA and without it in relation to farmers’ attitudinal dimensions.
B. Moumeni, M. Masoudian, M. A. Gholami Sefidkohi, A. Emadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Over the years, since the beginning of the national and infrastructural project of Development and Renovation of Paddy Fields of Iranian Northern provinces, it has been essential to evaluate water distribution and delivery Performance of the project to get its feedback in the pursuit of the desired goals. However, the results of the evaluation of a system can reliable when they are based on quantitative indicators, not on personal opinions and empirical judgment. So, in this study, Total Error (TE) of performance of water delivery system, a statistical indicator, and its component including adequacy, water management capability and equity errors were calculated and compared for two concrete and earthen irrigation canals. This analysis was done based on calculating water demand and measuring the volume of delivered water between outlets during the irrigation season in the paddy fields of Esmaelkola of Joybar city, in 2015. According to the results, although the concrete channel (0.28) had less error than the earthen channel (0.43) and in the concrete channel, as compared to the earthen channel, the share of the components of adequacy and water management capability from the total error was dropped from 47% to less than 10%, but the error in the water delivery of the concrete channel was still high due to the error in the equity of distribution, whose value was 0.25 (90% of the total error). Therefore, in order to reduce the performance error, after channel lining, it would be necessary to make fundamental changes in the intake and flow control structure in addition to the training of irrigators regarding water delivery based on water demand.
F. Ghasemi-Saadat Abadi, S. Zand-Parsa, M. Mahbod,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, water resource management and optimization of applying irrigation water are particularly important. For optimization of applying irrigation water, the estimated values of actual evapotranspiration are necessary for avoiding excessive or inadequate applying water. The estimation of actual crop evapotranspiration is not possible in large areas using the traditional methods. Hence, it is recommended to use remote sensing algorithms for these areas. In this research, actual evapotranspiration of wheat fields was estimated using METRIC algorithm (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration), using ground-based meteorological data and satellite images of Landsat8 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, in 2016-2018. In the process of METRIC execution, cold pixels are located in well-irrigated wheat fields where there is no water stress and maximum crop evapotranspiration occurred. The estimated maximum values of evapotranspiration using the METRIC algorithm were validated favorably using the obtained values by the AquaCrop model with NRMSE (Normalized Root Mean Square Errors) equal to 0.12. Finally, the values of water productivity (grain yield per unit volume of evapotranspiration) and irrigation efficiency were estimated using the values of predicted actual evapotranspiration using remote sensing technique. The values of measured irrigation water and produced wheat grain yield in 179 ha were estimated at 0.86 kg m-3 and 75%, respectively.
M. Saeidi Nia, H. Mousavi, S. Rahimi Moghadam,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Due to the lack of water resources and excessive evaporation in the country, it is necessary to have a detailed irrigation program and a suitable management method. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of superabsorbent and mulch in Khorramabad in July 2022 in a factorial combination with a completely randomized design in three replications. The first experimental factor was irrigation water treatment in 4 levels including irrigation that provided 100% water requirement (I100), 80% of crop water requirement (I80), 60% of crop water requirement (I60), and 40% of crop water requirement (I40). The second factor included different corrective materials including plant mulch (M), superabsorbent (S), and control treatment (I). The results showed the maximum amount of wet and dry yield and crop height was related to I100-M treatment, i.e. 100 percent water requirement and compost corrective material, which were 89.52 tons per hectare, 29.42 tons per hectare, and 2.27 meters. The maximum wet and biological productivity for I40-S was calculated as 14.24 kg of wet matter per cubic meter of water and 4.75 kg of dry matter per cubic meter of water. The lowest wet and dry yields were related to I40-M, which decreased the yield of the control treatment by 6.5 percent and 0.9 percent. The lowest productivity was related to the I100-S treatment, which was calculated as 3.13 kilograms per cubic meter of water for biological productivity and 9.14 kilograms per cubic meter of water for wet weight productivity. In general, mulch had a better performance in the treatments where the water stress was low, but when the water stress increased, the performance of the mulch treatments decreased. In the superabsorbent matter, the treatments with complete irrigation or with less stress, yield decreased, but the treatments with increased stress showed better results than most of the corrective materials and the control treatment.
