Journal of Welding Science

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Solid state joining of powder metallurgy (P/M) processed and sintered by spark plasma sintering through friction stir welding (FSW) was studied. The nanocomposites were prepared via mechanical milling followed by spark plasma sintering. The microstructural and mechanical of the joints were evaluated as a function of the different processing parameters such as rotating and advancing speeds of the tool. The achieved finding revelled that the FSW of the nanocomposites produced by P/M containing bimodal sized Al2O3 reinforcement have a working window are affected by the heat input. The joint evolution revelled that the microstructure and mechanical properties of those was related to the generated heat input during the welding. It is known that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) caused grain size refinement of aluminium into stir zone. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the pinning effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles retarded grain growth of the recrystallized grains caused by dynamic recrystallization (DRX)

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In the present study, the effect of time and base metal microstructure on the Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) bonding of 304L stainless steel was studied. TLP was performed at 1050 ⁰C for 5 and 60 minutes on the coarse grain austenitic and martensitic microstructure using BNi-2 interlayer. To prepare martensitic microstructure, as-received 304L was rolled at -15 ⁰C up to 80% rolling reduction. TEM analysis was proved that the microstructure of 80% rolled samples consisted of two different morphologies of martensite namely as lath-type and dislocation cell type martensite.  It was observed that the structure of bonded zone after 5 min has consisted of isothermally solidified zone (ISZ) containing γ solid solution and athermally solidified zone (ASZ) containing complex boride phases. Meanwhile, after 60 min of  heating, the structure of bonded zone completely solidifies isothermally. The obtained results also showed that the martensitic microstructure considerably effect on the width of diffusion affected zone (DAZ) which was related to the reversion of martensite to ultrafine grain austenite during heating.

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In the present study, friction stir processing (FSP) technique was carried out on the AA2024 sheet at different traverse speed (63 to 250 mm/min) and rotation speed (315 to 800 rpm). The temperature and grain size of stirred zone (SZ) were measured and their relationship was analyzed and effect of FSP parameters on the grain size of SZ was determined. Experiment and analytical investigations revealed that SZ grain size complies the exponential temperature-dependent relationship and can be defined the mathematical equation. Calculations indicate that a change in operational variables (rotation and traverse speeds) makes no variation in strain rate, and it is constant.