Journal of Welding Science

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Ziaei Laleh V, Hamed Zargari H, Sartibi J. Microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled SS316L fabricated by IP-GMAW-based via WAAM. JWSTI 2026; 12 (1) :139-151
URL: http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-529-en.html

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the modern methods of fabrication parts by arc welding under shielding gas. In this research, the thin-wall of austenitic stainless steel 316L was fabricated via WAAM based on inter-pulse current; accordingly, a thin-wall was fabricated in 25-layers using two different strategies with a reciprocating torch movement pattern. Considering the equivalent chromium and nickel content in the Scheffler diagram, it was predicted that the microstructure solidification was done in the austenitic-ferritic (AF) state. Microstructural examination by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of austenite matrix phase alongside ferrite dendrites (about 5%). The tensile test results showed that samples extracted in the vertical direction with an average tensile strength of 454 MPa had about 12% higher strain rates than horizontal samples with a tensile strength of 436 MPa. Also, examination of fine and coarse indentations on the fracture surface of tensile test specimens by scanning electron microscopy showed that the fracture of the specimens was of the ductile type. The hardness of the fabricated thin-wall was measured in the range of 200 to 265 Vickers with an average of 234 Vickers.