Showing 8 results for Sediment Yield
M. Sheklabadi, H. Khademi, A. H. Charkhabi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
Soil erodibility in arid regions, particularly in less developed soils, greatly depends on parent material. The objectives of this study included comparison of the potential of runoff and sediment production in soils with different parent materials and identification of the highly sensitive parent materials in Golabad watershed, 60 km northeast of Isfahan, with about 160 mm of annual precipitation and various geological formations, as one of the highly erodible watersheds in Iran. Soils formed on twelve different parent materials were selected. Rainfall simulator was run for 80 minutes on three replicates of each soil. To have an idea about the rate of runoff and sediment generation with time, runoff loaded with sediment was collected every 10 minutes using plastic containers. After measuring the volume of each runoff sample, it was dried and the amount of sediment was measured. The mechanical parameters of the applied rain were: intensity about 40 mm/hr, rain drop average diameter: 6.56 mm plot size: 1 m2 and kinetic energy of 13.7-17.2 J/m2.mm. Based on the rainfall simulation experiments, soils formed on green andesite and slightly dissected alluvium derived from both sedimentary and igneous rocks created the highest amount of runoff. They also created runoff much more rapidly as compared to other soils. In contrast, soils developed on granodiorite and moderately undulating alluvium produced the least volume of runoff. Furthermore, maximum quantity of sediment was produced from the soils occurring on green andesite and shale. The least sediment yield was observed in soils developed on granodirite and moderately undulating alluvium. Soils formed on shale created the highest sediment concentration and no significant differences were observed among other soils. Based on the results obtained, soils were ranked according to sensitivity to erosion. It is concluded that soil parent materials have a high influence on the production of runoff and sediment yield in Golabad watershed.
S.a.a. Hashemi, M. Arab Khedri,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2008)
Abstract
In order to quantitatively evaluate the sediment yield in ungauged basins, it is necessary to use empirical models. The EPM model, as a model which is using in Iran, has sometimes been evaluated. Most evaluations have often been conducted by using river's sediment information and direct measurements of dam reservoir sedimentation have been less used, while the sediment measurement method on reservoir is more carefully. 9 small watersheds from Semnan province (Iran) were selected in this research. There is a small earth dam which have been built on the outlet of each watershed in the past years that them age is 10 years. These dams have not been weirs since they have been building to now. Therefore total of sediment yield volumes of each watershed are entrapped in the dam reservoirs. The volume of sediments deposited in reservoir were calculated by surveying. Sediment's apparent specific weights were measured in each reservoir and the volume of sediments transformed into sediments weight. By EPM model the volume and weight of sediment yield were estimated. Values of sediment yield measured in reservoirs were compared with estimated values by t-test. The results showed that at level 5%, there was not any significant difference between sediment yield values estimated in reservoirs by EPM model in comparison with values of volume and weight which were measured. But determination of performance and relative root mean square error showed that EPM model has low efficiency for estimation of sediment yield in the case study of watersheds.
S.h Sadeghi, S.h Pourghasemi, M Mohamadi, H Agharazi,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (1-2009)
Abstract
The use of suitable empirical models for estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield is essential because of nonexistence or shortage of associated data in many watersheds. In the present study, the applicability of the USLE and its different versions Viz. MUSLE-S, AOF, MUSLT, MUSLE-E, USLE-M and AUSLE in estimation of storm-wise sediment yield from standard plots installed in dry farming, ploughed and rangeland treatments was evaluated. To conduct the study, the entire input data were collected from plots installed in three replicates in each treatment in Khosbijan Natural Resources Research Station in Arak Township. The models’ estimates were then compared with the observed sediment data for 12 storm events. Contrary to high correlation among different models’ estimates, the models used in estimation of measured sediment data were found inapplicable. However, significant relationship (r=94.4%) and non-significant relationship with correlation coefficients less than 50% were found between MUSLE-E, and MUSLE-S and MUSLE-E estimates and measured data in rangeland, dry farming and ploughed treatments, respectively.
M Bashiri Seghale, S.h.r Sadeghi, A.s Rangavar ,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (7-2010)
Abstract
Erosion plots are basically used for studying erosion processes and many related problems. However, the possibility to extend the results of experimental plots to surrounding watersheds is rarely taken into account. In the present study, an attempt was made to study on the accuracy of soil erosion plots in estimation of runoff and sediment yield from small watersheds. Towards this attempt, 12 experimental plots with length of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 meter were installed on two north and south facing slopes in Sanganeh watershed, northeastern Razavi Khorasan Province with an area of ca. 1 ha. The performance of the plots in estimation of runoff and sediment was controlled by data collected at the main outlet associated with 12 storm events occurred during November 2006 to June 2007. The results showed that the accuracy of plot estimates on sediment and runoff improved while the plot length increased. The optimal length for estimation of sediment and runoff parameters was found to be equal to average slope length and more than 20m.
A. Talebi, A. H. Charkhabi, H. R. Peyrowan, A. A. Hashemi, H. Mosaddegh,
Volume 16, Issue 62 (3-2013)
Abstract
The Marls are unstable sedimentary formations that contain chemical materials and destructive particles. Marls Erosion processes are very intensive, so different forms of erosion on the marls as badlands are of specific characteristics in marl lands. Hence, recognition of effective characteristics in marls erodibility is necessary to adopt corrective measures and methods. In this research, for assessing marls erodibility in Hablehroud watershed portable rain simulator was used. Runoff and sediment amounts were measured in each marl unit. Then effective Factors were identified using statistical parameters. Finally, by factor analysis we determined the relationship between marls chemical properties and sediment yield. Therefore, effective parameters of erosion and sediment yield were determined. Results showed sediment yield is decreased in gypsum marl, sandy marl, salt marl and limy marl. In addition, erosion and sediment yield are increased with increasing EC, Na, Cl, SAR and with decreasing TNV, HCO3
N. Basirani, H. Karimi, A. Moghadamnia, H. Ebrahimi,
Volume 19, Issue 72 (8-2015)
Abstract
Erosion and sedimentation as a river natural behavior lead to the loss of soil and cause irreparable damages to water development projects. Since the phenomenon of erosion and deposition is one of the most complex natural processes, the complete understanding of the effective factors involved in this phenomenon is really a big problem. This study was done to optimize the parameters affecting sediment yield and determine their sensitivity in the Doiraj river basin in the West of Iran, using SWAT, a semi-distributed model, and SUFI2 algorithm, and the monthly sediment yield from 1994 to 2004. In the first run of the model, coefficients R2, NS, and Br2 were respectively obtained as 0.43, 0.39 and 0.28. The results showed that performance of the model with the default data was not satisfactory and we needed to determine the used optimal values. Then, the optimal values of parameters were determined using SUFI2 algorithm and reverse modeling and the model was run with the new values. Based on the new results, coefficients R2, NS, and Br2 were respectively obtained as 0.75, 0.73 and 0.65 and performance of the model improved and its accuracy increased acceptably. In the next step, from among the studied 30 parameters, (CH_N2), (USLE_K), (USLE_P) and (OV_N) were identified as the important parameters effective in the output of the sediment yield from basin. Also, USLE_K as was diagnosed as the most sensitive parameter. Results of this survey can be used in the management of the effective parameters in sediment load. Determining exact values of the effective parameters in other studies can be helpful to improve the simulation results in similar basins, too.
Engineer H. Talebikhiavi, Engineer M. Zabihi, Dr. R. Mostafazadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
Effective soil conservation requires a framework modelling that can evaluate erosion for different land-use scenarios. The USLE model was used to predict the reaction of appropriate land-cover/land-use scenarios in reducing sediment yield at the upland watershed of Yamchi Dam (474 km2), West Ardabil Province, Iran. Beside existing scenario, seven other land-use management scenarios were determined considering pattern of land-use through study area within a GIS-framework. Then, data inputs were prepared using terrain data, land-use map and direct observations. According to the model results, the generated erosion amount was 3.92 t/ha/yr for the current land-use (baseline scenario). For this purpose, conservation practices in dry farming slopes and implementing the scenario 5 (contour farming and remaining crop residuals) can reduce the sediment to 2.02 t/ha/yr. The lowest and highest decreases in sediment yield are projected to be through implementation of scenario 6 (irrigated farming protection with plant residuals) and 7 (biological soil conservation in dry and irrigated farming). The results indicated that, implementing scenario frameworks and evaluating appropriate land-use management scenarios can lead to the reduction of sediment entering the reservoir, and prioritizing soil conservations in the studied area.
D. Khatibi Roudbarsara, A. Khaledi Darvishan, J. Alavi,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Soil erosion followed by sediment production is the most important phenomenon that causes soil and environment degradation in many areas and is increasing. Sediment fingerprinting is a method to identify sediment sources and determine the contribution of each source to sediment production. The present research was carried out to evaluate the relative erosion sensitivity of lithological units and to determine the contribution of each unit in bed sediment production using geochemical properties in the Vaz River located in Mazandaran province. The 33 soil samples were taken from the whole watershed and one sediment sample at the outlet of the watershed. Then, five tracers of B, Al, Sc, Mo, and Sn were selected as the optimal combination using three statistical tests range tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and discriminant function analysis. Finally, using optimal tracers and a combined multivariate model, the contribution of lithological units with very high (A), high (B), medium to high (C), and medium (D) sensitivity in bed sediment production were obtained using FingerPro statistical package and R software. The results showed that the contribution of lithological units with very high (A), high (B), medium to high (C), and medium (D) sensitivity in bed sediment production were 24.23, 50.77, 15.62, and 9.36%, respectively. Then, the specific contribution of each sensitivity class was also calculated to remove the effect of area on the results. The Qal lithological unit including the Quaternary sediments in the river bed and banks with very high sensitivity to erosion (A) and a specific contribution of 0.0807 % per hectare had the maximum contribution in bed sediment production in Vaz River.
